Beuel jute mill

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Beuel jute spinning mill around 1920; The director's villa in the lower right corner is separated from the factory premises by Siegburger Strasse. The right of the two tall chimneys has been preserved. In the background is the workers' housing estate belonging to the factory on Paulusstrasse and Josef-Thiebes-Strasse.

The Beuel jute spinning mill is located in today's Beuel-Ost district of the city of Bonn , Siegburger Strasse 42 (formerly Siegburger Chaussee). The factory founded in 1868, worked as jute - spinning . From the 1960s until its closure in 1980, it produced synthetic flooring. The city of Bonn has owned the factory since 1981 and has been using it since then under the name Halle Beuel, primarily for cultural events and storage purposes. The facades of the ensemble of buildings, which were badly damaged in the Second World War , are under monument protection .

history

In 1860 the Cologne linen dealer Alfred Hieronymus founded a jute weaving mill under his name on Bonner Talweg (today the Deutsche Telekom office buildings are here ). Eight years later he had the plant built in Beuel. The factory was renamed initially Rheinische jute spinning and weaving . A short time later, the Rheinische Jute Spinnerei Solf, Daverport & Co. took over the plant. In the early years the plant employed around 200 workers. Presumably as a result of the start-up crisis , there was a decline in production. In 1886 the company filed for bankruptcy , operations ceased and 600 workers were laid off. In the following year, the company was re-established under the West German Jute Spinning and Weaving Company . From then on, until the First World War , business developed well, production and employment numbers grew rapidly. The factory became one of the largest industrial companies in the region; up to 1500 people were employed here.

From the 1880s onwards there was a shortage of labor. That is why - increasingly from the turn of the century - foreign workers, especially from Italy and Austria-Hungary, were recruited at high cost .

In the years 1898 and 1899, row houses with workers' accommodation were built on the neighboring Josef-Thiebes-Straße and Paulusstraße. The apartments on Josef-Thiebes-Straße consisted of 22 square meters, to which toilets were added in 1937. Single workers - separated by sex - were housed in buildings on Paulusstrasse. In 1902, Franciscan nuns set up a kindergarten in the rooms of the jute spinning mill. Another room in the factory was used for church services, which were regularly held here by priests from the Beuel parish church of St. Josef . A canteen was maintained for the workers .

The Beuel factory was the first in Germany to process jute from the raw fiber to the finished fabric. The raw jute imported from India or Pakistan was transported from Rotterdam with river barges to the Beuel shipyard south of the terminus of the Bröltalbahn (today the location of the Kennedy Bridge ) until the railway line on the right bank of the Rhine was built . From there, the 180 kg jute bales were brought to the spinning mill by horse and cart. The coarse fabric made from the jute yarn in the factory was used to make sacks and as a raw material for the production of linoleum floors .

First World War

According to the annual report of Westdeutsche Jute-Spinnerei und Weberei AG zu Beuel near Bonn, the business year 1914 was unfavorable. Initially, a general decline in demand meant that the Jute Spinning Association had to reduce the production volume of the affiliated companies, which had already been reduced by 10% in 1913, by a further 20% for 1914. From the beginning of the war, delivery bottlenecks for imported raw materials, which were exacerbated by the British sea blockade in the North Sea , led to a gradual reduction in production at the Beuel plant. The seizure of raw jute stocks from foreign companies in Germany could not compensate for the shortage. The production was adjusted to the needs of the army according to the instructions of the War Ministry . From August 1918, production in Beuel had to be completely stopped.

Interwar period

In 1922, the company's share capital was increased from 3.6 to 6.95 million marks to finance company expansions and the increased procurement costs for the raw material . In the following year, the factory operated as Vereinigte Jute-Spinnereien und Webereien Aktiengesellschaft, Beuel branch, vorm. West German jute spinning and weaving mill . 1924 there was a merger of several German Jutespinnereien where the factory was involved in Beuel. The company was incorporated into the Vereinigte Jutepinnereien und Webereien AG (Hamburg). At the end of the 1920s, economic problems arose again as a result of the global economic crisis ; The plant's turnover fell from around 6 million Reichsmarks in 1928 to 1.9 million Reichsmarks in 1931.

The raw jute store with products from India and Pakistan in the Beuel plant of the Vereinigte Jute-Spinnereien und Webereien AG (Hamburg), 1953
Rewinding spinning bobbins on cops
Preparing a warp beam on the sizing machine in the Beuel factory, 1953

Second world war and forced labor

During the Second World War , mainly Wehrmacht orders (e.g. packaging material or sacks for briquettes and nutritional products from the occupied territories in the Baltic States and the Soviet Union) were fulfilled.

From 1940, forced laborers were used. Initially, most of these workers came from occupied Poland as well as from France and the Netherlands. In June 1940, 25 Polish girls aged between thirteen and twenty were sent to Beuel from the employment office in Sieradz . Others came from Zduńska Wola . The jute mill was the largest employer of Polish forced laborers in Bonn. From 1941 the workforce came mainly from the Soviet Union. In 1942, around 150 male and 250 female forced laborers, including young people, were employed at the Beuel plant. Two shifts of 12 hours each, children worked 8 hours. Women and girls lived in barracks known as girls' homes. The overcrowding of the sleeping places and the poor working conditions led to tuberculosis cases and deaths.

During the first heavy air raid on Bonn, which had long been spared during the war and which resulted in considerable damage and 55 deaths on February 4, 1944, the buildings of the jute factory were also hit and destroyed except for the surrounding walls.

post war period

Production was interrupted until the systems were provisionally restored, but could still be resumed in 1945. By the 1950s, the number of employees rose again to 500. In the post-war period, however, the German jute industry got into a structural crisis: The growing countries India and Pakistan began to process the raw jute themselves and to offer the low-labor yarns and fabrics at reasonable prices in Europe. In addition, the demand for jute decreased due to the development of new packaging materials. From 1954 onwards, the Beuel factory switched to the production of synthetic leather and plastic floor coverings on a textile basis. 1961 took over Dresdner Bank , the United Jutespinnereien and weaving AG and began the restructuring of the company. In the same year the remaining spinning machines and looms in Beuel were dismantled in order to expand the plastics processing instead. In 1963 the plant was renamed DUBLETTA-Kunststoffwerk, plant of the United Jute-Spinnerei und Webereien AG, Hamburg . In the composite flooring market segment, Dubletta was soon successful. The coverings consisted of several layers of rolled felt , for the production of which jute was still necessary, but not its processing by spinning or weaving. Due to the strong demand, there was an increase in capacity in 1963 with the construction of another machine line, which enabled the production of 2 meter wide decks. In 1964, 5 million square meters of Dubletta flooring were sold. The focus of sales was in Germany, with exports to Switzerland, the Scandinavian countries and Italy.

After a successful renovation, the Vereinigte Jutepinnereien und Webereien AG (and with it the Beuel plant) was acquired by Dynamit Nobel AG in June 1965 . Parts of the property were rented out for storage purposes. Up to 1980 PVC products were still manufactured here with up to 200 employees. Then this production was also stopped. In 1981 the city of Bonn acquired the factory.

In 1987 - at that time still controversial - the 10,000 forced laborers who were deployed in Bonn during the Second World War were commemorated for the first time: pupils from the Beuel Integrated Comprehensive School erected a memorial for executed forced laborers on the Finkenberg in Limperich . As part of a student competition "Traces of National Socialism" initiated by the Federal Agency for Civic Education in 2003 , students from the Sankt-Adelheid-Gymnasium organized a memorial plaque for forced laborers in the former Beuel jute factory. It was unveiled in May 2005 in the presence of media representatives and guests from Ukraine.

Reuse

The factories taken over by the city are now used for cultural purposes. A part of the “ Schauspiel-Halle Beuel ” is used for theater performances. The rehearsal stages and theatrical workshops of the municipal theaters as well as stores for stage sets and stocks are housed here, as well as the Pantheon Theater since October 2016 .

The Monument and History Association Bonn-Rechtsrheinisch is committed to maintaining the complex.

building

There were essentially two phases in the construction of the factory. The imposing spinning and weaving house is at the center of the facility. It dates from 1868 and was roughly doubled to the east in 1898. The brick building has decorated gables and high arched windows . The boiler house with the 46 meter high chimney, the machine house and a small workshop building also belong to the older, preserved buildings of the plant. The extensions built in 1897/1898 are mainly located along Siegburger Straße. They shape the appearance of the system. Inside, they are cut through the entire length of the old rope passage . The gatehouse and an administration building were built in 1910. They flank the works driveway. On the opposite side of Siegburger Straße is the director's villa in a small park area. The building was heavily modified after war damage, so that the historicist architecture was largely lost. The villa is in the axis of the main entrance to the jute factory. The facades of the former weaving mill are listed.

  • Jute spinning mill in Beuel, aerial view (2017)

  • Machine hall

  • Workshop building

  • Boiler house

  • Administration building

  • Forced laborers plaque

See also

Web links

Commons : Jutespinnerei Beuel  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Rainer Schmidt: Monuments in Beuel. Jute mill is now a theater. In: Bonner General-Anzeiger from November 16, 2015
  2. ↑ List of monuments of the city of Bonn (as of March 15, 2019), p. 53, number A 3456
  3. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k The Beuel jute spinning mill. In: Heimat- und Geschichtsverein Beuel am Rhein (Ed.): Monument paths in the Beuel district. Bonn 2004. Digitized version ( Memento from October 31, 2016 in the Internet Archive )
  4. ↑ a b c d e Anna Koll-Broser (Red.): Monument Preservation Plan Bonn-Beuel. Bonn o. J., p. 43. ( online ( memento of the original from April 2, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice . ) @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.bonn.de
  5. ↑ On the State of Commerce and Industry. In: Latest Mittheilungen , 5th year 1886, No. 83 (from August 17, 1886) ( online in the newspaper information system of the Berlin State Library )
  6. ↑ Marlene Ellerkamp: industrial work, disease and gender. On the social costs of industrialization. Bremen textile workers 1870–1914. (= Critical Studies in History , Volume 95.) Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht , Göttingen 1991, ISBN 978-3-64735-758-4 , p. 32. ( limited preview on Google books )
  7. ↑ Marlene Ellerkamp: industrial work, disease and gender. On the social costs of industrialization. Bremen textile workers 1870–1914. (= Critical Studies in History , Volume 95.) Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht , Göttingen 1991, ISBN 978-3-64735-758-4 , p. 128. ( limited preview of Google books )
  8. ↑ a b c d Barbara Manthe: Judges in the National Socialist War Society. (= Contributions to the legal history of the 20th century , Volume 75.) Mohr Siebeck , 2013, ISBN 978-3-16152-754-8 , pp. 190 ff. ( Limited preview of Google books )
  9. ↑ a b Betina Köhl: City walk. First white laundry, then factory chimneys. In: Bonner General-Anzeiger from April 4, 2013 ( online )
  10. ↑ St. Paulus, Beuel Ost , website of the parish association An Rhein und Sieg , Archdiocese of Cologne
  11. ^ Johanna Heinz: Theater in Beuel. The Beuel hall was opened as a venue 30 years ago. In: Bonner General-Anzeiger of October 3, 2014 ( online )
  12. ↑ a b c d Category: From the municipal news , March 9, 1915, Bonner Zeitung in: Bonn in the First World War 1914 to 1918 , Bonner Geschichtswerkstatt eV
  13. ^ Economic supplement to the magazine Textile Workers , No. 1 (4) of January 27, 1922, p. 2 (18). ( online as PDF)
  14. ↑ E. Nonnenmacher: The jute. In: Reginald Oliver Herzog (ed.). Technology of Textile Fibers , Volume 5, Part 3. Springer-Verlag , 1930/2013, ISBN 978-3-64290-899-6 , p. 85 f. ( limited preview on Google Books )
  15. ↑ Other locations of the newly formed group were in Bautzen , Harburg / Elbe , Mannheim-Waldhof , Oppeln , Ostritz , Schiffbek , Leipzig-Lindenau , Hersfeld, Egelsdorf and Ullersdorf, according to Project: Hamburg address books , Hamburg State and University Library , unknown directory, p. 608
  16. ^ Helmut Vogt: Kommunalkredit through bank foundation. The role of the municipal administration in the early years of the Bank for Commerce and Industry in Beuel 1925–1933. In: Brauweiler Kreis für Landes- und Zeitgeschichte eV (Ed.): Geschichte im Westen , issue 1/1997, p. 108. ( online as PDF)
  17. ↑ a b c Historical Association for the Lower Rhine (eds.), Rudolf Schieffer, Manuel Hagemann and others: Annals of the Historical Association for the Lower Rhine , issue 218 (2015). Böhlau Verlag , Cologne / Weimar 2016, ISBN 978-3-41250-624-7 , p. 206. ( limited preview of Google books )
  18. ↑ Carina Haas, Kristina Wißborn, Andreas Pascal: Forced research in Germany. Online at H-Soz-Kult , April 2006
  19. ↑ Polish forced laborers in Bonn , as part of the project: What was - what will be? , Project of the Lyceum in Adama Mickiewicza in Warsaw and the Integrated Comprehensive School Bonn-Beuel , p. 1
  20. ↑ a b Ursula Hartlapp, Laura Euchler (ed.): The jute spinning mill. Earlier. (Thinking Day 2006)
  21. ↑ Helmut Vogt: 11. The destruction on October 18, 1944 . In: Bonn in the bombing war 1939-1945 on the portal Rheinische Geschichte
  22. ^ Michael Horst, Volker Hofmann: Dubletta Kunststoffwerk . On the website of the Kunststoff-Museum Troisdorf (Verein Kunststoff-Museum Troisdorf (Museumsverein) eV), accessed on March 13, 2009
  23. ↑ The spinning continues ... In: The time of January 18, 1963
  24. ^ Historical development of Dynamit Nobel AG . On the website of the Kunststoff-Museum Troisdorf (Verein Kunststoff-Museum Troisdorf (Museumsverein) eV)
  25. ↑ Barbara Buchholz: A topic that has been kept secret for a long time. In: Kölnische Rundschau from April 7, 2006 ( online )
  26. ↑ Ursula Hartlapp, Laura Euchler and others: The memorial plaque .
  27. ↑ Information on the website of the German Foundation for Monument Protection
  28. ^ Information on the website of the Monument and History Association Bonn
  29. ↑ German Foundation for Monument Protection (ed.): Program for the Open Monument Day 2016, North Rhine-Westphalia. P. 20. ( online as PDF)

Coordinates: 50 ° 44 ′ 26.9 ″  N , 7 ° 7 ′ 51.7 ″  E