Deux-Nèthes department

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Map of the departments in today's Benelux region

The Département des Deux-Nèthes ( German  department of the two Nethen ; Dutch department van de Twee Nethen ) was a department belonging to the French state from 1795 to 1814 on the territory of today's Belgian province of Antwerp and the Dutch province of Noord-Brabant . It was named after two arms of the Nete River .

history

Until 1792 the area of ​​the department belonged to the Duchy of Brabant , which was part of the Austrian Netherlands . In April 1792, the French declared National Assembly of the Habsburg Monarchy the war . After the Battle of Jemappes (November 1792), the Austrian Netherlands came completely under French control . On the 9th Vendémiaire of the year IV of the Republic (October 1, 1795), the area was united with France on the basis of the "Law on the Unification of Belgium and the Liège Land with the Republic", which was confirmed by the Treaties of Campo Formio (1797) and Lunéville (1801) was confirmed under international law .

The area was divided into nine departments in accordance with the administrative structure newly introduced in France , which were subdivided into arrondissements , cantons and communes. The cantons were also district courts of justice . Initially, the department consisted of the arrondissements of Antwerp, Mechelen and Turnhout.

In March 1810, the northern Kingdom of Holland , ruled by Napoleon's brother Louis Bonaparte , ceded Noord-Brabant and other parts of the Kingdom of Holland to France in a treaty concluded at Paris . In April 1810, the new department of the Rhine estuaries was formed from the eastern part of the area , the western part was added to the department of the two Neths .

After the agreements reached at the Congress of Vienna (June 1815), the area was assigned to the new Kingdom of the United Netherlands . In August 1815 the new kingdom was divided into provinces, the department of the two Neths became the province of Antwerp , the arrondissement of Breda became part of the province of Noord-Brabant . After the Belgian Revolution in 1830, the province of Antwerp became part of Belgium , the province of Noord-Brabant remained in the Netherlands .

structure

The main town ( chef-lieu ) of the department or seat of the prefecture was the city of Antwerp ( Anvers ). It was divided into four arrondissements and 28 cantons :

Arrondissement Main towns in the cantons, seat of the courts of justice
Antwerp ( Anvers ) Antwerp (4 cantons), Brecht , Ekeren , Kontich , Wilrijk , Zandhoven
Mechelen ( Malines ) Duffel , Heist-op-den-Berg , Lier , Mechelen (2 cantons), Puurs
Turnhout Arendonk , Herentals , Hoogstraten , Mol , Turnhout , Westerlo
From 1810 to 1814 additionally:
Breda ( Bréda ) Bergen op Zoom , Breda , Ginneken , Oosterhout , Oudenbosch , Roosendaal , Zevenbergen

The department had an area of ​​2,854 square kilometers and 249,376 inhabitants in 1805, in 1812 including the Arrondissement of Breda an area of ​​4,154 square kilometers and 367,184 inhabitants.

See also

Individual evidence

  1. Jean-Baptiste Nothomb : Historical-diplomatic presentation of the foundation of the Kingdom of Belgium under international law , Tübingen, Cotta'sche Buchhandlung, 1836, p. 450 ( Google Books )
  2. a b Almanach Impérial 1805 , Paris, p. 331 ( Bibliothèque nationale de France )
  3. Johann Sporschill: History of the Arising: Of the Growth and the Greatness of the Austrian Monarchy , Volume 8, Leipzig: Renger'sche Buchhandlung, 1847, S. 114 ( Google Books )
  4. Franz Georg Joseph von Lassaulx : Annals of Napoleon's Legislation , Volume 4, Koblenz: Pauli, 1810, p. 18 ( Google Books )
  5. ^ Albrecht Friedrich Ludolph Lasius : The French Kayser State under the government of the Kayser Napoleon the Great in 1812 . A Geographical-Historical Manual, First Department, Osnabrück: Johann Gottfried Kißling, 1813, p. 345 ( Google Books )
  6. a b Almanach Impérial 1812 , Paris, p. 442 ( Bibliothèque nationale de France )
  7. ^ Heinrich Karl Wilhelm Berghaus : Germany for a Hundred Years , Second Section, Third Volume, Leipzig: Voigt & Günther, 1862, p. 79 ( Google Books )