Charlotte Landé

The newly qualified Charlotte Landé, photo around 1915

Charlotte Landé (born May 25, 1890 in Elberfeld , † September 19, 1977 in Oberursel ; also: Lotte Landé , Charlotte Czempin , Lotte Czempin , Lottie Champain and Lotte Champain ) was a German pediatrician, city ​​doctor (1928-1933) and school doctor from Frankfurt am Main as well as (social) medical author. She belonged to the first generation of women who passed their medical state exams in Germany. She was removed from office by the National Socialists .

family

From left: the younger brother Franz , the mother Thekla and Charlotte in the garden of the family estate in Elberfeld , around 1905

Charlotte Landé was born in the German Empire as the second of four children into a liberal, open-minded, bourgeois family of Jewish origin, which was influenced by the understanding of socialism at the time , but had no religious ties.

Her father Hugo (1859-1936) was a respected lawyer and active social democrat , whose political activity was noticed by Friedrich Engels and Karl Kautsky . In 1909 he moved into the Elberfeld city parliament as one of the first social democrats. In the summer of 1919 he was parliamentary group leader of the SPD in the Elberfeld city council and regional president in Düsseldorf. Charlotte's mother Thekla (1864-1932) was also a member of the Social Democratic Party and, like her husband, became a city councilor in 1919. She was the first female MP in the Rhineland and focused on welfare and the education of girls and women.

Charlotte's eldest brother Alfred (1888–1976) studied theoretical physics, the younger brother Franz (1893–1942) initially studied law and economics. In Berlin, Franz also attended courses in music theory with Wilhelm Klatte at the Stern Conservatory and finally decided to focus on music. The younger sister Eva (1901–1977) also did her Abitur as an external student at the Odenwald School and became a teacher, first at the reform pedagogical New School Hellerau in Dresden-Hellerau , later at an elementary school in Chemnitz . Since 1933 she lived in exile with her family.

schooldays

Charlotte, named in the Lotte family, attended the secondary school for nine years (also: Sarress School) in the western part of Elberfeld. Afterwards, over the course of four years, she completed a three-hour high school afternoon course that her mother had launched for ten girls between the ages of 15 and 25, an initiative that was not unusual at the time, as girls did not yet have access to high schools. The lessons were held by open-minded teachers from the Elberfeld municipal grammar school, and the laboratories of the grammar school were made available for the natural sciences. At Easter 1909, Charlotte Landé received the certificate of maturity at the Realgymnasium in Remscheid as an external student .

Education

General Hospital Altona , where Charlotte Landé completed a clinical internship during the 1912 summer break

In the summer semester of 1909 she began studying human medicine at the Ludwig Maximilians University in Munich . In the summer semester of 1910, Charlotte moved to Heidelberg University . She returned to Munich for the winter semester of 1910/11 and shared her room with her older brother Alfred for the next two semesters. In the summer of 1911, after five preclinical semesters, she took her physics course and went to the Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Berlin for the first clinical semester . During the percussion and auscultation course , she drew attention to herself through her hearing, trained by music, and her extraordinary ability to describe what was heard. The clinician Gustav von Bergmann (1878–1955) took her to the Altona General Hospital during the summer break of 1912 , where she was able to do an internship. In the summer semester of 1913, Charlotte Landé began her dissertation and worked as a clerk at the Romberg'schen Klinik in Munich. On May 19, 1914, Landé passed her state examination with the grade "very good". Around the same time, she submitted her dissertation on “The Palpability of the Arteries”, which was published in the same year in the German Archive for Clinical Medicine. The licensing regulations following, completed Landé following her practical year as Medizinalpraktikantin which could serve in the Romberg'schen clinic in mid 1914, where they had already been working as Famula.

However, this situation changed completely with the outbreak of the First World War . The need of the Reichswehr for medical personnel became a priority, so that numerous medical doctors of the reserve were called up. The practical year was canceled, and the Federal Council resolution of August 6, 1914 on the “emergency license” shortened the time to take the state examination to two days. For Landé this meant that she was approved on August 1, 1914 after only a two-month medical internship.

Professional and personal development

Photo from May 25, 1918, at the time of the First World War on the occasion of her 28th birthday while working as a doctor in the Kaiserin-Auguste-Victoria-Haus in Berlin

Munich

The war caused a considerable shortage of staff at the clinics. The twenty-four-year-old Landé had to maintain the operation of the Munich University Clinic until Christmas 1914 as an assistant doctor together with a colleague, an assistant doctor who was not fit for military service, a senior physician and the chief physician Ernst von Romberg (1865-1933). During this period, Charlotte Landé thought about the subject in which to train. She chose one of her favorite subjects during her studies, paediatrics .

Goettingen

At the end of 1914, Landé moved from Munich to the Göttingen University Children's Hospital. The vacant position as an assistant doctor there from January 1, 1915 due to the lack of male colleagues was obtained through the mediation of her older brother Alfred, who at the time was employed as a university assistant for the Göttingen mathematician David Hilbert . Despite her heavy workload, she used her time in Göttingen to do scientific work.

Berlin (1)

In the Kaiserin-Auguste-Victoria-Haus in Berlin-Charlottenburg, Charlotte Landé produced a large number of scientific works

Charlotte Landé (fourth from left) with her medical colleagues at the Kaiserin-Auguste-Viktoria-Haus in Berlin, 1917–1920

On the recommendation of the Göttingen chief physician Friedrich Göppert (1870-1927), Landé joined Leopold Langstein (1876-1933) on April 1, 1917 as an assistant doctor in the Kaiserin-Auguste-Victoria-Haus in Berlin, a photo of her among them Colleagues can be found via the individual records. The KAVH, which opened in 1909, assumed a pioneering and role model function in the fight against the high infant mortality rate in the German Reich . During her time at the KAVH, Landé was able to move into an official apartment on the premises. Langstein promoted the scientific work of his assistants by making secretaries available to them for several hours a day. The number of scientific and popular scientific publications by Charlotte Landé during her time at the KAVH was correspondingly high with 21 papers. On March 31, 1920, Landé finished her work at the KAVH.

Wroclaw

Charlotte Landé, photo presumably In the early 1920s in Wroclaw

With a highly commendable recommendation from Langstein, Landé switched to a position as a secondary doctor under Walther Freund (1874–1952) at the municipal nursery and children's shelter in Breslau on June 1, 1920 . There she also became a doctor at the welfare office.

Due to her work, which was mainly carried out in Berlin for the Prussian midwifery textbook published this year on behalf of the Prussian Minister for Public Health, Adam Stegerwald , the minister of education offered her the title of professor , which she refused with the remark that this was not a scientific work; she would then be rightly called a midwife professor. In addition, the title of professor is a sign of age, a status that she has not yet achieved. At that time, titular professorships were only given to people who were not eligible for a university career. Landé wanted to keep this option open so that her scientific achievements would be taken seriously.

In the same year, Landé joined the SPD on the advice of friends, a positive vote for the Weimar Republic . However, she left the party in 1921. On September 30, 1922, she gave up the job in Breslau and returned to Berlin to gain experience with older children.

Berlin (2)

The Kaiser and Kaiserin Friedrich Children's Hospital in Berlin-Wedding, around 1890, in which Charlotte Landé worked from 1922

On October 1, 1922, she took up her new position as first assistant doctor at the Kaiser- und Kaiserin-Friedrich Children's Hospital (KKFK) under Heinrich Finkelstein (1865-1942). The children's clinic was opened in 1890 and was considered one of the most modern children's hospitals in the German Empire. After a total of twelve years of professional training as a pediatrician and scientific work at various university clinics as well as 25 publications in specialist journals, Charlotte Landé ended her work in Berlin at the beginning of 1926. Despite excellent reviews and remarkable academic work, she had not progressed beyond the position of assistant doctor because of the discrimination against women. She was looking for a position that promised her more independence.

Frankfurt am Main (1)

On October 1, 1926, Landé was given the post of city assistant doctor at the City Health Office in Frankfurt. Just two years later, on April 1, 1928, she was appointed city doctor - a position with a high social reputation.

From April 10 to 13, 1929, as a member of a delegation from the Federation of German Doctors (BDÄ), she attended the congress of the Medical Women's International Association in the French capital, Paris, and reported on it in the BDÄ magazine “Die Doctor". In May 1930, Landé took part in a group for fifteen days on a medical study tour through the Soviet Union, to Moscow, Leningrad, then to Latvia and Lithuania. Among other things, the famous Pavlov Institute, maternity centers, abortion clinics, day nurseries and day nurseries, a night sanatorium for tuberculosis sufferers, workers' clubs, a modern collective house and prisons were visited. Also in 1930, Landé advocated a ban on child labor, adequate pay for working women, state child benefits, pregnant women and maternal care, as well as screening tests for children and adolescents at the Reich Conference of the Association of Socialist Doctors (VSÄ) in Chemnitz. On December 6th and 7th of the same year, during the Naumburg meeting of the BDÄ, Landé called for an extension of the indications previously contained in Paragraph 218 in view of the abortions, which are often carried out under miserable conditions .

In 1931, the 41-year-old Charlotte Landé met the 24-year-old Frankfurt Herbert Czempin (born March 31, 1907, † March 14, 1992) through mutual acquaintances ; both made friends. He was a skilled decorator (z. B. in Frankfurt kaufhaus wronker and its annex in Aschaffenburg and in Pforzheim and Berlin) and had at Hoch Conservatory vocal training as a tenor at Rolf Ligniez completed. The basis of the friendship was initially a shared passion for classical music. In her apartment, for example, Landé subsequently organized a charity concert for the benefit of the “poor artist”. Despite numerous loosening of social conventions during the Weimar Republic compared with the imperial era, such a serious age discrepancy for a couple was still a social affront, especially because in this case the woman was the older. The prerequisites for a relationship that was respected by the social environment were extremely unfavorable.

On November 2, 1931, the city doctor Landé was raised to civil servant status by a resolution of the magistrate and employed for life.

A public lecture on the subject of “Problems of Unmarried Women” given by Charlotte Landé on January 5, 1932 as part of the exhibition “Women in Need” was taken up by the regional press and discussed controversially. The National Socialists attacked her sharply in this context, the realistic image of women described by Landé did not correspond to the role of the "German woman" intended by the Nazis. An official investigation by the city was carried out.

In this lecture, Landé advocated an improvement in the social conditions of unmarried women and illegitimate children, a perception of sexual contacts and masturbation by unmarried women with correspondingly strong sexual needs, taking into account the associated risks, as well as an amendment to Paragraph 218 and finally noted these Self-evident human demands are currently only being implemented with great energy and at a rapid pace in socialist Russia.

On January 12, 1932, City Councilor Lange, who was supported by the National Socialists, requested in an urgent motion that “Dr. Landé immediately released from her position as a school doctor ”, since her statements“ seriously injure moral feelings and ... represent a moral hazard for the numerous young listeners ”.

A detailed examination of the facts, which included a hearing of witnesses, did not reveal any validity of the allegations made against Landé, especially since the press reports were sometimes tendentious and falsified. The elders' committee of the Frankfurt magistrate and finally also the city council came to the majority decision "that city doctors who are in the service of the entire citizenry must impose the restraint in public lectures that is necessary so that the feeling of dissenters is not hurt."

Her mother Thekla died in the same year.

After the power fraudulently obtaining the Nazis which came already on 7 April 1933 Law for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service into force. On this basis, undesirable persons could be removed from the public service for political or “racial” reasons. Paragraph 3 of this law regulates retirement based on “non-Aryan descent”. According to Paragraph 4, “civil servants who, after their previous political activities, cannot guarantee that they will stand up unreservedly for the national state at all times” could be dismissed from service.

Landé was one of the first to be affected by the wave of Nazi layoffs. As early as March 31, 1933, she received a letter from the mayor Friedrich Krebs (1894–1961), who was initially appointed provisional, stating: “You are hereby granted leave of absence with immediate effect until further notice with the stipulation that you are entitled to all further official acts have contained ".

On May 2nd Herbert Czempin's father Max , a Jewish trade unionist from the Association of Graphic Workers, had to flee in the course of the persecution and arrest of trade unionists by the SA . Herbert Czempin was interrogated several times by the SA and threatened with being held hostage if his father was not found. He, his sister and his mother were placed under house arrest by the SA. On May 4, the father was discovered in a Frankfurt hotel, and the SA later announced that he had committed suicide. The exact or actual circumstances of death are still not clear, instead the information from the SA has been updated to this day.

It was not until June 1933 that Landé received the request to fill out and return the "Questionnaire for the implementation of the law for the restoration of the civil service of 7 April 1933". Although no discharge had yet taken place, the personnel department of the magistrate received a note on June 20, 1933 with the wording: “Dismantling of a city doctor position - the position of Fraulein Dr. Landé should no longer be occupied in the future. Miss Landé is non-Aryan. She was employed for life. The decision of the competent authority remains to be seen ”.

In the summer of 1933, at a time that had become completely incalculable for both partners, Herbert Czempin and Charlotte Landé became engaged.

In a letter dated July 7, 1933, the mayor proposed to the district president to dismiss the city doctor Landé as politically unreliable in accordance with Section 4; alternatively, she could also retire according to Section 3, Paragraph 1, due to her non-Aryan descent. In order to justify Landé's dismissal and to prove her national unreliability, reference was also made to the case, which had already been completed in February 1932, about the presentation she had given. The Prussian Minister of the Interior, Wilhelm Frick , dismissed the city doctor Lotte Landé on August 8, 1933. At the same time, she was forbidden to “enter the offices of her employing body and the supervisory authority”. In a letter dated October 10, 1933, she was informed that she would not be granted a pension and that all emoluments would be suspended from December 1, 1933.

In August 1933, Charlotte Landé traveled by train to a last family reunion in Geneva, in French-speaking Switzerland , where her father and younger brother Franz had fled from the Nazis in May, and reported there about their engagement. The younger sister Eva also found herself there; in the past few months she and her baby had been looking for refuge from Chemnitz, initially with her sister in Frankfurt am Main, before she emigrated to Switzerland with her child . The oldest brother Alfred had already accepted an offer to the USA in 1929. The family was shocked by their relationship and engagement to a man seventeen years her junior. The father insisted on a longer engagement period so that both could examine each other.

After the complete destruction of her professional career, Charlotte Landé was forced to open a small private practice. She moved from the previously used private apartment at Feyerleinstrasse 6 in Frankfurt's Nordend district to Bornheim and opened her practice there at the test item, at Usinger Strasse 7. She maintained this from November 1933 to May 1934 on conditions that were unable to guarantee her livelihood. Since April 22, 1933, “non-Aryan” doctors had lost their health insurance license so that the practice could not be operated economically, even in view of the increasing stigmatization of Jews.

On March 29, 1934, she married Herbert Wilhelm Joseph Czempin, whose profession is specified in the marriage certificate of the registry office in Frankfurt am Main as a Jewish cantor . Witnesses were the husband's sister, Emmy Czempin, and Hilde Kampffmeyer, widow of the land and social reformer Hans Kampffmeyer .

Berlin (3)

Charlotte Czempin, b. Landé, portrait photo around 1934, taken in Frankfurt am Main or Berlin, after she was discharged as a Frankfurt city ​​doctor by the National Socialists, around the time of her wedding

After her practice closed, Charlotte Czempin moved to Berlin on June 7, 1934. Herbert Czempin had found a job there as 1st chorister with the Kulturbund Deutscher Juden on November 1st, 1933 . The couple lived in Schöneberg , Luitpoldstrasse 31.

From June 15, Charlotte Czempin taught at the Jewish Kindergarten Teachers' Seminar in the subject of health care, but only for two hours a week. From autumn of the same year she opened a private practice. Without the health insurance license, which was no longer available for Jewish doctors, only Jewish patients were allowed to be treated privately; at the same time, however, many of the financially better off Jews left the country. An economical practical operation again proved to be impracticable, the private savings had to be used up gradually for a living.

In May 1935, shortly before her 45th birthday, Charlotte Czempin suffered a miscarriage. On September 14, 1936, her father Hugo committed suicide in Switzerland; the political developments in the German Reich and his exile had worn the committed social democrat down. Immediately afterwards, in October 1936, Charlotte Czempin traveled to the United States for three months to prepare for her own emigration. Her older brother Alfred, who had been living there since 1929, took on the affidavit of support for his sister, which could only be issued by a US citizen, but refused to draw one for her husband Herbert. In the last quarter of 1936, Charlotte Czempin decided to emigrate on her own. In February 1937 she emigrated to the United States with the amount of 10 Reichsmarks in her pocket permitted by the German Reich - without her husband. This was probably made possible by a limited “non-quota visa”, which either referred to the recognition of her highly qualified scientific work or that of her older brother, who taught and researched at Ohio State University as a “full professor”.

Chicago, Illinois

The German license to practice medicine was not recognized in the USA, and the general economic situation in the country was extremely bad as a result of the Great Depression . In March 1937, Charlotte Czempin was given the opportunity to work as a part-time assistant at the Chicago Tuberculosis Institute in Chicago , Illinois . From May of the same year she switched to a temporary job as a nurse in the city health department.

With the help of her income, she succeeded in having her husband Herbert follow suit in June 1937, probably again through the use of a non-quota visa for highly qualified scientists that could be transferred to family members. He was no longer able to practice his profession as a singer of German songs and oratorios in the USA due to a lack of demand and equity capital; a lack of English language skills only allowed unskilled work as a handyman, construction worker, factory worker and salesman. In the summer the couple was able to have Herbert's sister Emmy (* 1902) and mother Anna Maria (* 1877) come to the USA; Emmy contributed to the family support through her own work, the mother was already too old.

The surname Czempin turned out to be too bulky for the English language in terms of both spelling and phonetics, so it was changed to Champain. Her first name Charlotte or Lotte became Lottie, his middle name Wilhelm became William.

Since the German license to practice medicine was not recognized, Lottie Champain had to complete the state board examination of the State of Illinois in order to receive the license in 1938 to be allowed to work as a doctor again. Both the English language and her meanwhile reached age of 47 represented a special challenge and additional burden in addition to the daily work. However, as a former student at a German secondary school for girls, she was fortunate in that she already knew English - quite the opposite to German boys of the time, who were mostly taught in the old language.

However, the “license” alone was not enough to be allowed to work as a doctor in the USA. Acquiring US citizenship was another requirement. In 1938, the couple received their residence permit ("permanent resident license"). In April 1939, Lottie Champain lost her fixed-term position in the public health department, which was not included in the budget of the office, when corruption proceedings were opened against the chief officer. In September 1939, she gave up hope of her promised reinstatement soon, borrowed the necessary funds and opened a private practice. For the third time, this project turned out to be uneconomical, so in 1940 she had to take out a loan again on very unfavorable terms.

Dixon, Illinois

For the second time after 1914, Lottie Champain benefited from a considerable shortage of medical personnel caused by the entry of many doctors into the US armed forces. In April 1941, she was hired as a pediatrician by Dixon State Hospital in Dixon , Lee County, Illinois , although she had not yet acquired US citizenship. Fifteen years after completing her career as a clinician in 1926, Lottie Champain was again working as a doctor in a children's ward. Her starting salary, however, was hardly higher than when she was a nurse in Chicago. On May 27, 1943, she received US citizenship and was then permanently employed. After that, their earnings increased significantly, making it possible to repay the loans they had taken out. Husband Herbert received US citizenship the following year. However, like many older emigrants, she was unable to build on her previous social and professional status in her home country. As a “junior physician” in the USA, she remained below her actual qualifications and only had a single opportunity to revive her previously extensive scientific work eleven years after immigration. In 1948 she published an article in a US pediatric journal. Lottie Champaign retired on March 31, 1950, at the age of 60. The real purchasing power of the US dollar had declined by a third to half in the period between 1941 and 1950 due to the country's entry into the war and the consequential costs, and the standard of living fell by a comparable amount.

Estes Park, Colorado

The couple moved from the US state of Illinois to Colorado , on the foothills of the Rocky Mountains to Estes Park , and there purchased a piece of land on Longs Peak Road on which they had a modest house built. From 1951, they both looked after a foster child, Elizabeth Watson. Herbert's mother Anna Maria died in 1952.

On September 19, 1952, the couple applied for redress for the injustice suffered by the National Socialists through their US lawyer Henry Osmond in Germany. The reparation notice for Charlotte was issued by the municipal authorities of Frankfurt am Main on April 21, 1953, and another on April 16, 1958 by the Berlin State Compensation Office. Her husband Herbert's application, on the other hand, was rejected on the grounds that he could not prove any persecution by the Nazis, as he had given his own initiative to quit his position at the Kulturbund Deutscher Juden before emigrating. His personal threat from the SA from 1933, the death of his father due to persecution and the prospect of physical annihilation threatening all Germans of Jewish origin were completely ignored in the reparation proceedings.

In 1959, on the initiative of the husband, the property and house in Estes Park were sold and they returned to Germany together.

Frankfurt am Main (2)

The decisive factor for this is likely to have been the age of the significantly younger husband. At the age of 52, on the basis of his original musical and artistic ambitions - which, due to his repertoire and his language skills, however, were not conceivable in the USA, but only in German-speaking countries - he still hoped for a certain chance of making a living in the economic miracle (Western) Germany.

Back at home, both of them revised their first names, Lottie and William (Herbert's middle name), which had been changed in the USA. These were Germanized back to Lotte and Wilhelm. The couple and their foster daughter were first taken in by the ophthalmologist Kalb, who was a friend of Lotte, in Frankfurt am Main. His daughter studied music at Frankfurt's Hoch'schem Conservatory , a renowned institution at which Lotte's husband worked as a vocal instructor from that time (around 1959).

Königstein im Taunus

With this he helped to finance the rest of his livelihood, so that from 1962 he was able to settle with Lotte and foster daughter in Königstein im Taunus at Hainerbergweg 5, in the immediate vicinity of Frankfurt. During their time in Königstein, the couple looked after four "nervous" (behavioral) children, for the retired Lotte a continuation of her previous commitment. The offer of a teaching position at the Frankfurt University of Music and Performing Arts by Philipp Mohler turned down Lotte's husband. In the following years, there were private vacation trips, which led to various mountain regions, mainly to the Bavarian, Austrian and Italian Alps , but also to Israel. For example, the couple supported the child and youth alijah with financial donations. A friendly relationship arose through very similar characters, interests and careers to the tenor and university professor Herbert Hess , and good collegial contact with the violinist and university professor Alois Kottmann .

Oberursel (Taunus)

In 1969 the couple moved to Oberursel (Taunus) at Aumühlenstraße 10, just a few kilometers from Königstein, also near the city of Frankfurt am Main. For reasons of age, Lotte no longer looked after children here. Nevertheless, various children frequented the household for longer periods of time, sometimes also on the occasion of vacation stays and city trips, e.g. B. to Hindelang in the Allgäu and the Kleinwalsertal (Vorarlberg) in Austria or to Pforzheim and Idar-Oberstein. Her husband regularly received opera singers in the large shared apartment to train their voices, which they perceive as a technical preparation for their performances, so that Lotte met Agnes Baltsa and Ileana Cotrubaș, among others . A friendly relationship developed with the women and their partners, including the conductor Manfred Ramin . In 1977, at the suggestion of her husband Herbert, autobiographical tape recordings were made, which supplement the files. Lotte Champain-Landé died of colon cancer on September 19 of the same year at the age of 87. She was buried in the Oberursel main cemetery. Her husband died on March 14, 1992 at the age of 84.

Engagement in clubs and associations

Charlotte Landé was briefly a member of the SPD Breslau (1920-1921), active in the Association of Socialist Doctors (VSÄ) and from 1928 to 1930 on the federal board of the Federation of German Doctors (BDÄ) and chairman of its local group in Frankfurt am Main. It lost this function through the exclusion of "non-Aryan" (Nazi diction) members in the summer of 1933.

Publications (selection)

• About the palpability of the arteries. Munich, Diss. Med. V. 1914
• On the case history and therapy of rumination in infancy (Mschr. Kinderhk. 14 (1916) .S. ??. According to: Münchner Medizinische Wochenschrift 64 (1917), p. 452)
• Clinical considerations on the appearance and aftermath of a severe measles epidemic in Göttingen (Mschr. Kinderhk. 14 (1916) p. ??, No. 2. According to: Münch. Med. Wschr. 64 (1917), p. 182)
• Primary nasal diphtheria in infancy and childhood (Jahrb. Kinderhk., Vol. 36, H. 1.S. ??. According to: Münch. Med. Wschr. 64 (1917), p. 1434)
• The diagnosis of primary nasal and skin diphtheria in infancy and childhood (Berl. Klin Wschr., No. 51, 1917. According to: Münch. Med. Wschr. 65 (1918), p. 25)
• Dextrocardia due to blistered malformation of the lungs (In: Zentralbl. Gyn. 1918, No. 18. According to: Münch. Med. Wschr. 65 (1918), p. 573) and: in: Zschr. F. Paediatrics, Vol. 17, Orig., H. 3/4, S: 245-254, based on: Anatomischer Anzeiger Vol. 51 (1918/19), p. 9
• Development and fate of those born in the Kaiserin-Auguste-Victoria-Haus. Children. (Contributions to the physiology, pathology and social hygiene of childhood ad Kaiserin-Auguste-Victoria-Haus to combat infant mortality in the German Empire (1919). Pp. 1-74)
• Contribution to the hematology, etiology and therapy of premature birth anemia (Zschr. Kinderhk. 1920, No. 25. pp. 295–336. According to: Münch. Med. Wschr. 67 (1920), p. 852)
• On the aetiology and therapy of dystrophy in the 2nd to 4th year of life (Zschr. Kinderhk., Vol. 39, H. 5. S. 495-515. According to: Münch. Med. Wschr. 72 (1925), p. 1533)
• To the clinic and diagnosis d. Skin diphtheria in childhood. (Results of internal medicine and paediatrics, 14th year (19 ??) pp. 715–746)
• The ether treatment of whooping cough (Therapy of the Present 65 Vol. 19 ?? p. 61)
• The importance of the vitamin content of food for nutritional disorders and developmental disorders of the child ( German Medical Wochenschrift 52 (1926) 1388-1390)
• For iron therapy of premature birth anemia (Kinderkrhs.) (Zschr. Kinderhk. 1927, vol. 42. pp. 349–54. According to: Münch. Med. Wschr. 74 (1927), p. 697)
• Infantile dystrophia musculorum progressiva combined with dystrophia adiposo-genitalis. (Zschr. Für Kinderheilkunde 42nd Vol. (1927) pp. 355-60)
• On the criticism of the etiological overestimation of birth trauma (Zschr. Kinderhk. 1928, Vol. 44. pp. 535–545. According to: Münch. Med. Wschr. 75 (1928), p. 367)
• School doctor care for mentally and intellectually abnormal children (Ärztin 5 (1929), no. 5, pp. 87-90)
• Obituary for Anna Edinger. (Mschr. Dtsch. Ärztinnen 6 (1930), pp. 58–59)
• Health policy demands for mother and child (Soc. Doctor 6 (1930), No. 1, pp. 8-10)
• Friedrich Froebel and Montessori. (Pediatric practice, 2nd volume 1931, pp. 495–501)
• Report on the II. International Conference for Social Work in Frankfurt / M. from July 11 to 14, 1932 (Doctor 8 (1932), no. 9, pp. 204–206)
• Dismantling d. Health care and its danger to the caregiver profession. (Progress in health care 7th vol. 1933. pp. 48–51)
• Medical care considerations on the question of housing (Ärztin 7 (1941), no. 5, pp. 111–115)
• Clinical Signs and Development of Survivors of Kernicterus due to RH Sensitization. (In: The Journal of Pediatrics . Vol. 32, January - June, 1948, pp. 693–705)

literature

Contemporary publications

• Problems of the Unmarried Woman . In: Arbeiterzeitung, January 7, 1932
• The Bolshevik Jewish Art Exhibition . In: Frankfurter Volksblatt, January 10, 1932
• City doctor Landé: Problems of the unmarried woman . In: Frankfurter Volksblatt, January 13, 1932
• Black paws against Dr. Landé . In: Arbeiterzeitung, January 28, 1932
• German women and Jewish “art” and “science” . In: Frankfurter Volksblatt, February 20, 1932
• "Women in Need" before the Elders Committee. KPD, SPD and democrats in one front - the magistrate protects Dr. Landé . In: Frankfurter Volksblatt, February 28, 1932
• Charlotte Landé . In: Cummulated Index Medicus 1927–1945.
• Arvo Ylppö : “My life among young and old”. Hansisches Verlagkontor , Lübeck 1987. ISBN 3-87302-035-1 , p. 44.

Historical and medical historical studies

• Stephan Leibfried, Florian Tennstedt : Professional bans and social policy, 1933. The effects of the National Socialist seizure of power on the health insurance administration and the statutory health insurance physicians . University of Bremen 1980. ISBN 3-88722-031-5 , p. 234.
• S. Drexler, S. Kalinski, H. Mausbach: Ärztliches Schicksal 1933–1945 . Verlag für Akademische Schriften, Frankfurt am Main 1990, ISBN 3-88864-025-3 .
• Leonore Ballowitz (Hrsg.): Series of publications on the history of paediatrics - From the archive of the Kaiserin-Auguste-Victoria-Haus Berlin , issue 8, Humana Milchwerke Westfalen, Herford 1991, p. 61.
• Christine Backhaus-Lautenschläger: “And stood your wife” - the fate of German-speaking women emigrants in the USA after 1933 . Centaurus-Verlagsgesellschaft, Pfaffenweiler 1991, ISBN 3-89085-497-4 , p. 67.
• Johanna Bleker , Sabine Schleiermacher: Doctors from the Empire. Beltz, Weinheim 2000, ISBN 3-89271-898-9 .
• Eduard Seidler : Pediatricians 1933–1945. Disenfranchised - fled - murdered . Bouvier-Verlag, Bonn 2000, ISBN 3-416-02919-4 , p. 261.
• Kristina Böhm: The pediatrician Lotte Landé, married. Czempin (1890–1977), stations and end of a social pediatric career in Germany . Pro Business Verlag, Berlin 2003, ISBN 3-937343-28-8 (also dissertation, Free University of Berlin).
• Elke Brychta, Anna-Maria Reinhold, Arno Meersmann: Courageous, argumentative, reformist. The Landés. Six biographies 1859–1977 . Klartext-Verlagsgesellschaft, Essen 2004, ISBN 3-89861-273-2 .
• Malgorzata Ciurkiewicz et al .: “... I'll still be a doctor!” Diaries of a generation . For: History competition of the Federal President 2004/05, 4th prize for the Liebig School, European School in Frankfurt am Main.
• Susanne Dettmer, Gabriele Kaczmarczyk: Career planning for women doctors . Springer Verlag, Berlin 2006, ISBN 3-540-25633-4 , p. 24.
• Thomas Lennert: Lotte Landé . In: Jewish doctors under National Socialism: disenfranchisement, expulsion, murder . Thomas Beddies, Susanne Doetz, Christoph Kopke (eds.): Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, ISBN 3-11-030605-0 , pp. 218–225.

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Doctors in the Empire. Lotte Czempin, b. Landé. Institute for the History of Medicine and Ethics in Medicine, Charité, 2015, accessed on April 20, 2018 . 
2. ↑ Neue Deutsche Biographie, Vol. 13, Berlin 1992, pp. 494/95
3. ↑ Kristina Böhm: Pediatrician and social politician: Charlotte (Lotte) Landé, married. Czempin. In: History in Wuppertal. 10 (2001), pp. 107-110
4. ↑ City Archives Frankfurt am Main: Municipal Personnel File 134.511, questionnaire for the recruitment examination at the City Health Office from August 27, 1926
5. ^ Herbert Champain: autobiographical tape recording with Charlotte Champain-Landé in Oberursel (Taunus), tape 1, 1977
6. ^ Karl Marx, Friedrich Engels, Institute marksizma-leninizma: manuscripts and editorial texts for the third book of "Capital": 1871 to 1895; Apparatus . 1st edition. Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 2003, ISBN 3-05-003733-4 , pp. 485–486 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
7. ↑ For Eva Landé see: Known members of the Association of German Teacher Emigrants: Eva Landé and Erich Stedeli
8. ↑ Photo (undated): Charlotte Landé (fourth from left) with her predominantly male colleagues at the Kaiserin-Auguste-Victoria-Haus, Berlin-Charlottenburg ( memento from April 15, 2013 in the web archive archive.today ) at: zeitzeichen.paritaet. org
9. ↑ "Kaiserin-Auguste-Victoria-Haus turns 100" on: charite.de
10. ^ Herbert Champain: autobiographical tape recording with Charlotte Champain-Landé in Oberursel (Taunus), tape 2, 1977
11. ^ Institute for City History Frankfurt am Main: Personal files 134,513; Questionnaire on the implementation of the law for the restoration of the civil service of 7 April 1933/12. June 1933
12. ^ Institute for City History Frankfurt am Main: Magistratakten Az. 7.113 Vol. 1 Landé dismissal of July 7, 1933
13. ↑ The Kaiser and Kaiserin Friedrich Children's Hospital - The Beginnings of Pediatrics in Berlin at: egzb.de
14. ↑ Architectural stages of the house - in the course of medical history on: egzb.de
15. ↑ Meeting resolution No. 57 of October 8, 1926, deputation of the municipal health department on the appointment of Lotte Landé as of October 1, 1926. Institute for City History Frankfurt am Main: Personnel file 134.511, Municipal file 7.113, Volume 1
16. ↑ Lotte Landé's certificate of employment as city doctor from October 22, 1928. Institute for City History Frankfurt am Main: Personnel file 134.511, Municipal file 7.113, Volume 1
17. ↑ Lotte Landé: Annual report of the local group Frankfurt a. M. for the business year 1928–1929. In: Monthly Journal of German Doctors 6 (1930), p. 64
18. ↑ Martha Ruben-Wolf : Medical study trip to the Soviet Union. In: Die Ärztin 7 (1931), p. 176
19. ↑ Lotte Landé. Health policy demands for mother and child . In: The socialist doctor , 6th year (1930), issue 1 (February), pp. 8-10 digitized
20. ^ The Reichstag in Chemnitz . In: The socialist doctor , 6th year (1930), issue 1 (February), p. 17 digitized
21. ↑ Lotte Landé: Abortion and practical professional experience of the welfare doctor. In: Die Ärztin 7 (1931), pp. 43–44
22. ^ Report on the Naumburg conference on December 6th and 7th. In: The doctor. Monthly of the Association of German Doctors 7 (1931), pp. 16–21, pp. 43–49, pp. 70–74
23. ^ State Compensation Office Berlin: File 265 331, M5: Description of the career and persecution of Herbert Czempin; Application dated May 4, 1955
24. ^ Resolution of the Magistrate of the City of Frankfurt am Main No. 1144 of November 2, 1931 and supplementary employment certificate of November 2, 1931. Institute for City History Frankfurt am Main: Personal files 134.512 and 134.513
25. ^ Institute for Urban History Frankfurt am Main: Personal files 134.513: Referatscript
26. ↑ Dr. Landé and the sexual plight of women . In: The Torch of January 15, 1932, No. 3
27. ↑ The city doctor's educational lecture . In: Frankfurter Nachrichten of January 27, 1932. Archive of the Diakonisches Werk der EKD, Berlin: ADW, CA / G - p. 44
28. ^ Institute for City History Frankfurt am Main: Personal files 134,511; Municipal file 7.113 BD No. 1, urgent application by City Councilor Lange of January 12, 1932
29. ↑ Women in Need before the Elder Committee. KPD, SPD and democrats in one front - the magistrate protects Dr. Landé . In: Frankfurter Volksblatt of January 28, 1932, No. 23
30. ^ Institute for City History Frankfurt am Main: Personal files 134.513, PA 134512. Leave of absence from Dr. Landé of March 31, 1933 by the Lord Mayor; Acknowledgment of receipt certified by the official messenger (documents 48 and 49)
31. ↑ Trade unionist Max Czempin dies : djaco.bildung.hessen.de
32. ↑ Institute for City History Frankfurt am Main: Personal files 134.511, Magistrate files 7.113 vol. No. 1. Letter: Betr. Personnel savings for the purpose of administrative simplification of June 20, 1933 to the magistrate's personnel department
33. ^ Institute for City History Frankfurt am Main: Magistratsakte 7.113 vol. No. 1. Proposal re. Landé, Charlotte on the Implementation of the Civil Servants Act. No. 2312 of the directory
34. ↑ Decree of the Prussian Minister of the Interior: Dismissal of Dr. med. Lotte Landé of August 8, 1933; Prohibition to enter the office of August 14, 1933. Institute for City History Frankfurt am Main: Personnel files 134.512, 134.513
35. ↑ concert review. In: C.-V.-Zeitung - Allgemeine Zeitung des Judentums. XVI. Volume 22 of June 3, 1937. p. 10
36. ^ Herbert Champain: autobiographical tape recording with Charlotte Champain-Landé in Oberursel (Taunus), tape 4, 1977
37. ↑ State Compensation Office Berlin: File 265 331, E 24: affidavit by Lotte Champaign-Landé from April 16, 1957
38. ^ Ancestry Champain at ancestry.com
39. ↑ United States Certificate of Naturalization No. 5684191, PetitionsNo. 263582, issued May 27, 1943 to Lottie Champain
40. ↑ United States Certificate of Naturalization No. 5624754, issued January 24, 1944 to Herbert Champain
41. ^ "Clinical Signs and Development of Survivors of Kernicterus due to RH Sensitization". In: The Journal of Pediatrics. Vol. 32, January-June, 1948, pp. 693-705
42. ^ Reparation notice of the City of Frankfurt am Main dated April 21, 1953. In: Personalakten Dr. Charlotte Landé 134.511, 134.512, Institute for Urban History Frankfurt am Main
43. ^ Decision of the Berlin State Compensation Office of April 16, 1958. In: Act 265 331, Institute for City History Frankfurt am Main
44. ↑ Lotte Landé . In: Jewish doctors under National Socialism: disenfranchisement, expulsion, murder. P. 225
45. ↑ Urn burial site Dr. Charlotte Landé, Oberursel main cemetery, field A1, row III, 8
46. ↑ Herbert Champain urn burial site, Oberursel main cemetery, field C2, row VII, 6
47. ^ Eduard Seidler: Pediatricians 1933–1945. Disenfranchised - fled - murdered . P. 261.