Parish church Brixen im Thale
The Roman Catholic parish church Brixen im Thale is located in the center of the municipality of Brixen im Thale in the Kitzbühel district in Tyrol . It is the Feast of the Assumption and St. Martin consecrated and is the seat of the deanery Brixen im Thale in the Archdiocese of Salzburg . The church is a listed building ( list entry ).
history
In the years 788/790 a church near Brixen was first mentioned in the property register of Bishop Arns of Salzburg . It is referred to as an own church with land ownership (Latin: "ad Prixina ecclesia cum territorio" ). There are records of a Gothic church in the late Middle Ages. In 1165 a pastor is mentioned for the first time who was responsible for the church care of the Brixental. Several sacred buildings had already been erected by 1786 and the church was rebuilt several times. When the church finally became too small for the village population and showed several damage, it was decided to build a completely new one. In 1790, under the leadership of the court architect Wolfgang Hagenauer and the master builder Andreas Hueber from Kitzbühel, a plan for a new church with a double tower facade and gable triangle was submitted, which is to be built according to late baroque-classicist forms. Due to technical and personal disputes between the two builders, the original construction plan was never used. As a result, Andre Hueber was able to assert himself and realize his plan, but also adopted ideas from Wolfgang Hagenauer. Construction took less than three years. Finally, on September 11, 1797, the parish church was consecrated in honor of the Assumption of Mary and St. Martin , and in 1812 it was elevated to the status of a deanery parish church .
Wooden church (church I)
About five meters east of the west wall of the oldest stone building and at a level 0.6 m higher, the ground of a younger building, which was reddened by fire, was exposed. The floor area in the east was severely disturbed by recent building activity and various later burials. The western and southern boundaries of the space, which is clearly recognizable by the reddening of the fire, of a little over four meters wide, was determined by regularly laid rows of stones that break at right angles from the north-south direction to the east-west direction. The end point is marked by a clear post hole about 30 cm in diameter, which is wedged by a stone packing. The dry stone walls, made from carefully laid boulders and rough rubble stones, are the foundation packs of two outer walls of a wooden structure that must be seen as a block structure. According to an excavation finding, a rectangular hall building a little over four meters wide and around eight meters long can be expected.
First stone church (Church II)
After the wooden church (Church I) fell victim to a fire disaster, a stone building (Church II) was built over the fire place with almost the same orientation. The time between the fire and the new building could not be determined archaeologically. For the new building, the floor plan of a single-nave hall church with a retracted, geosted choir and straight choir closure was chosen. The nave got a clear width of about 10.10 m × 7.00 m, the choir of about 3.50 m × 3.50 m. The nave widens slightly from west to east, while the choir area slightly decreases in width to the east. The masonry of this first stone church was in some parts of the excavations that were still above the corresponding floor level. The thickness of the masonry changed from about 1.10 m (with plastering) on the west wall to 1.00 m (without plastering) on the north and south walls up to 0.95 m on the east wall. The walls of the choir are kept much weaker; their thickness varied around 0.80 m.
Second stone church (Church III)
In the High Middle Ages, after a partial demolition of the first stone church (Church II), an enlarged church building (Church III, or the second stone church) with the same orientation was built while reusing individual wall sections. The entire west wall and the entire north wall of the older church (Church II) have been preserved. The choir and the entire south wall were demolished. The new nave was widened by the thickness of the demolished south wall and extended to the outer east flight of the older choir building. This gave the new church (III) a rectangular, single-nave hall of around 15.40 m × 8.00 m room light with a retracted semicircular apse in the east, which showed an inner radius of a good 2.50 m. The old west portal seems to have been retained. In addition, a south portal can now also be demonstrated through a step template in the nave in the western third of the south wall. The north gate was probably preserved together with the bell tower.
Church IV (A and B)
Even during the High Middle Ages , the late Romanesque Church III was heavily modified by partially demolishing the nave and completely razing the presbytery , followed by major alterations to the remaining parts and new additions. After a not too long period of time, a new renovation took place, in which the presbytery was again removed and rebuilt in a new shape. At the same time, the interior of the nave was radically redesigned. Since the nave of the building was only slightly changed during the last adaptation work, we can speak of two construction phases of a new building.
The late baroque-classicist church building
The mighty nave with a round apse has a five-axis four-storey double tower facade with pilasters and protruding entablature. The length of the church is 38 m, the width 16 m, the height to the flat dome 17 m. The towers are 42 m high, slightly protruding and protrude further north and south. In the light church interior, the entire vault is decorated with ceiling paintings. In the flat, circular main dome, the coronation of Mary and the pictures of the four evangelists in the vaulted gussets by Joseph Schöpf (1795) can be seen. In the side dome frescoes by Andreas Nesselthaler (1795) one can find the “Adoration of the Most Holy Sacrament of the Altar by the Nations of the Earth” in the choir and the “Sacrifice of Melchizedek” above the organ gallery.
Furnishing
The mighty high altar made of polished, partially gilded, red-brown stucco marble was designed by Hagenauer and Nesselthaler and erected by Peter Pflauder in strict, classical forms. The two altar leaves by Joseph Schöpf represent the two church patrons, the Assumption of Mary and the donation of St. Martin's cloak. The four larger than life gilded carved figures of St. Dominic, the apostles Peter and Paul, and St. Catherine of Siena give the high altar a majestic overall effect and can be attributed to the Kitzbühel sculptor Josef Martin Lengauer (1727–1793). It has a height of about 12 m.
On the pictures of the left side altar you can find St. Francis Xavier and above St. John the Evangelist on the island of Patmos , the carved figures show the parents of Mary, Joachim and Anna. On the opposite altar are the plague saints Sebastian and Rochus and on the upper picture St. Barbara , the left side figure shows St. Joseph and the right one shows St. John of Nepomuk. The pictures are by Andreas Nesselthaler and the figures are by Franz Xaver Nißl from the Zillertal .
A classicist work by Peter Pflauder is the stucco marble pulpit from 1795. Opposite the pulpit on the left choir pillar there is a monumental group of crosses by Franz Xaver Nißl . On the four confessionals on the nave walls are the carvings by Franz Xaver Nißl, which refer in form and content to the sacrament of confession (St. Peter - repentance; King David - good intentions; prodigal son - examination of conscience; St. Magdalena - confession of sins and Absolution).
The main body of the organ was built in 1784/1785 by Johann Anton Fuchs , the Rückpositiv in 1795 by Andreas Mauracher . In 2001 Orgelbau Pirchner a new organ with 22 registers was installed and consecrated.
Bells
It is not known which bells rang in the towers of the parish church before 1789 and 1838. In 1838 a bell (probably also the entire ringing) was cast by Josef Georg Miller from Innsbruck . Their size and mood seem to correspond to today's peace bell (h 0 ). During the First World War, all bells were removed for war purposes. In 1929 a five-part bell was purchased from the Grassmayr bell foundry , tuned to c 1 or h 0 . This bell also had to be delivered in 1942 for bullet ammunition, only the midday bell was allowed to remain (which was later melted down for the new bell). When the war was over, today's five-part was cast in 1948, also by the Grassmayr bell foundry . In addition to the five main bells, a small bell was also cast for the Salvenkirchlein . This is tuned to tone a 2 .
The bells are distributed over the two towers, the two large ones hang in the north tower, the three small ones in the south tower. The entire bell is electrified and all bells are equipped with clapper catchers .
|
No. |
Surname |
Casting year |
Foundry and casting location |
Diameter (mm) |
Weight (kg) |
Nominal ( HT - 1 / 16 ) |
Sound sample |
| 1 | Peace and weather bell | 1948 | Grassmayr , Innsbruck | 1670 | 3045 | h 0 +2 | Bell 1 |
| 2 | Homecoming bell | 1330 | 1495 | dis 1 -5 | Bell 2 | ||
| 3 | Family bell | 1110 | 875 | f sharp 1 +0 | Bell 3 | ||
| 4th | Youth bell | 1000 | 637 | g sharp 1 +0 | |||
| 5 | Death bell | 830 | 350 | h 1 +0 | Bell 5 |
Ringing of all bells: plenary
War memorial
The war memorial as a three-part open wayside shrine with the crucifixion group dates from the middle of the 18th century. The flanking niches contain plaques with the names of fallen soldiers from the First (left) and Second World Wars (right).
Parish and deanery courtyard
The parish of Brixen im Thale is one of the oldest buildings in the Brixental valley . The large, square house dates from the 14th century and has been rebuilt several times to this day. The interior of the building is characterized by a number of Gothic construction details. In addition, a late Gothic fresco from 1480 has been preserved to this day, showing the coat of arms of the judge von Itter , the district judge from Kitzbühel and the pastor Wilhelm Taz von Brixen.
Chapels in the area
The most important chapels in and around Brixen im Thale :
- Sanctuary Hohe Salve to St. John the Baptist ordained
- Pilgrimage Chapel at Harlaßanger: The Chapel of the Visitation of the Virgin Mary was built in 1732. On the way to Harlaßanger there is an impressive way of the cross with the pictures of the Tyrolean artist Patricia Karg.
- Grabner Chapel (built in 1874); House chapel; Hunter's chapel; Jaggei Chapel; Samerkapelle; Straifkapelle; Weidachkapelle; Ahornau Chapel; Obinger Chapel
literature
- Brixen im Thale. Parish church Mariae Himmelfahrt & St. Martin In: Dehio manual . The art monuments of Austria: Tyrol. Bundesdenkmalamt (Ed.), Verlag Anton Schroll & Co, Vienna 1980, ISBN 3-7031-0488-0 , p. 210f.
Web links
- Municipality of Brixen im Thale: history about the church
Individual evidence
- ^ Tyrol - immovable and archaeological monuments under monument protection. ( Memento from June 3, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) . Federal Monuments Office , as of June 26, 2015 (PDF).
- ↑ Archived copy ( memento of the original dated August 30, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ http://religion.orf.at/projekt02/tvradio/ra_gottesdienste/ra_got040523_brixen.htm
- ↑ Martin Bitschnau , Hannes Obermair : Tiroler Urkundenbuch, II. Department: The documents on the history of the Inn, Eisack and Pustertal valleys. Vol. 1: Up to the year 1140 . Ed .: Tiroler Landesmuseen-Betriebsgesellschaft mb H. Universitätsverlag Wagner, Innsbruck 2009, ISBN 978-3-7030-0469-8 , p. 39-40 No. 59 .
- ↑ Archived copy ( memento of the original from June 27, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ http://www.kugelpanorama.at/kircheheute/BrixenThale.pdf ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
Coordinates: 47 ° 27 '1.4 " N , 12 ° 15' 2.2" E