Reinickendorf village church
The Reinickendorf village church made of exposed field stones is one of over 50 village churches in Berlin . It dates from the 15th century. The bell tower was not built until the beginning of the 18th century. The interior of the church was changed several times, especially during the restoration between 1936 and 1938. It is located in the Alt-Reinickendorf street not far from the Paracelsus-Bad underground station and is a listed building .
history
The Angerdorf Reinickendorf , which was founded around 1230 , was not recognized as a church village with four parish hooves until 1397 , but shortly after it was founded, it had a wooden church on the Anger, which also served as a cemetery in the vicinity of the church. Nothing is known about its appearance, but it was probably replaced by a better quality half-timbered church in the 14th century. Well before 1375 the estate Reinickendorf as combing the village belonged to the council of the city of Berlin , for it is indeed in the local directory of the Country Book of Charles IV. Listed (1375), but without further details to the village (hooves number, etc.), because no tax obligation to the Margrave consists. The council had acquired these tax rights from the margrave, so that the village taxes flowed to Berlin. In 1632 Berlin sold the village to the tradesman Engel and then bought it again in 1680 (until 1872).
The late Gothic church, which was probably built by local builders, was, like its predecessors, a parish church from the beginning (Protestant since the Reformation in 1539). The construction time is not documented by any document, but the roof structure is dated to 1488 (forest edge), so that its construction was apparently completed in 1488. It is fitting that the date 1491 is on the bronze bell that is still preserved today. Since there was no tower at that time, it is assumed that a free bell carrier stood next to the church until the 18th century, before today's plastered brick tower was placed in front of the church in 1713. The church was built for the population of a medieval village. In 1734 it only had 114 inhabitants. The church was no longer sufficient for the space required after the rural community of Reinickendorf was drawn into the maelstrom of the city of Berlin from 1871. The number of inhabitants grew to over 10,000 through new settlements by 1890, but only the larger Blessing Church on Auguste-Viktoria-Allee, which was built in 1892, created relief. Reinickendorf already had over 40,000 inhabitants when it came to Berlin from the Niederbarnim district in 1920 .
building
The stone village church consists of field stone masonry , namely boulders of different sizes and processing. The larger stones have been split to create a smooth outer surface. They are laid in layers of different heights up to the window sills; between the windows and above the regularity dissolves. Fragments of brick bricks were sometimes used to fit the windows. This type of masonry is typical of the late Middle Ages. The side walls of the nave merge directly into a semicircular end of the choir . This special type of a ship-wide polygonal choir is unique in Berlin and also rare in Brandenburg. The gabled roof long on the 18 meters and over nine meters wide nave therefore runs into a halbkegeligen above the choir Walm out. On the south wall of the church there is an overmolded door that was initially used as a priest's door in a smaller format. The church originally had a two-aisled ribbed vault , supported by two pillars in the middle of the church interior, still recognizable in the interior through large pointed arches.
In 1713, a retracted square west tower made of plastered brickwork was added to the church . Two bells hang in his belfry .
| Caster | Pouring year | material | Chime | Weight (kg) |
Diameter ( cm) |
Height (cm) |
Crown (cm) |
inscription |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| unknown | 1491 | bronze | g sharp | 376 | 90 | 72 | 14th | XPE BEM. CUM. PACE. ANNO. DM. M. CCC. LXXXXI. O REX GLORY. |
| JF Weule | 1922 | Cast steel | e | 437 | 100 | 84 | no crown | WHAT THE WAR IN BRONZE GAVE US BACK THE PEACE IN IRON. |
The tower roof shows the shape typical of the 18th century; this also applies to the copper tip with pommel, wind vane and star. The wind vane shows the year 1713. On this occasion, the entire building was plastered according to baroque custom. The interior of the church proved to be too small in the course of the 19th century due to the rapid growth of the population. The pillars of the vault stood in the way of new stalls and the construction of galleries . It and the vaulted ceiling were therefore removed in 1828. During the repairs between 1936 and 1938, the external appearance of the building was preserved. A frieze with tracery under the eaves , which was probably attached in the 19th century, was replaced by a sgraffito tape. In order to preserve the reference to the village, the interior was stylistically created as it was in the 17th century. The pulpit and today's baptismal font were installed in 1938, and the organ , the work of which has since been renewed, also dates from this time.
organ
In 1891 the village church received an organ from Ferdinand Dinse . This was replaced in 1920 by a new building by Alexander Schuke Potsdam Orgelbau (II + P, 11 registers). Today's organ in the village church was built in 1970 by the company Karl Schuke Berliner Orgelbauwerkstatt using the prospectus from 1891 (Opus 272).
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- Coupling : II / I, I / P, II / P
Literature (chronological)
- Günther Kühne, Elisabeth Stephani: Evangelical churches in Berlin. Berlin 1978.
- Klaus-Dieter Wille: The bells of Berlin (West). History and inventory. Berlin 1987.
- Renate and Ernst Oskar Petras (eds.): Old Berlin village churches. Heinrich Wohler's drawings , Berlin 1988.
- Hans-Jürgen Rach: The villages in Berlin. Berlin 1990.
- Matthias Hoffmann-Tauschwitz: Old Churches in Berlin. Berlin 1991.
- Markus Cante: Churches until 1618 , in: Berlin and its buildings, Part VI: Sacred buildings. Ed .: Architects and Engineers Association of Berlin , Berlin 1997, p. 349f.
- Matthias Friske : The medieval churches on the Barnim. History - architecture - equipment , Lukas-Verlag, Berlin 2001 (churches in rural areas, vol. 1), ISBN 3-931836-67-3
- Christel Wollmann-Fiedler, Jan Feustel: Old village churches in Berlin. Berlin 2001
- Georg Dehio : Handbook of the German art monuments. Band Berlin. Munich / Berlin 2006.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ The church received a second bell in 1610; it had to be delivered for armament purposes in the First World War .
- ↑ The circle is the extreme form of a polygon .
- ↑ It is possible, however, that an addition from around 1600 was made.
Coordinates: 52 ° 34 ′ 30.1 ″ N , 13 ° 21 ′ 8.5 ″ E