Gold Pippau

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Gold Pippau
Gold Pippau (Crepis aurea)

Gold Pippau ( Crepis aurea )

Systematics
Order : Astern-like (Asterales)
Family : Daisy family (Asteraceae)
Subfamily : Cichorioideae
Tribe : Cichorieae
Genre : Pippau ( Crepis )
Type : Gold Pippau
Scientific name
Crepis aurea
( L. ) Cass.

The gold Pippau ( Crepis aurea ) is a plant of the genus Pippau ( Crepis ) in the family of Compositae (Asteraceae). It is also known as the Orange Pippau .

description

The Gold Pippau is a perennial herbaceous plant with a bitten, cylindrical, blackish rhizome . Its upright, simple or slightly branched stems reach a height of between 5 and 30 centimeters. The obscure-lanceolate-spatulate, roughly toothed to oblique saw-shaped, pinnate-lobed and bald basal leaves are arranged in a basal rosette. On the stem there are usually no or at most two, scale-shaped, linear to awl-like bracts .

The individual cups sit at the end of the stem and its branches and have a diameter of about 2 to 3.5 centimeters. The bracts are lanceolate and pointed, the outer are half as long as the inner. Like the upper part of the stem, they are covered by thick, black, shaggy hair. The flower head, which is briefly hairy on the bottom, contains orange to brownish-fiery red, on the underside mostly purple-colored ray-flowers . The fruits are achenes , which are 5 to 6 mm long and have slightly rough ribs at the tip and an indistinct beak. The pure white, soft pappus is slightly shorter than the fruit.

The flowering period extends from June to September.

Gold Pippau ( Crepis aurea ) in Upper Austria

Occurrence

The Gold Pippau is almost restricted to Europe , but also occurs in Asia Minor . It is native in Europe in the mountains from the Jura over the Alps to the mountains of Italy and the Balkan Peninsula . Often in Austria , but absent in Vienna and Burgenland.

The gold Pippau thrives on fresh, nutrient-rich, mostly calcium-poor meadows and pasture grass , warehouses corridors , Snow floors ( Schneetälchen ) at altitudes from 1,000 to 2,900 meters. It is an association character type of the alpine milkweed willows (Poion alpinae). In the Allgäu Alps it rises to over 2000 meters.

Systematics

The subspecies Crepis aurea subsp. glabrescens is amphiadriatic in the highest peaks of the Apennine-Abruzzo and the Southeast Dinarides. It is found in low-base snow valleys, but in the Dinarides it is also found on a lime-rich base as long as the subsoil has no influence on the soil reaction.

The gold was Pippau by Carl Linnaeus in 1759 under the basionym Leontodon aureus L. first published . Alexandre Henri Gabriel de Cassini placed it in the genus Crepis in 1822 . From Crepis aurea three subspecies are recognized:

  • Crepis aurea (L.) Cass. subsp. aurea . The basket shell is 10 to 13 mm long; the flowers are 16 to 18 mm long and have 2 to 3 mm wide tongues. The nominotypical subspecies occurs in the Alps and in the mountains of the former Yugoslavia southwards to Albania . The number of chromosomes is 2n = 10.
  • Crepis aurea subsp. glabrescens (Caruel) Arcang. (Syn. Crepis columnae (Ten.) Froelich ; Crepis aurea subsp. Lucida (Ten.) Babc. ). It differs from the subsp. aurea by the cover, which is only 7 to 9 mm long, and also by the flowers, which are only about 11 mm long and have slightly narrower, 1.75 mm wide tongues. This subspecies occurs in Italy in the Apennines and extends there south to Calabria. It occurs in the former Yugoslavia and Albania alongside subsp. aurea , but extends in the south to the Greek Peloponnese . In Greece there are numerous transitions to the other two subspecies that make a systematic classification difficult. The number of chromosomes is 2n = 10. The subspecies is part of the snow valley vegetation and is derived from the Italian Majella massif from the snow soil company Taraxaco apennini - Trifolietum thalii , and in the Dinarides in Durmitor, Čvrsnica and Prenj from herbaceous snow valleys with Salix herbacea described.
  • Crepis aurea subsp. olympica (K. Koch) Lamond (Syn .: Crepis olympica K. Koch ). The hair on the upper stem and the cover does not consist of blackish, but of yellowish glandular hairs. Basket shell and flowers are similar in size to subsp. glabrescens , the leaves are usually slightly less deeply cut. This subspecies occurs only on the Uludağ (formerly also called Bithynian Olympus) in northwestern Asia Minor at an altitude of 2000 meters.

The variety is also remarkable:

  • Crepis aurea var. Bosniaca K. Malý : with mostly branched inflorescences and golden-yellow ray-flowers with purple stripes on the underside. A tetraploid variety found in Bosnia with chromosome number 2n = 20.

Common names

The other German-language trivial names Große Gemswurz ( Zillertal ) and Rohmblümle ( Appenzell ) exist or existed for the Gold-Pippau .

swell

literature

  • Xaver Finkenzeller, Jürke Grau: Alpine flowers. Recognize and determine (=  Steinbach's natural guide ). Mosaik, Munich 2002, ISBN 3-576-11482-3 , p. 276 .
  • Manfred A. Fischer, Wolfgang Adler, Karl Oswald: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol . 2nd, improved and enlarged edition. Province of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2005, ISBN 3-85474-140-5 , p. 954 .
  • Gerhard Wagenitz (Hrsg.): Illustrated flora of Central Europe. Pteridophyta, Spermatophyta . Founded by Gustav Hegi. 2nd revised and expanded edition. Volume VI. Part 4: Angiospermae, Dicotyledones 4 (Compositae 2, Matricaria - Hieracium) . Paul Parey, Berlin / Hamburg 1987, ISBN 3-489-86020-9 , pp. 1147–1149 (revised reprint of the 1st edition (Volume VI / 2 from 1929) with addendum).

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d Sandro Pignatti (Ed.): Flora d'Italia . Vol. 3. Edagricole, Bologna 2003, ISBN 88-506-2449-2 , pp. 272–273 (third unaltered reprint of the 1st edition from 1982).
  2. ^ Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp. 991, 994 .
  3. ↑ Erhard Dörr, Wolfgang Lippert : Flora of the Allgäu and its surroundings. Volume 2, IHW, Eching 2004, ISBN 3-930167-61-1 , p. 679.
  4. ^ Carl von Linné: Systema naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. 10th edition. Volume 2, Lars Salvius, Stockholm 1759, p. 1193, digitizedhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttp%3A%2F%2Fbiodiversitylibrary.org%2Fpage%2F587112~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ%3D~ double-sided%3D~LT%3D~ PUR% 3D .
  5. ^ Alexandre Henri Gabriel de Cassini: Lactucées. In: G.-F. Cuvier (ed.): Dictionnaire des Sciences naturelles dans lequel on traite méthodiquement des differentes Étres de la Nature. 2nd edition, Volume 25, 1822, p. 88, digitizedhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttp%3A%2F%2Fbiodiversitylibrary.org%2Fpage%2F25513777~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ%3D~ double-sided%3D~LT%3D~ PUR% 3D .
  6. ↑ Werner Greuter, Eckhard von Raab-Straube (ed.): Med Checklist. A critical inventory of vascular plants of the circum-Mediterranean countries . Vol. 2: Dicotyledones (Compositae) . Organization for the Phyto-Taxonomic Investigation of the Mediterranean Area (OPTIMA), Genève 2008, ISBN 978-2-8279-0011-4 , pp. 181 .
  7. ↑ Werner Greuter : Compositae (pro parte majore) : Crepis aurea. In: Werner Greuter, Eckhard von Raab-Straube (ed.): Compositae. Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Berlin 2006–2009.
  8. ↑ a b Georgia Kamari: Crepis. In: Arne Strid, Kit Tan (Ed.): Mountain Flora of Greece. Volume Two . Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh 1991, ISBN 0-7486-0207-0 , pp. 579-580 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
  9. ↑ Blasi, C., Die Pietro, R., Pelino, G. 2005: The vegetation of alpine belt karst-tectonic basins in the central Apennines (Italy) . Plant Biosystems, 139/3 November 2005, 357-385.
  10. ↑ Horvat, I., Glavac, V., Ellenberg, H. 1974: Vegetation Südosteuropas . Jumper. Here p. 629
  11. ↑ JM Lamond: Crepis. In: Peter Hadland Davis (Ed.): Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands. Vol. 5 (Compositae) . Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh 1975, ISBN 0-85224-280-8 , pp. 819-820 .
  12. ↑ August von Hayek : Prodromus Florae Peninsulae Balcanicae. Volume 2. In: Repertorium Specierum Novarum Regni Vegetabilium, supplement. Volume 30, No. 2, 1931, p. 855.
  13. ^ Georg August Pritzel , Carl Jessen : The German folk names of plants. New contribution to the German linguistic treasure. Philipp Cohen, Hannover 1882, p. 117. ( online ).

Web links

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