Ostseeschnäpel
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Baltic billet ( Coregonus maraena ) |
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| Coregonus maraena | ||||||||||||
| ( Bloch , 1779) |
The Baltic sea beak ( Coregonus maraena ), also known as whitefish or vendace, is a fish from the salmon family , which belongs to the genus of whitefish, whitefish or vendace ( Coregonus ).
Occurrence and characteristics
The fish, up to 1.20 m long, is found on the Western Pomeranian lagoon landscape of the Baltic Sea coast of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania . Due to the settlement programs of the 1990s, the species has also become at home in the Darß-Zingster Boddenkette.
In November, the beak moves from the open sea to the brackish waters of Achterwasser , Peenestrom and Stettiner Haff between the mainland and the island of Usedom to spawn . In the Darß-Zingster Bodden chain , especially in the Saaler Bodden , restocking measures were also carried out to re-establish a stock after an assessment of the potential. The Baltic bill is also found in the Oder. To spawn, the beak needs strong flowing and shallow waters as well as stony or gravelly ground. In spring the beak migrates back into the free coastal waters. The fry remain in the brackish water for a year before following the parent animals.
The Madüsee whitefish , which occurs in the Jezioro Miedwie ( Madüsee ) , is now regarded as a population of the Baltic sea beacon.
On the red list of the IUCN of coregonus maraena with is VU ( Vulnerable , English for endangered ) classified. In Germany the Baltic bill is considered endangered. The Baltic bill is classified as endangered in the Brandenburg Red List.
use
The Ostseeschnäpel found its way into the world of legends and fairy tales in Pomerania and was considered a "poor man's fish". After it was mentioned in the French Le Guide Culinaire in 1903 , it found its place in the gourmet restaurants of Europe . Especially in the 1920s and 1930s, the Schnäpel became a fashion fish in the upscale restaurants on the coast under the name Steinlachs . In the GDR - coastal fishing of whitefish became less important and found as by-catch hardly use.
Due to the reduced water quality of the Baltic Sea in the 1980s and 1990s, the population declined so dramatically that the beak was on the verge of extinction. Thanks to a breeding program run by the Fish and Environment Association in Rostock , supported by the Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania Ministry of Agriculture and financed with funding from the European Union , the population was able to recover. At Waren an der Müritz , young fish are reared under laboratory conditions and have been released in the Baltic Sea since 1996. Since 1999, the Baltic Sea bill can be caught again by coastal fishermen in Usedom. Mainly because of its low fat content, the Schnäpel is used in regional cuisine, also under the name of Baltic stone salmon .
The stocks of the Baltic Sea beagle initially increased sharply after the start of the stocking measures, but then the stock decreased again. Among other things, the intensive fishing use was made responsible for this. It turned out that the reproduction of the stocks is not sufficient to be able to maintain the current catch level with further increasing demand. Therefore, in addition to continuous stocking measures, aquaculture breeding is also carried out inland. Stocking fish for the coastal waters are bred in the Cambser See and Jabeler See . Inland breeding was established in a pond in Crivitz- Basthorst.
Web links
- Ostseeschnäpel on Fishbase.org (English)
- Coregonus maraena in the endangered Red List species the IUCN 2011. Posted by: Freyhof, J., 2011. Accessed March 12, 2012th
Footnotes
- ↑ Fish and Environment Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania e. V.
- ↑ a b Gerd-Michael Arndt: Aquaculture-based fishery management of whitefish stocks - Great vendace (Coregonus lavaretus L.) and Baltic billfish (Coregonus maraena) - in the inland lakes and coastal waters of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania in the years 2013 to 2015. Final report. published by the State Research Center for Agriculture and Fisheries Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania (LFA) 2015.
- ↑ Scharf, Julia & Tautenhahn, Michael (2011): The distribution of large vendace in Brandenburg , in: Der Märkische Angler, 3, 6-7.
- ↑ Coregonus maraena (whitefish). IUCN, accessed October 10, 2017 .
- ↑ State Office for Environment, Health and Consumer Protection Brandenburg (LUGV) (2011): Red List of Fish and Round Mouths (Pisces et Cyclostomata) of the State of Brandenburg (2011) , in: Nature Conservation and Landscape Management in Brandenburg: Contributions to Ecology, Nature and Water Protection , Supplement to issue 3, p. 33.
- ↑ MV is good for you ( Memento from July 12, 2011 in the Internet Archive )
- ^ Crab and beak in a pond . Article in the Schweriner Volkszeitung on May 8, 2012.