Carl von Oberkamp

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Coat of arms of those of Oberkamp

Carl Ferdinand Joseph Ritter von Oberkamp (born October 30, 1893 in Munich , † May 4, 1947 in Belgrade ) was a German SS brigade leader and major general of the Waffen SS as well as a war criminal .

Life

origin

The progenitor Johann von Oberkamp had received the imperial knighthood in Vienna in 1629 as Reichshofrat . The ancestor Heinrich von Oberkamp, ​​Vice Chancellor of the Prince Diocese of Bamberg , was a brother of the medical professor and princely personal physician Franz Joseph von Oberkamp . The great-grandfather Franz de Paula von Oberkamp, ducal chamberlain of Nassau , colonel and chief of the general staff , lord of Zogenreuth and Weißenbrunn , was registered in the Kingdom of Bavaria in 1813 in the knightly class of the nobility . Carl von Oberkamp was a son of the Bavarian judicial councilor Karl Ritter von Oberkamp (1850–1908), who was still born at Weißenbrunn Palace, and Anna, born in Munich. Wagus.

Act

After being in July 1912 graduated from high school at Ludwigsgymnasium had taken in Munich, he joined in the same month as a cadet in the second Rhenish Hussars. 9 of the Prussian army in Strasbourg one, on 27 November 1912 where he commissioned officer , at March 7, 1913 was promoted to ensign and finally on February 18, 1914 to lieutenant . After attending the Hersfeld War School , he served as a platoon leader in Lorraine and on the Somme from August 1914 after the outbreak of World War I and was then assigned to the 7th Cavalry Division as an orderly officer . After further deployments in the Balkans and Hungary , he returned to his main regiment as a first lieutenant in 1918 and was finally discharged from the army on July 19, 1919 at his own request due to illness.

After the war, Oberkamp was a member of the Bund Oberland and took part in the 1923 Hitler putsch . In the same year he married Sonia, née Güllich. The marriage remained childless and was divorced in 1936. From 1922 he worked as a ski and tennis instructor as well as a mountain guide in Germany , Austria and Switzerland and remained active in this area until 1933. In that year he joined the RAD and the NSDAP ( membership number 1.928.904) and joined the SA on May 6, 1934 . As a first lieutenant he returned to the army on March 1, 1935 and served there as a company commander in various units. On September 1, 1935, he was promoted to captain , at the same time he became chief of the 8th Company of the 63rd Jägerregiment and held this post until October 1936 when he moved to the 99th Mountain Infantry Regiment under the then Colonel Eduard Dietl . On January 18, 1937, Oberkamp was appointed major . After participating in several courses and exercises, he came on October 4, 1937 as Major i. G. to the headquarters of the Mountain Infantry Regiment 98 in Mittenwald . After serving in the 27th Infantry Division , he took part in the Anschluss of Austria in 1938 , where he served, among other things, as city ​​commander of Salzburg . Subsequently, he was IIa ( division adjutant ) in the 3rd Mountain Division and married Franziska geb. Hiemer, with whom he had two daughters.

At the SS

That same year he appeared as sturmbannführer for SS-Verfügungstruppe about where he was tactics instructor for Junkerschule Bad Toelz came. As such, he switched to the Junkerschule Braunschweig in 1939 and received a troop command on June 1 of the same year when he took over the Second Storm of the Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler as the successor to Jürgen Wagner .

In this function he took part in the attack on Poland at the beginning of the Second World War and in April 1940 moved as battalion commander to the SS disposal division with which he took part in the western campaign. On July 1, 1940, he was promoted to SS-Obersturmbannführer and in December of that year became the commander of the “Germania” regiment. On 30 January 1941 he was standartenführer and took as such in the context of SS Division "Wiking" on the invasion of Russia in part, in which he for the October 1, 1941 oberführer was appointed.

In June 1942, after differences with division commander Felix Steiner, he was replaced as regiment commander by Jürgen Wagner and transferred to the SS command main office , where he held various positions as head of inspection until April 1943. In the same month he was transferred to the 7th SS Mountain Division “Prinz Eugen” as SS Brigadefuhrer , and he became its commander in July, succeeding Artur Phleps . Even under his command, the division committed several war crimes ; shortly after he took up his duties on July 12, 1943, 40 civilians were shot dead by members of the SS Mountain Jäger Regiment 1 in the village of Košutica near Sokolac . After attacks on Croatian Muslims by the division, a violent argument broke out between Oberkamp and Konstantin Kammerhofer , the "representative of the Reichsführer SS at the commander of the German troops in Croatia", whereupon Heinrich Himmler met SS-Obergruppenführer Artur Phleps, commander of the V. SS - Volunteer Mountain Corps , charged with investigating the incidents and asked him to "take the reins of Oberkamp, ​​who had long been known because of his difficult nature, very sharply". Oberkamp later ordered that children under the age of 14 and women should only be shot in combat or in court. In the further course of the year, the division was involved in the disarming of Italian units and the fight against partisans as part of "Operation Herbstgewitter", which resulted in shootings, looting and other atrocities.

After Oberkamp was temporarily represented by Standartenführer August Schmidhuber due to illness , he returned to the division in January 1944, but was replaced in the same month by Oberkamp Otto Kumm after a dispute arose between him and Phleps, whereupon he was warned by Himmler " to change fundamentally ". From February 1 to 20, 1944, Oberkamp served in the SS headquarters and then became the commandant of the SS training area “Moorlager” . On May 4, 1944, he was relieved and returned to the SS Leadership Main Office, where he again filled various positions as inspector. In April 1945 he was appointed commander of the 38th SS Grenadier Division “Nibelungen” , but it is questionable whether he actually took up this post.

Captivity and sentencing

At the end of the war, Oberkamp was captured by the Americans and extradited to Yugoslavia , where he was sentenced to death by a military tribunal for the crimes committed under his responsibility and hanged on May 4, 1947 in Belgrade .

Awards

See also

literature

  • Andreas Schulz, Günter Wegmann, Dieter Zinke: The generals of the Waffen SS and the police. Volume 3: Lammerding-Plesch . Biblio-Verlag, 2008, ISBN 3-7648-2375-5 .
  • Mark C. Yerger : Waffen-SS Commanders: The Army, Corps and Divisional Leaders of a Legend: Krüger to Zimmermann (v. 2). Schiffer Military History, Atglen, PA 1997, ISBN 0-7643-0769-X .
  • Thomas Casagrande: The Volksdeutsche SS-Division "Prinz Eugen". The Banat Swabians and the National Socialist war crimes. Campus, Frankfurt 2003 ISBN 3-593-37234-7 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Gothaisches genealogisches Taschenbuch der Briefadeligen houses, 1911, p. 686 f.
  2. ^ Martin Seckendorf; Günter Keber; u. a .; Federal Archives (Ed.): The Occupation Policy of German Fascism in Yugoslavia, Greece, Albania, Italy and Hungary (1941–1945) Hüthig, Berlin 1992; Decker / Müller, Heidelberg 2000. Series: Europa unterm Hakenkreuz Volume 6, ISBN 3-8226-1892-6 , p. 59, p. 241 f.
  3. ^ Andreas Schulz, Dieter Zinke: Germany's Generals and Admirals. Part V / Volume 3: The Generals of the Waffen SS and the Police. La-Pl. Biblio, 2008, ISBN 3-7648-2375-5 , pp. 378-387.
  4. ↑ Mark C. Yerger: Waffen-SS Commanders: The Army, Corps and Divisional Leaders of a Legend: Krüger to Zimmermann (v. 2) , Schiffer Military History, Atglen, PA 1999, ISBN 0-7643-0769-X , p 130-132.
personal data
SURNAME Oberkamp, ​​Carl von
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Oberkamp, ​​Carl Ferdinand Joseph Ritter von (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German officer, SS brigade leader and major general of the Waffen SS
DATE OF BIRTH October 30, 1893
PLACE OF BIRTH Munich
DATE OF DEATH May 4, 1947
Place of death near Belgrade