Ellipanthus
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Ellipanthus unifoliatus , illustration |
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Ellipanthus is a plant kind from the family of connaraceae . It occurs with seven types of shrubs and small trees in tropical Asia and East Africa .
description
Vegetative characteristics
The Ellipanthus species are shrubs or small trees. The helically arranged leaves have a thickened, articulated petiole. Stipules are missing. The simple, undivided leaf blades are entire and pinnate. They correspond to the terminal leaflets of the leaflets that otherwise occur in the family.
Generative characteristics
The inflorescences are small axillary panicles or grapes , which in some species can also be tightly knotted. The small lanceolate bracts fall off early. The flower stalks are articulated near their tip.
The small, radial symmetry flowers are mostly hermaphroditic , heterodistylic and proterandric . In Ellipanthus beccarii and occasionally in other species the flowers are unisexual. In these cases the gender distribution is diocesan . In most species the flowers are predominantly five-fold, only in Ellipanthus beccarii they are predominantly four-fold. The ± free sepals, which are folded in the bud, are densely hairy on the outside. They remain after flowering, but do not enlarge. The free, in the bud dachziegelig ( cochlear ) wide petals are greenish, cream or white and significantly longer than the sepals. They are hairy on the outside and usually also on the inside. The stamens are twice the number of petals and are in two circles. Their stamens are hairy and fused together at the base to form a short tube, bare on the outside and hairy on the inside. The outer, in front of the sepals, fertile stamens are much longer than the inner, in front of the petals, formed as sterile staminodes . The short anthers are dorsifix in their lower half, that is, attached to the stamen on their back, and curve outward during flowering. They open intrors, that is towards the center of the flower, lengthways. The pen and the ovary are hairy shaggy, the scar little head shaped. There is only one carpel , the fruit is a weakly stalked, egg-shaped follicle , which is thickly tomentose on the outside and completely bald on the inside and opens when ripe.
The dark, shiny seeds are attached individually, rarely as a pair, to the inside of the bellows and have a fleshy outer layer, the so-called sarcotesta , which covers the base of the seed in an oblique manner. The endosperm is extremely thin, the cotyledons thick and slightly flattened, the radicula is pointed.
distribution
The genus is ancient , the species are found in South and Southeast Asia , as well as in East Africa and Madagascar .
Taxonomy and systematics
The genus Ellipanthus was described by Joseph Dalton Hooker in 1862 . Hooker in the first description Although Connarus unifoliolatus Thwaites and Connarus monophyllus Wall. , a noun nudum , is mentioned as an associated species, but the corresponding name combinations are not carried out. As Lektotypus was ellipanthus unifoliolatus set.
Pseudellipanthus G. Schellenb . and Trichostephania Tardieu are synonyms . Some authors have treated the African genus Hemandradenia Stapf as a synonym for Ellipanthus in the past . Hemandradenia is distinguished by its follicles, which do not open when ripe.
Within the family, Ellipanthus is placed in the tribe Connareae.
etymology
The name Ellipanthus can be derived from the two ancient Greek words ἐλλιπής ( ellipḗs , dt. Defective, faulty ) and ἄνθος ( ánthos , dt. Blossom ). The name refers to the fact that one of the two stamen circles is transformed into sterile staminodes.
species
There are seven types:
| Scientific name | distribution | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| Ellipanthus beccarii Pierre | Borneo | 2 varieties |
| Ellipanthus calophyllus short | Andaman Islands | |
| Ellipanthus glabrifolius Merr. | Hainan | |
| Ellipanthus madagascariensis ( G.Schellenb. ) Capuron | Kenya , Tanzania , Madagascar | |
| Ellipanthus razanatsimae Randrian. & Lowry | eastern central Madagascar | |
| Ellipanthus tomentosus short | South India ( Kerala ), widespread in Southeast Asia | 2 subspecies, one of them with 3 varieties |
| Ellipanthus unifoliolatus (Thwaites) Thwaites | Sri Lanka |
swell
- JH Hemsley: Connaraceae. In: WB Turrill, E. Milne-Redhead (Ed.): Flora of Tropical East Africa. Crown Agents for Oversea Governments and Administrations, London 1956. Ellipanthus online
- PW Leenhouts: Connaraceae. In: Flora Malesiana. Ser. I, Vol. 5 (4), Botanic Gardens of Indonesia, Bogor, Rijksherbarium, Leyden 1958, pp. 495-541.
- RHMJ Lemmens, FJ Breteler, CCH Jongkind: Connaraceae. In: K. Kubitzki (Ed.): The families and genera of Vascular Plants. Vol. VI: Flowering Plants: Dicotyledons: Celastrales, Oxalidales, Rosales, Cornales, Ericales. Springer, Berlin / Heidelberg / New York 2004, ISBN 3-540-06512-1 , pp. 74-81. (Preview in Google Book Search)
- Lu Lingdi, NJ Turland: Connaraceae. In: Flora of China. Vol. 9: Pittosporaceae through Connaraceae. Science Press, Beijing, Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, 2003, ISBN 1-930723-14-8 , pp. 435-439. Ellipanthus online
- MS Mondal: Connaraceae. In: NP Singh, JN Vohra, PK Hajra, DK Singh (eds.): Flora of India. Vol. 5: Olacaceae - Connaraceae. Botanical Survey of India, Calcutta 2000, pp. 519-540.
Individual evidence
- ↑ JD Hooker: Ordo LVI. Connaraceae. In: G. Bentham, JD Hooker: Genera Plantarum ad exemplaria imprimis in herbariis Kewensibus servata definita. Vol. 1 (1), London 1862, pp. 430-434. (on-line)
- ↑ ER Farr, G. Zijlstra (Ed.): Ellipanthus. In: Index Nominum Genericorum (Plantarum). Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, 1996, accessed November 27, 2012 .
- ↑ Ellipanthus. In: Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), ARS, National Genetic Resources Program, National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland, accessed November 27, 2012 .
- ↑ PW Leenhouts: Connaraceae. In: Flora Malesiana. Ser. I, Vol. 5 (4), Botanic Gardens of Indonesia, Bogor, Rijksherbarium, Leyden 1958, p. 520.
- ↑ RHMJ Lemmens, FJ Breteler, CCH Jongkind: Connaraceae. In: K. Kubitzki (Ed.): The families and genera of Vascular Plants. Vol. VI: Flowering Plants: Dicotyledons: Celastrales, Oxalidales, Rosales, Cornales, Ericales. Springer, Berlin / Heidelberg / New York 2004, ISBN 3-540-06512-1 , p. 78. (Preview in Google book search)
- ↑ L. Tipot: Connaraceae. In: E. Soepadmo, KW Wong (Ed.): Tree Flora of Sabah and Sarawak. Vol. 1, Forest Research Institute Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, et al. a. 1995, ISBN 983-9592-34-3 , pp. 187-197.
- ↑ RHMJ Lemmens: A reconsideration of ellipanthus (connaraceae) in Madagascar and continental Africa, and a comparison with the species in Asia. In: Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle. Ser. 4, 14, Sect. B, Adansonia. 1, 1992, pp. 99-108. (on-line)
- ^ A. Randrianasolo, PP Lowry: A new species of Ellipanthus Hook, f. (Connaraceae) from humid forest in east-central Madagascar. In: Adansonia. sér. 3, 32, 2010, pp. 229-233. (PDF) ( Memento from April 22, 2013 in the Internet Archive )
