Eferdinger Basin
| Eferdinger Basin | ||
|---|---|---|
 View from the Schaunberg ruin eastwards over the Danube valley and the Mühlviertel outskirts |
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| location | Northern Alpine Foreland , Upper Austria | |
| Waters | Traun , Innbach , u. a. | |
| Geographical location | 48 ° 19 ′ N , 14 ° 5 ′ E | |
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| height | 250 to 280 m above sea level A. | |
| length | approx. 18 km | |
| surface | approx. 120 km² | |
The Eferdinger Basin is a fertile plain on the Upper Austrian Danube west of Linz. The southern part is known as a region as Eferdinger Landl . The basin is particularly known for its vegetable growing.
The Eferdinger Basin is one of the 41 spatial units of the Upper Austrian natural area structure .
geography
Of the basin lying on both sides of the Danube, which flows approximately to the east, the left-bank northern part belongs to the Mühlviertel , while the areas to the south, i.e. to the right, of the Danube are included in the Hausruckviertel .
Location and landscape
The Eferdinger Basin stretches on both sides of the Danube from Aschach in the west to Ottensheim in the east, with the plain reaching its greatest north-south extent roughly in the middle of this stretch. In the west of the part of the plain south of the Danube is the eponymous town of Eferding .
The size of the spatial unit of the Eferding Basin is around 118.5 km². The area extends over a length of around 17.5 km. The width varies between 4 and 10 km. The average altitude is 270 m above sea level. A. The highest area of the area is at the western end near Aschach at around 280 m above sea level. A. , the deepest area at the eastern end with 256 m above sea level. A. in Wilhering.
Neighboring regions
The spatial unit is surrounded by the following Upper Austrian spatial units (clockwise, starting in the north): Southern Mühlviertel outskirts , Danube gorge and side valleys , Inn and Hausruckviertel hill country and Sauwald .
Communities
The spatial unit lies in the districts of Eferding , Linz-Land and Urfahr-Umgebung .
The following municipal areas are mostly in the spatial unit (starting in the east): Alkoven , Eferding , Fraham , Goldwörth , Feldkirchen an der Donau , Pupping and Ottensheim .
The Eferdinger Landl includes in the traditional sense Alkoven, Fraham, Hinzenbach , St. Marienkirchen an der Polsenz , Aschach an der Donau , Haibach ob der Donau , Prambachkirchen , Scharten , Eferding, Hartkirchen , Pupping and Stroheim . This already extends into the Hausruckviertel hill country , the Sauwald fringes and the Upper Danube Valley to the Schlögener Schlinge .
Geology and hydrography
The Eferdinger Basin belongs to the geological zone of the Alpine foothills .
The area was lowered by the pressure of the Alps against the Bohemian Massif, and formed a bay in the Tertiary Molasse Sea . Its deposits, the Schlier , a schisty sedimentary rock, was removed by the Danube and backfilled with gravel behind the breakthrough valley between the Bohemian Highlands and Sauwald in the last Ice Age ( Würm Cold Age ), so it is geologically attributable to the lower terrace . The subsequent depressions have extensive Austufe formed. The outskirts of the granite and gneiss highlands ( southern Mühlviertler outskirts ) and the Schlierhügelland of the Molasse zone ( Inn- and Hausruckviertler Hügelland ) form a striking landscape surrounding the largely flat Eferdinger Basin.
In addition to the Danube, the lower Innbach from the Hausruck , the lower Aschach , its feeder from the Sauwald, the Aschacharm , the Planbach and the furnace water flow through the basin in the south, and the Pesenbach from the Central Mühlviertel highlands in the north, and the Rodl flows into the east . The streams meander through the plain. The Danube area was extensively redesigned by the Danube regulations of the 19th century and then by the Ottensheim-Wilhering power plant, which was completed in 1974 , the mouth areas of the brooks are often spaciously laid and fully canalised throughout. The basin landscape is rich in partly natural, partly artificial oxbow lakes and ponds.
The soils of both the middle and higher levels (lower and upper high tide level) as well as the low terrace are high quality arable land.
Spatial planning characteristics
- A basin of the Danube up to 10 kilometers wide with a central outlet.
- The Danube is dammed by the Ottensheim-Wilhering power plant .
- The alluvial forests (around 30%) are preserved along the Danube, sometimes only as a narrow band. Hybrid poplar forests dominate, but gray alder , white willow and ash are also present. The riparian forests are home to a large population of water frogs and some special aquatic plant species.
- The cultural landscape is diverse and scenic. There are many oxbow lakes and streams here. The Danube tributaries have partly landscape-forming meanders and gallery forests .
- The intensively agriculturally used low terrace is dominant on both sides of the Danube. Above all vegetables, special crops (e.g. asparagus ) and cereals are grown. Orchards and forests are rare. Wet areas ( ponds and wet meadows ) can be found on the southern and northern edge areas .
- The basin is heavily populated and the arable land extends into the settlement area. The urban sprawl around Eferding and the larger towns is strong.
- Individual former gravel pits (e.g. Feldkirchner bathing lakes ) are used as bathing ponds.
- Tourism along the Danube Cycle Path .
structure
The natural spatial unit is divided into three sub-units:
- Danube and alluvial forest
- Cultural landscape of the Austufe
- Lower terrace with agriculture
History and economy
Human settlements have been found here since the Neolithic . A settlement of the Mondsee culture was discovered in a clay pit near Hartheim . The area was also inhabited in Roman times, this has been confirmed by numerous finds.
Agriculture
Despite its small area, it is still of great agricultural importance, especially in vegetable production . It is a climatic favorable location, with a slight Pannonian climate influence, and - although relatively windy - is protected by the Sauwald and Bohemian Forest from the precipitation-rich Central European transitional climate and the polar north winds of the Mühlviertel. The mean daytime temperature exceeds +5 ° C on 226 days, which is beneficial for vegetable growing. The most important vegetable is the cucumber , but the asparagus is also gaining in importance. Salads and strawberries are also grown.
Eferding is home to the Efko company ("Eferdinger Konserven"), the largest buyer or supplier of agricultural products in the area.
Danube flood 2013
Extensive floods in June 2013 with 11 particularly badly affected municipalities with a total of 30,000 inhabitants resulted in plans to take flood protection measures in this section of the Austrian Danube. In August 2013, the federal government and the state of Upper Austria agreed to finance 50 or 30% of the total project costs of € 250 million. 20% should come from the municipalities, which, however, are supported by the municipal department of the state. As a first step, zones for voluntary resettlement were defined by 2015 in order to create retention areas . The first demolition of the building began in the same year.
literature
- Office of the Upper Austrian Provincial Government, Nature Conservation Department (Ed.): Nature and Landscape / Guiding Principles for Upper Austria. Volume 8: Room unit Eferdinger basin . Linz 2007 ( pdf [accessed November 30, 2014]).
Web links
- Map for the space unit Eferdinger Becken. In: DORIS . Retrieved November 30, 2014 .
- Eferdinger Basin. In: Nature and Landscape in Upper Austria. Retrieved November 30, 2014 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f lit. Upper Austrian regional government (ed.): Nature and landscape: Lower Trauntal . Linz 2007, characteristics of the spatial unit: A2 location and boundaries , p. 11 ff .
- ↑ a b c lit. Nature and landscape: Eferdinger basin . Linz 2007, location factors: A5.3 Climate , p. 20 .
- ↑ Lit. nature and landscape: Eferdinger basin . Linz 2007, location factors: A5.1 Geology A5.2 Soil and A5.4 Water system , p. 18th ff .
- ↑ a b Zones for Voluntary Resettlement - Resettlement. Website of the Province of Upper Austria, accessed on October 17, 2017 .
- ↑ 250 million euros for flood protection. ORF.at, August 14, 2013.