Stéphane Charbonnier

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Charb (2011)

Stéphane Charbonnier (born August 21, 1967 in Conflans-Sainte-Honorine , † January 7, 2015 in Paris ; pseudonym Charb ) was a French comic artist , political cartoonist and journalist . From 2009 until his murder in the terrorist attack on his editorial team , he was the editor of the satirical newspaper Charlie Hebdo and its mouthpiece.

Life

Origin and school time

Stéphane Charbonnier was born in Conflans-Sainte-Honorine in 1967 . His father was a technician at the PTT , his mother a secretary at a bailiff, and later at a national educational institution. He attended the Collège des Louvrais in the municipality of Pontoise north-west of Paris, where he drew his first caricatures and pictures of teachers and classmates as well as self-portraits during class. He also published his first cartoons in the school newspaper. Charbonnier trained himself by reading the classics of the bande dessinée . He described his childhood as boring: “I laughed a little, but not a lot. I was a little pissed off, but not much. I lacked nothing and nothing pleased me. ”There were fewer conflicts with his parents than with his grandfather, an early supporter of the right-wing National Front . His grandfather was "not a racist, but a loudmouth who turned meals together into fights because of the father's socialist preferences".

Charb in Strasbourg (2009)

Starts as a cartoonist

After leaving school, Charbonnier began an apprenticeship, but dropped out to work for regional newspapers and to get by with illustrations for cinema programs. During the Gulf War in 1991 he finally switched to the satirical magazine La Grosse Bertha , where he met Philippe Val , who became his mentor . Charbonnier worked for various newspapers and magazines, including L'Écho des Savanes , Télérama , Fluide glacial and L'Humanité . In 2006 he also worked for Charlie Hebdo when Val had the Mohammed cartoons reprinted in the right-wing Danish Jyllands-Posten . Charlie Hebdo fought in court for the right to make fun of any religious figure. After the departure of Philippe Val in May 2009, Charbonnier took over the reins with the intention of breathing the old subversive spirit back into Charlie Hebdo .

Editor-in-chief of Charlie Hebdo

His drawings, e.g. B. for the series Maurice et Patapon about a lustful , anarchist dog and an asexual - sadistic , fascist cat, both anti-capitalist like Charbonnier, were marked by caustic wit and disrespect. He also became known through Marcel Keuf , the policeman from the comic magazine Fluide glacial . Charbonnier's figures were often a bit ugly, colored yellow, fundamentally bad, stupid and cowardly. His column in Charlie Hebdo he called Charb n'aime pas les gens (dt .: Charb people do not like ). Every month he drew the satirical column La fatwa de l'Ayatollah Charb (German: The Fatwa of Ayatollah Charb ) in the magazine Fluide Glacial . In 2007 and 2008 he worked as a draftsman on the TV channel M6 for the program T'empêches tout le monde de dormir ( Eng : You keep everyone from sleeping! ) With Marc-Olivier Fogiel .

Protester with Charb quote in Paris on January 11, 2015

When the special edition Charia Hebdo was published in November 2011 with an "editor-in-chief Mohammed" on the election success of the Islamists in Tunisia and an arson attack was carried out on the editorial offices of the magazine, Charbonnier asked for financial support in a video in front of the rubble. His journalistic reply to this incident was the caricature of the artist Luz , which was placed on the title of the following issue and showed a Muslim with Takke and a caricaturist from the newspaper with a Charlie Hebdo T-shirt kissing with tongues. The headline read: “ L'amour plus fort que la haine ” (“Love is stronger than hate”). After this second affair over the Mohammed cartoons , which earned him death threats , Charbonnier said in an interview with the Moroccan magazine Tel Quel :

“Je suis sous protection policière depuis un an, depuis l'affaire Charia Hebdo . C'est lourd au quotidien, surtout à Paris, d'être sans arrêt sous surveillance. Corn je n'ai pas peur des représailles. Je n'ai pas de gosses, pas de femme, pas de voiture, pas de credit. Ça fait sûrement un peu pompeux, mais je préfère mourir debout que vivre à genoux. »

“I have been under police protection for a year since the Sharia Hebdo affair . It is difficult to be under constant surveillance in everyday life, especially in Paris. But I am not afraid of reprisals. I have no children, no wife, no car, no credit. It certainly sounds a little pompous, but I prefer to die standing instead of living on my knees. "

Politically, Charbonnier was a long-time supporter of the Parti communiste français and the Front de gauche , an amalgamation of left-wing parties in the 2009 European elections and the 2010 French regional elections. Charbonnier also campaigned for the Kurds' efforts for freedom . He always described himself as an atheist , but not Islamophobic , judeophobic , cathophobic or Buddhistophobic. He saw himself as a defender of the secularism enshrined in the French constitution (realizing the separation of church and state), which he saw as a constitutional achievement, against a climate of religious or other doctrinal intransigence .

Charbonnier always emphasized the difference between the violent Islamists and the totality of Muslims. He described the US-produced film Innocence of Muslims from 2012, which led to violent protests in some Islamic countries with several deaths, as “ monumentally bad ”. Charbonnier mocked the film by drawing a cover for Charlie Hebdo under the heading "Intouchables 2", an allusion to the tragicomic French film Pretty Best Friends (original title: Intouchables , French for The Untouchables ). The caricature shows an old Jew pushing an old Muslim in a wheelchair in front of him. A speech bubble above them reads: “ You shouldn't make fun of yourself. "

In March 2013, Charbonnier was one of ten people on a death list for the online magazine Inspire , which is operated by the al-Qaeda subsidiary al-Qaeda in Yemen .

death

Charbonnier was shot dead by two French Islamist terrorists on January 7, 2015. The attack on the editorial offices of Charlie Hebdo also killed the illustrators Jean Cabut , Bernard Verlhac , Philippe Honoré and Georges Wolinski , the co-founder of Attac France and co-owner of the magazine Bernard Maris , the columnist Elsa Cayat , the editor Mustapha Ourrad, the journalist Michel Renaud and the maintenance technician Fréderic Boisseau and the two police officers Franck Brinsolaro and Ahmed Merabet. On the same day one of his last caricatures appeared in the current issue of the satirical magazine, with the headline “ No assassinations in France yet ” and an armed Islamist's drawn reply: “ Wait and see. You have until the end of January to deliver your holiday greetings. "

More than 3.7 million people took part in the memorial marches for the deaths of the Charlie Hebdo attacks in France. In Paris alone, up to 1.6 million people gathered on January 11, 2015 for the central “Republican March” commemorative rally, the highest number since the end of the Second World War. Heads of state and government also took to the streets in Paris, including President François Hollande and Chancellor Angela Merkel . Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu lined up a few meters from Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas . The day before there was a large rally with 700,000 participants. In many other major European cities, too, tens of thousands of people showed solidarity with the victims of the attack and demonstrated for tolerance, democracy and freedom of expression.

After his death it became known that Jeannette Bougrab , the former youth state secretary under Nicolas Sarkozy ( UMP ), had been his partner. Laurent Charbonnier, the brother of the victim, contradicted this representation on behalf of the family by saying that there was no steady relationship between Bougrab and his brother and that the family did not want them to each other, in whatever way , further in the media to Charbonnier outer.

Charbonnier was buried in Pontoise . Caricaturist Luz , doctor and freelance columnist Patrick Pelloux and Jean-Luc Mélenchon spoke at the funeral service . Justice Minister Christiane Taubira , Najat Vallaud-Belkacem , Minister for National Education and Fleur Pellerin , Minister for Culture and Communication were present.

Three months after his death, the news magazine L'Obs published excerpts from the book Lettre aux escrocs de l'islamophobie qui font le jeu des racistes ("Open letter to the pretenders of Islamophobia who play the game of racists") on the Charbonnier had worked shortly before his death. In it he rejected the charge of Islamophobia. For example, one could understand the Mohammed caricatures with a bomb on his head as denouncing the "instrumentalization of religion by terrorists", but the media were mainly interested in the extent to which the drawings represent an insult to Muslims. Among the critics of the caricatures, Charb noted the “despicable paternalism of the bourgeois, white, left intellectual”.

Works

Poster for the movement Mouvement contre le racisme et pour l'amitié entre les peuples (Eng .: Movement against racism and for friendship between peoples ) from 2000: “I would hire you, but I like the color ... uh ... not her tie "
  • Je suis très tolérant ( Eng .: I am very tolerant ), MC Productions / Charb, 1996
  • Maurice et Patapon , tomes I (2005) II (2006), III (2007), IV (2009) éditions Hoebeke
  • Attention ça tache , Casterman, 2004 (with an appreciation from Philippe Geluck )
  • Charb n'aime pas les gens: chroniques politiques, 1996–2002 , Agone, 2002
  • with Catherine Meurisse , Riss , Luz , Tignous and Jul : Mozart qu'on assassine , Albin Michel, 2006
  • J'aime pas les fumeurs ( Eng .: I don't like smokers ), Hoëbeke, 2007
  • with Patrick Pelloux : J'aime pas la retraite (Eng .: I don't like retirement ), 2008
  • C'est la Faute à la société , editions 12 bis, 2008
  • Dico Sarko ( Eng .: Sarkos dictionary ), éditions 12 bis, 2008
  • Le Petit Livre rouge de Sarko ( Eng .: Sarko's little red book ), éditions 12 bis, 2009
  • with Antonio Fischetti : Eternuer dans le chou-fleur et autres métaphores sexuelles à travers le monde ( Eng .: Sneezing into the cauliflower and other sexual metaphors around the world ), éditions Les Échappés, 2009
  • with Daniel Bensaïd : Marx, mode d'emploi (German: Marx, instructions for use ), éditions La Découverte, 2009
  • with Catherine Meurisse, Riss and Luz: Le Cahier de vacances de Charlie Hebdo (English: Das Charlie Hebdo Ferienheft ), éditions Les Échappés, 2009
  • Les Fatwas de Charb (English: Charbs Fatwas ), éditions Les Échappés, 2009
  • C'est pas là qu'on fait caca! Maurice et Patapon pour enfants ( Eng .: This is not where we went poop! ), Éditions Les Échappés, 2010
  • Les dictons du jour, agenda 2011 , éditions Les Échappés, 2010
  • Sarko, le kit de survie (Eng .: Sarko, the survival kit ), éditions 12 bis, 2010
  • Marcel Keuf, le flic (German: Marcel Keuf, the bull ), éditions Les Échappés, 2011
  • La salle des profs (English: the teachers' room ), editions 12 bis, 2012
  • Lettre aux escrocs de l'islamophobie qui font le jeu des racistes , éditions Les Échappés, Lettre A, 2015 (posthumous). German translation: Letter to the hypocrites. And how they play into the hands of the racists . Stuttgart 2015, ISBN 978-3-608-50229-9

Charbonnier has also illustrated the Petit cours d'autodéfense intellectuelle ( Eng .: Small Course in Intellectual Self-Defense ) by Normand Baillargeon and the Petit cours d'autodéfense en économie ( Eng .: Small Course in Economic Self-Defense ) by Jim Stanford (éditions Lux) .

Web links

Commons : Stéphane Charbonnier  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Luc Le Vaillant: Charb. Charlie en jeune. Liberation , May 20, 2009, accessed January 8, 2015 (French).
  2. ↑ a b c d He would have laughed , taz , January 9, 2015.
  3. ↑ What It Means to Be a Cartoonist in France
  4. ↑ Upright, fearless, radical
  5. ↑ a b Karim Boukhari: Charb, director de Charlie Hebdo: "Je suis athée, pas islamophobe". Telquel , January 7, 2015, accessed January 8, 2015 (French, republication of an interview from 2012).
  6. ^ Sylvia Zappi: Le soutien des intellectuels divise la gauche de la gauche. Le Monde , June 3, 2009, accessed on January 8, 2015 (French, also available in the Süddeutsche Zeitung of June 4, 2009, p. 11).
  7. ^ Charb: Charb "Les Kurdes nous défendent tous". L'Humanité , October 22, 2014, accessed January 8, 2015 (French).
  8. ↑ Look Who's on Al Qaeda's Most-Wanted List
  9. ↑ “Charlie Hebdo”: Charb “mérite le Panthéon”, selon Jeannette Bougrab, sa compagne , francetvinfo.fr, January 8, 2015 (French)
  10. ↑ The last caricature of the boss of "Charlie Hebdo"
  11. ^ Le Parisien : Jeannette Bougrab, compagne de Charb: "Ils méritent le Panthéon" .
  12. ↑ Samuel Auffray, Ariane Kujawski, EN DIRECT - 7.10pm: Jeannette Bougrab, compagne de Charb: “ils méritent le Panthéon” , BFM TV , January 8, 2015.
  13. ↑ Eric Feferberg, La famille de Charb dément l '“engagement relationnel” du dessinateur avec Jeannette Bougrab , L'Express , January 10, 2015 (French)
  14. ↑ Dernier hommage à Charb, ancien directeur de la publication de “Charlie Hebdo” , Le Monde, January 16, 2015
  15. ↑ "You say you're Charlie - Prove it!" Euronews.com, Jan. 16, 2015.
  16. ^ First excerpts from Charbonnier book published. In: handelsblatt.com . April 15, 2015, accessed March 17, 2019 .
  17. ↑ partial preprint in: Der Spiegel, issue 30, July 18, 2015, pp. 114–115 ( online ), see also FAZ.net and taz.de
personal data
SURNAME Charbonnier, Stéphane
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Charb
BRIEF DESCRIPTION French comic artist, caricaturist and journalist
DATE OF BIRTH August 21, 1967
PLACE OF BIRTH Conflans-Sainte-Honorine , France
DATE OF DEATH January 7, 2015
Place of death Paris , France