Chinese head pulp

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Chinese head pulp
Cephalotaxus sinensis - JC Raulston Arboretum - DSC06153.JPG

Chinese head yew ( Cephalotaxus sinensis )

Systematics
Subdivision : Seed plants (Spermatophytina)
Class : Coniferopsida
Order : Conifers (Coniferales)
Family : Cephalotaxus plants (Cephalotaxaceae)
Genre : Cephalotaxus ( Cephalotaxus )
Type : Chinese head pulp
Scientific name
Cephalotaxus sinensis
( Rehder & EH Wilson ) HL Li

The Chinese headworm ( Cephalotaxus sinensis ) is a species of plant from the family of the headworm family (Cephalotaxaceae). It is native to east China as well as Taiwan.

description

Needles

The Chinese head yew grows as an evergreen shrub or small tree that can reach heights of 12 to 15 meters and a diameter of up to 120 centimeters at chest height . The branches are egg-shaped to rectangular in cross-section. The trunk has a red, gray or gray-brown bark .

The soft but leathery needles are 1 to 7 centimeters long and 2 to 4 millimeters wide and straight to lanceolate in shape. They stand on a stalk up to 2.5 millimeters long and more or less straight from the branches. The base of the needles is wedge-shaped to rounded wedge-shaped while the tip is pointed. The upper side of the needle is colored green and on the underside of the needle there are 12 to 18 white, very rarely green rows of stomatals .

The flowering period of the species extends from March to June and the seeds ripen from June to November. The pink-brown male cones are spherical with a diameter of 4 to 7 millimeters and stand on a 3 millimeter long stem. They are in groups of six to seven and each contain four to eleven microsporophylls with two to four pollen sacs . The grayish colored, female cones have a 3 to 8 millimeter long stalk and stand together individually or in groups of two to eight. They are surrounded by a 1.6 to 2.5 cm long and 0.8 to 1.6 cm wide seed coat ( arillus ), which is colored red or reddish purple towards maturity. There are six clearly defined longitudinal ridges on its surface. The oval to elliptical seeds are 1.8 to 2.5 inches long and 0.9 to 1.2 inches thick.

Distribution and location

The natural range of the Chinese headworm is in the east of China as well as in the center and north of the island of Taiwan . In China, it includes the provinces of South Anhui , Fujian , South Gansu , Southwest Guangdong , Guangxi , Northeast Guizhou , Henan , Hubei , Hunan , South Jiangsu , Jiangxi , South Shaanxi , Sichuan , Southeast Yunnan and Zhejiang . In Shandong Province , the species was grown for cultivation purposes.

The Chinese headworm thrives at altitudes of 600 to 3200 meters. It grows there in mixed and coniferous forests as well as in thickets. Soils are populated that have formed on granite , limestone or sandstone .

use

Structural formula of (-) - homoharringtonine - an alkaloid of the Chinese headwave.

The wood of the subspecies sinensis is used, among other things, to make furniture and tools. The species is also grown as an ornamental plant. The branches, roots and seeds contain a variety of alkaloids that are used to fight leukemia and lymphomas .

Systematics

It was first described as Cephalotaxus drupacea var. Sinensis in 1914 by Alfred Rehder and Ernest Henry Wilson in Plantae Wilsonianae, 2 (1), pp. 3-4 . In 1954 Hui Lin Li described it in Lloydia , 16, p. 162 as a separate species Cephalotaxus sinensis . Another synonym for Cephalotaxus sinensis (Rehder & EHWilson) HL Li is Cephalotaxus harringtonia var. Sinensis (Rehder & EHWilson) Rehder .

Subspecies

The Chinese headworm is divided into up to four subspecies:

  • Cephalotaxus sinensis subsp. hainanensis (HL Li) Silba . A synonym is Cephalotaxus hainanensis H.L. Li
  • Cephalotaxus sinensis subsp. latifolia (WC Cheng & LK Fu) Silba . Found in the Chinese provinces of Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Jiangxi and Sichuan. A synonym is Cephalotaxus latifolia W.C. Cheng & LK Fu
  • Cephalotaxus sinensis subsp. sinensis is the nominate form
  • Cephalotaxus sinensis subsp. wilsoniana (Hayata) Silba . Found in Taiwan. A synonym is Cephalotaxus wilsoniana Hayata . Molecular biological studies, however, showed that the subspecies is closely related to Cephalotaxus harringtonia and can probably be regarded as a variety of this species.

However, these subspecies are not widely recognized. The Flora of China only knows the two varieties sinensis and wilsonia and lists latifolia as an independent species. Farjon does not recognize any further subdivisions of the species and lists Cephalotaxus latifolia and Cephalotaxus hainanensis as separate species.

Hazard and protection

The Chinese plum yew is in the red list of the IUCN out "not at risk". However, it is pointed out that a new check of the hazard is necessary.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e Christopher J. Earle: Cephalotaxus sinensis. (No longer available online.) In: The Gymnosperm Database. www.conifers.org, December 12, 2010, archived from the original on August 6, 2011 ; accessed on December 26, 2011 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.conifers.org
  2. ↑ Entry on omacetaxin mepesuccinate. In: Römpp Online . Georg Thieme Verlag, accessed on June 3, 2020.
  3. ^ A b Liguo Fu, Nan Li, Robert R. Mill: Cephalotaxaceae . Cephalotaxus. In: Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven, Hong Deyuan (eds.): Flora of China . Cycadaceae through Fagaceae. Volume 4. Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis 1999, ISBN 0-915279-70-3 , Cephalotaxus sinensis var. Sinensis , p. 86 ( Cephalotaxus sinensis var. Sinensis - online - this printed work is online with the same text).
  4. ↑ a b Cephalotaxus sinensis at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed December 26, 2011.
  5. ^ Liguo Fu, Nan Li, Robert R. Mill: Cephalotaxaceae . Cephalotaxus. In: Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven, Hong Deyuan (eds.): Flora of China . Cycadaceae through Fagaceae. Volume 4. Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis 1999, ISBN 0-915279-70-3 , Cephalotaxus sinensis var. Wilsoniana , p. 86 ( Cephalotaxus sinensis var. Wilsoniana - online - this printed work is online with the same text).
  6. ^ Liguo Fu, Nan Li, Robert R. Mill: Cephalotaxaceae . Cephalotaxus. In: Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven, Hong Deyuan (eds.): Flora of China . Cycadaceae through Fagaceae. Volume 4. Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis 1999, ISBN 0-915279-70-3 , Cephalotaxus sinensis , pp. 86 ( Cephalotaxus sinensis - online - this printed work is online with the same text).
  7. ^ Liguo Fu, Nan Li, Robert R. Mill: Cephalotaxaceae . Cephalotaxus. In: Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven, Hong Deyuan (eds.): Flora of China . Cycadaceae through Fagaceae. Volume 4. Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis 1999, ISBN 0-915279-70-3 , Cephalotaxus latifolia , pp. 86 ( Cephalotaxus latifolia - Online ).
  8. ^ Aljos Farjon: A Handbook of the World's Conifers . tape 1 . Brill, Leiden-Boston 2010, ISBN 90-04-17718-3 , pp. 264-273 .
  9. ↑ Cephalotaxus sinensis in the endangered Red List species the IUCN 2011. Posted by: Conifer Specialist Group, 1998. Accessed December 26, 2011th

literature

  • Liguo Fu, Nan Li, Robert R. Mill: Cephalotaxaceae . Cephalotaxus. In: Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven, Hong Deyuan (eds.): Flora of China . Cycadaceae through Fagaceae. Volume 4. Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis 1999, ISBN 0-915279-70-3 , Cephalotaxus sinensis , pp. 86 ( Cephalotaxus sinensis - online - this printed work is online with the same text).
  • Aljos Farjon: A Handbook of the World's Conifers . tape 1 . Brill, Leiden-Boston 2010, ISBN 90-04-17718-3 , pp. 264-273 .

Web links

Commons : Cephalotaxus sinensis  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
  • Christopher J. Earle: Cephalotaxus sinensis. In: The Gymnosperm Database. www.conifers.org, December 12, 2010, accessed December 26, 2011 .