Quarter division of Styria 1462

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"Ducatus Styriae Marchiae": Map of Styria from 1561, one of the documents of the administrative organization in the 16th century.

The quarter division of Styria in 1462 was the first secular area-wide administrative organization and the first form of a centrally organized national defense in Styria . It includes historical administrative areas of Styria from the 15th to the 18th century.

Basics

The division of Styria into quarters is based on the defension order (from Latin defendere for defend ) of the Leibnitzer General Landtag of 1462, which primarily served the collection of taxes and military organization in the fight against Matthias Corvinus ' troops and against the Turks . This order of defense was a reaction of the Styrian estates to the approach of Emperor Friedrich III, which was perceived as inadequate defense . Styria was divided into four areas, viewed from the conference location of the Landtag in Leibnitz:

  • “Viertel enhalb der Piberalm”: That was the area beyond (north) the Gleinalm . It essentially comprised Upper Styria .
  • "Quarter this half of the Piberalm": That was the area south of the Gleinalm and west of the Mur to the Drau , also called the "quarter between the Mur and the Drau". It essentially comprised West Styria , the Possruck and the Windischen Bühel .
  • “Viertel enhalb der Drau”: This area was south of the Drau. It was also called the “ Cilli Quarter ”. The quarter essentially comprised Lower Styria with the county of Cilli .
  • "Quarter down from the Mürz Valley ": This area was south of the Mürz and east of the Mur. It was also called “Vorauer Viertel”, later called “Grazer Viertel”, and essentially comprised Eastern Styria .

For each quarter, two people ("ordained", "captains") and one or two "quarter masters" were appointed to carry out the military contingent and the collection of taxes. It was based on the boundaries of the manors and parishes . The boundaries of the dioceses Salzburg , Seckau and Lavant responsible for Styria or other administrative units of the (at that time only considered: Catholic ) church, such as the archdeaconate in Straßgang, were not decisive . No survey work took place. The areas have been changed several times, they have been subdivided and their borders shifted. Just a few years after the introduction of the structure, Upper Styria was divided into four sub -quarters in 1469 (see below for the iron quarters ).

Styria in the 17th century: The "Fertilissima" by Georg Matthäus Vischer 1678

Development in the 16th century

In the time of Maximilian I , Upper Styria was divided into the Judenburg quarter and the quarter between the Enns and Mürz valleys in 1516 , and its southern border was moved significantly to the south. According to another source, this division can already be earlier, in the last years of Frederick III's reign. or at the beginning of the reign of Maximilian I (who had been Archduke of Austria since 1493 ). The valid book 1495 was already arranged according to the divided quarter, but this does not have to say anything about the formal time of division. From then on, Styria had five quarters, and the Judenburg quarter also included the Kainach valley as far as Ligist and Lieboch , Übelbach and Thal west of Graz . The Enns and Mürz Valley district extended in the Murtal valley via the Adriach and Gratwein parishes to the north of Graz. At the end of the 16th century, the Übelbach area came from the Judenburg quarter to the Enns and Mürz valley quarter.

The Vorau district then included the areas of Fladnitz , Semriach , Gratkorn and Graz with its suburbs in the west, including those west of the Mur. From Graz down to Radkersburg , the Mur was the border to the district between Mur and Drau.

The quarter between Mur and Drau comprised western Styria south of the Kainach valley to the Drau.

The quarter enhalb der Drava was divided into an upper and lower quarter, the lower quarter comprising the area of ​​the former county of Cilli in the south of the watershed between the Drava and Sava and the upper quarter also being included in the quarter between the Mur and the Drava.

Styria around 1728 on the map by Matthias Seutter

During this time, other functionaries such as landscape doctors , midwives and, during the Reformation, also preachers were appointed by the Styrian estates . War commissioners looked after marching troops with accommodation and food, which helped avoid conflicts with the population.

Development in the 17th century

In 1677 a major change took place: The Kainach valley was detached from the Judenburg quarter and moved to the quarter between Mur and Drau. The area around Geistthal became part of the Enns and Mürz Valley district.

Development in the 18th century

Around 1700 the parishes north of Graz- Gösting , Plankenwarth , Straßengel , Rein , Stübing , Waldstein and Rabenstein are included in the quarter between Mur and Drau. Peggau , the east of today's municipality of Röthelstein and Pernegg , came soon afterwards (around 1710) from the Enns and Murtal districts to the Vorauer district. The northern border of the district between Mur and Drau and the Vorau district was thus on the line of the Gamsgraben north of Frohnleiten .

The border shifts were only partially or delayed in the documents of the tax authorities and in the maps. These maps are "to be used with great caution".

The iron quarter of Styria 1782. This map does not describe the quarter division of the Leibnitzer Landtag, but contains the subdivision of the "quarter enhalb der Piberalm". It is divided according to mining considerations.

Effects

Since the quarter division only concerned the geographical organization of the area, its influence on its own remained small. The order of defense on which it was based had more far-reaching effects. Tax payments and participation in military companies, however, remained dependent on the existing power structures, which were essentially based on the several hundred manorial lords and rights of rule of the nobility or church institutions such as monasteries, archdeaconates, etc. As recently as 1788, 294 manors, some of them widely scattered, and 206 other noble estates are recorded in Styria. However, the division is seen as a development that should become important for the later administrative organization.

The neighborhoods became the core areas of the districts , which were created by the territorial reforms of Maria Theresa and Joseph. II. Were created in the years from 1748: The Judenburger Kreis and the Brucker Kreis emerged from the quarter within the Piberalm in the 18th century . The quarter between the Mur and Drava was the core of the later Marburg district . The quarter on the Drau was the forerunner of the Cillier circle . The district of Vorau became the Grazer Kreis in the 18th century .

Boundaries formed from the boundaries of the neighborhoods, some of which have remained relevant to the present day. For example, the border of the 18th century north of Frohnleiten between the quarter in the middle of the Piberalm (Upper Styria, Brucker Viertel, later Brucker Kreis) and the Vorauer Viertel (then Lower Styria, Grazer Kreis) became the 19th century district border. In the 21st century, this border is the northern border of the Graz-Umgebung district .

Iron quarter

The Styrian iron quarter can be traced back to the subdivision of the “quarter enhalb der Piberalm” in the 15th century. According to the Eisenviertel map from the 18th century, Upper Styria has the "Murboden Quarter", the "Mürz Valley Quarter" and the "Camer Enns and Baltental Quarter" as well as the "Bruck Quarter", which also includes Lower Styria.

literature

  • Manfred Straka: Administrative boundaries and population development in Styria 1770-1850. Explanations for the first delivery of the Historical Atlas of Styria. Research on the historical regional studies of Styria, XXXI. Tape. Published by the Historical Commission for Styria - HLK. Self-published by HLK. Graz 1978. Pages 12-14.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f Gernot Peter Obersteiner: The Styrian district authorities 1868 to 1918. In: Communications from the Styrian state archive. Volume 43. Graz 1993. Page 78. ( PDF  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. )@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.verwaltung.steiermark.at  
  2. ^ A b Peter Krenn: The Styrian military history and the state armory. In: Château Gaillard. Études de castellologie médiévale. Actes du colloque international de Graz 22-29 août 1998. Volume XIX. Published by the Center de recherches archéologiques médiévales - CRAM. Caen 2000. Jouve Publishing, Paris. ISBN 2-902685-09-2 . Page 168. Krenn, steir. Military history in google book search
  3. ↑ a b c Straka, Administrative Boundaries , page 12.
  4. ↑ a b Straka, administrative boundaries, pages 12-13.
  5. ↑ a b Straka, Administrative Boundaries , page 14.
  6. ^ Fritz Posch : Prehistory and beginnings of the district authorities in Styria. Extended lecture on the occasion of the centenary of the Styrian district authorities in the knight's hall of the Styrian country house in Graz on October 11, 1968. In: Mitteilungen des Styrian Provincial Archives. 18th volume. Graz 1968. Page 102. ( PDF  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. )@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.verwaltung.steiermark.at