Emma (magazine)

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Emma
logo
description women magazine
Area of ​​Expertise women's rights
language German
publisher Emma Frauenverlags GmbH (Germany)
Headquarters Cologne
first edition January 26, 1977
frequency of publication bimonthly ( 1977–2009 )
trimonthly ( 2010–2012 )
bimonthly ( from 2013 )
Edition sold 38,100 copies
(Emma media data for 2020)
Editor Alice Schwarzer
web link www.emma.de
ISSN _ 0721-9741

Emma is a German language feminist consumer magazine . It was founded in 1977 by a collective and later continued by the journalist Alice Schwarzer alone. It is currently published bi-monthly. In 2020, the sold circulation was 38,100 copies. The editorial office is located above Schwarzer's FrauenMediaTurm Foundation in Cologne 's Bayenturm .

Surname

The name "Emma" was chosen for its catchiness and as a pun on " emancipation ". Editor Alice Schwarzer said:

“It turned up at some point and we liked it. Not only because of the allusion to em(m)ancipation, but also because it was the self-ironic opposite of the flatly expected: What would it be called, this magazine of the now completely megalomaniac blacks? nora The Avenger? The Amazon? No. Emma. Quite simply Emma.”

development

The first issue of Emma appeared on January 26, 1977 with a circulation of around 200,000 copies. Alice Schwarzer financed the launch of the magazine with 250,000 marks from her author fees and 20,000 marks from loans from two employees (which she repaid after one year with 10 percent interest). Since the first issue, Emma has been considered the leading leaf of feminism in German-speaking countries. Alice Schwarzer, television editor Angelika Wittlich , local editor Sabine Schruff and Christiane Ensslin (sister of Gudrun Ensslin ) sat in the first editorial team . The magazine has expressly positioned itself politically and economically independently; according to its own statements, it can finance itself almost entirely through kiosk sales and subscription fees and is not dependent on advertisements.

At the beginning of December 2007, Schwarzer announced that he would hand over the editorship of Emma to television journalist and columnist Lisa Ortgies by spring 2008 at the latest . Schwarzer stated that he would continue to contribute as a publisher, editor and author. However, on May 31, 2008, two months after taking office, Ortgies left the magazine. A public controversy arose around the dismissal, in which u. a. an ongoing influence of Schwarzer on day-to-day business, differences about the direction of the magazine and the (non-) compatibility of family and career were discussed in the Emma editorial team.

Since the first issue in 2010 (issue 294), Emma has only appeared four times a year and no longer every two months as in previous years. At the same time, she announced a relaunch and the strengthening of the online presence. However, since the January/February 2013 issue, the magazine has again been published every two months. The reasons for this are the multiple requests from female readers and the renewed topicality of "women's issues". In addition, the price of the magazine was reduced from EUR 9.80 to EUR 7.50 to accommodate younger readers.

edition

Emma is one of the German magazines with the greatest circulation losses in recent years. The sold circulation was 44,687 copies in the second quarter of 2007, the time of the last report to the IVW . The newspaper then stopped reporting the circulation figures to the IVW. According to their own information, the number of copies sold in 2019 was 25,717. This corresponds to a decrease of 31,193 copies or 55 percent compared to 1999.

Development of the sold circulation
1998 to 2006 IVW, fourth quarter; from 2007 publisher information

content

Logo Porn

The Emma deals with a range of topics such as education, family, politics and the world of work, as well as culture, media, religion and pornography . According to a 2005 study, politics, personal roles and the media make up the majority of articles. In this way, Emma differs fundamentally from conventional women's magazines and occupies a special position in the German media landscape.

According to Emma , she is committed to women and to unrestricted equal opportunities for women and men, which, from the magazine's point of view, is expressed in specific projects and campaigns that Emma has supported or initiated, for example:

Furthermore, the magazine repeatedly (self-)critically addresses the controversies within the modern women's movement and topics such as " abuse with abuse " and conscription for women .

Ever since the magazine was founded, Franziska Becker 's satirical cartoons have been an integral part of Emma . With her picture stories, Becker comments on feminist topics and the world of women and men in every issue. For her life's work, she was awarded the "Göttinger Elch" satirical prize in 2012 as "Germany's funniest women's rights activist".

In Germany, Emma is a prototype for forms of feminist media publicity, but encountered resistance within feminist discourse with her positions on, for example, pornography or women in Islam . Like other international feminist media, the magazine brought topics into social discussion that were previously unpublic.

Female Journalist Award

The Emma Journalist Prize , initiated by Alice Schwarzer, has been awarded every two years since 1990 and has been supported by the federal government since 2012. Minister of State for Culture Bernd Neumann sees the award as a promotion of quality journalism. "The EMMA prize is intended to promote and honor those journalists who deal critically with social issues - but in a professional manner, i. H. informative and creative with thorough research.”

Negative award "Sexist Man Alive"

Since 2019, the Emma editorial team has been awarding the negative prize "Sexist Man Alive" for what they consider to be the most misogynistic man of the year. The award name is a nod to People magazine's Sexiest Man Alive award . The first negative prize went to the rapper Kollegah because of misogynist texts, in 2020 the FDP chairman Christian Lindner received it because of insinuations in a speech. Pope Francis got it in 2021 ; despite some positive traits, he is still "head of an apartheid system in which women are second-class citizens".

sociopolitical positions

Sexuality and sadomasochism

Especially in the early years, Emma devoted a lot of space to the sexuality debate. In 1977 the magazine ran the title Our Sexual Fantasies . The trigger was the book by the American Nancy Friday . In the September 1977 issue, psychoanalyst Margarete Mitscherlich analyzed the difference between masochistic fantasies and reality:

"The fact that masochistic fantasies are so plentiful in women must be due to their centuries of familial bondage [...]. Women could often only defend themselves against internalization and the associated helplessness by turning passively oppressed beings into active creators of their suffering with the help of their imagination.”

In November 1981, Emma headlined Pat Califia 's theses , giving space to the debate on sadomasochism in general and SM among lesbians in particular. In 1982 Emma published the special volume Sexuality , in which i.a. Alice Schwarzer continues her theses of the "small difference". She reiterated that eroticism is traditionally associated with men with power and women with powerlessness. However, at the same time, she noted: “In erotic masochism, women not only repeat their political submission. They also try to derive pleasure from this ritualization in bed – and sometimes even with staged submission. Submission, surrender, devotion are elementary components of eroticism. Just like conquering and overpowering. It only becomes bad when it is decoupled from social reality, when we are committed to a one-sided part and we women conclude our destiny for general submission from sexual devotion.”

Feminist criticism of pornography, which began in the USA in the 1970s, triggered violent debates that culminated in the 1987 Pornography campaign in the Federal Republic of Germany by Emma magazine . Emma turned to all members of the German Bundestag as well as Justice Minister Hans A. Engelhard and Family Minister Rita Süssmuth with a draft law she had developed for a general ban on pornography . Some feminists, who advocated a "free culture of sexuality" in Claudia Gehrke 's anthology Women & Pornography (1988) , spoke out against the demands it contained . The existing legal situation is sufficient to prohibit the glorification of violent, misogynistic and anti-minority pornography. A major bone of contention was sadomasochistic sex. Claudia Gehrke took the view that it was a legitimate desire, also with a view to the SM lesbian scene, that could be understood as a sexual game. 22 years later, Kathrin Passig and Ira Strübel wrote a handbook for sadomasochists , according to which BDSM represents a form of self-determination. "The fact that it means a big and liberating step for quite a few women to put their sadomasochistic fantasies into practice is still not foreseen in the Emma universe."

35 years after Alice Schwarzer's The Little Difference and Its Big Consequences, Emma published a dossier in the spring 2010 issue entitled "What about Sex ? " , Eva Rieger . One of the main topics was sadomasochism and sexual fantasies. In the introductory article, Alice Schwarzer wrote: “A lot has happened since then. Women have become more independent and self-confident in life – and thus also in sexuality.”

In the article Sexualfantasy & Masochism: Sexual Fantasies and Their Causes , Schwarzer traces the debate that feminists started in the 1970s, citing in her summary the psychoanalyst and scientific author Brett Kahr , who, after analyzing 15,000 sexual fantasies on the comes to an end:

“There is a close connection between sexual fantasies and childhood history. The fantasies almost always have something to do with early childhood imprints or even injuries and trauma.”

Pornography in Universities

In the December 1991 issue of Emma , Ursula Ott reported against the background of the PorNo campaign about pornography on universities' Usenet , according to which, according to Ott, professors and students misused computer technology to consume pornography. Ott argued that this data would tie up bandwidth and storage space on tax-financed infrastructure for non-university purposes. This Emma article started the public debate about pornography on the internet. After some mass media also reported on it, many universities blocked access to all "sex-related newsgroups" - "regardless of whether pornography was actually distributed there or sexual harassment at work was discussed".

internet activities

After the magazine had been critical of the possibilities of the new media for years, it finally developed its own website under the domain emma.de in 2002 with a moderated forum, which was supplemented by online clubs that are only accessible to registered members . Since September 2011, all issues from 1977 to 2011 have been digitized and can be read online in the EMMA reading room.

Example: online campaign for unisex tariffs

In 2004, Emma took part in the efforts for unisex tariffs with health insurance companies and insurance companies. The Emma website offered the download of leaflets, sample speeches and accounts. The users were asked to leave a short statement in the "I'm in!" section. On June 30, 2004, 1598 statements were recorded.

Appeal against prostitution

In late October 2013, Emma launched an appeal against prostitution , which was supported by 90 prominent first-time signers and garnered more than 10,000 signatures. The signatories called for an amendment to the 2002 Prostitution Act, which had codified prostitution under civil law as a regular trade and thus liberalized its practice. As a result of this reform, "Germany has become Europe's hub for trafficking in women and a paradise for sex tourists from neighboring countries". Measures should be taken “that lead to containment in the short term and to abolition of the system of prostitution in the long term”. Suitors should be outlawed or possibly punished. In addition, the exit from prostitution should be promoted with a whole package of measures. The appeal was addressed and widely discussed in the German and international media. There was both approval and rejection.

Article on the crash of Germanwings flight 4U9525

After the crash of Germanwings flight 4U9525 on March 24, 2015, Emma published an article by Luise Pusch with the introduction "Amok trips are a man's business" to promote a quota of women in the cockpit. This use of the misfortune was picked up by several media and met with criticism, especially on social networks. The article also quotes Gabriela Stoppe, psychiatrist and vice-president of Ipsilon, the umbrella organization for suicide prevention in Switzerland: “It would not only make sense to hire more women to transport people because of the mix, but above all because of safety ’ as women have a significantly lower suicide rate. Associations such as the Austrian Women's Ring called for a discussion of the proposal.

attitudes towards the trans debate

The Emma has been criticized for her publicized stances on the trans debate. She wrote:

“ Greens and Liberals want to enshrine the following points: 1. Gender as a pure ' speech act '. The body, the biological gender (sex), become irrelevant, only the self-definition ( gender ) counts.”

Similarly, the magazine criticized that in Britain a law could make sex subject solely to self-declaration, giving men access to women's changing rooms and women's toilets or allowing them to be held in women's prisons. In April 2021, Emma headlined : Sweden: Stop the Trans Train! against the legislation in the Scandinavian country.

In the May 2021 article A Star Crashes: Marguerite Stern Made the Mistake of Criticizing Trans Craze , Emma describes an alleged victim of trans activists. In June 2021, the magazine published an article by feminist Meghan Murphy entitled JK Rowling : Burn as a witch? In January 2022, Emma called Green politician Tessa Ganserer a man and criticized Ganserer's placement on a women's quota on the state green list in Bavaria.

literature

web links

itemizations

  1. ↑ Alice Schwarzer's "Emma" is back every two months. In: horizont.net. November 22, 2012
  2. ↑ Wayback Machine. 4 May 2021, retrieved 4 May 2021 .
  3. ↑ Alice Schwarzer: About Emma. Emma about Emma: Emma is alive! In: Emma 's website
  4. ↑ Alice Schwarzer: Alice in the land of men. Kiepenheuer & Witsch, Cologne 2002
  5. ^ Page no longer available , search in web archives: www.aliceschwarzer.de@1@2Template: dead link/www.aliceschwarzer.de
  6. ↑ The magazine "Emma" appears for the first time. ( Memento from February 2, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) In: SR 2 Kulturradio Zeitzeichen. January 26, 1977
  7. ↑ Moderator Lisa Ortgies takes over. In: Mirror Online . December 7, 2007
  8. ↑ The new Alice Schwarzer is called Lisa Ortgies. In: FAZ.net . December 7, 2007
  9. ↑ Markus Brauck, Rafaela von Bredow, Isabell sleeves , Michaela Schiessl: In the neck of the new . In: The Mirror . No. 23 , 2008, p. 102 ( online – June 2, 2008 ).
  10. ↑ cf. B. After the end of "Emma" - Lisa Ortgies complains. ( Memento of 3 March 2009 at the Internet Archive ) In: RP Online . May 30, 2008
  11. ↑ Statement on media coverage of Emma/Lisa Ortgies.  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as broken. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. In: Emma. June 1, 2008 (press release; PDF; 6 kB)@1@2Template: dead link/www.emma.de  
  12. ↑ Thorsten Dörting: Schwarzer's Burma blunder. "Irresponsible polemics". In: Mirror Online. June 3, 2008
  13. ↑ Ulrike Demmer, Angela Gatterburg, Dietmar Hipp, Ulrike Knöfel, Reinhard Mohr: Title: Half men, whole women . In: The Mirror . tape 26 , June 23, 2008 ( spiegel.de [accessed October 20, 2018]).
  14. ↑ And the price of the magazine falls: "Emma" appears every two months again. In: cress report . September 24, 2012
  15. ↑ IVW : Emma (2-monthly) , retrieved December 14, 2017
  16. ↑ Emma Media Data No. 34 ( Memento of January 17, 2020 in the Internet Archive ); also: No. 28 ( memento of 24 November 2016 in the Internet Archive ); No. 29 ( Memento of 24 September 2015 at the Internet Archive ); No. 30 ( Memento of 14 December 2017 at the Internet Archive ); #31 ( Memento of August 29, 2017 at Internet Archive ), retrieved December 14, 2017
  17. ↑ Alexandra Kühte: The image of women in the feminist magazine EMMA: an investigation into the representation of women and the treatment of women-specific issues . Scientific publishing house Berlin, Berlin 2005, ISBN 978-3-86573-056-5 .
  18. ↑ Emma, ​​Campaigns
  19. ↑ Big Emma Issues Clitoral Mutilation
  20. ↑ Big Emma Issues Abuse
  21. ↑ Big Emma Topics Pornography
  22. ↑ Big Emma Topics Islamism
  23. ↑ Large Emma topics all-day school
  24. ↑ Half of the ball for the women ( February 11, 2010 memento at the Internet Archive )
  25. ↑ Girlsday ( Memento of November 13, 2009 at the Internet Archive )
  26. ^ "Göttinger Elk" for cartoonist Franziska Becker. In: Time Online . January 29, 2012
  27. ↑ Margreth Lünenborg, Tanja Maier: Gender Media Studies. An introduction. UTB, Stuttgart 2013, ISBN 978-3-8252-3872-8 , p. 67
  28. ↑ Minister of State for Culture Bernd Neumann calls for more women in chief editors.  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as broken. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Press and Information Office of the Federal Government, May 15, 2012@1@2Template: dead link/www.bundesregierung.de  
  29. ↑ "Emma": Pope is "Sexist Man Alive". Retrieved October 25, 2021 .
  30. ↑ Margarete Mitscherlich: Are women masochistic? In: Emma. 9/1977
  31. ↑ Alice Schwarzer: Seven years after the small difference. In: Emma - special volume Sexuality, 1983
  32. ↑ Janett Reinstädler: Position games (additional Univ. Diss.). Erich Schmidt Verlag, Berlin 1996, ISBN 3-503-03758-6 , p. 19, 24 f.
  33. ↑ Kathrin Passig, Ira Strübel: The choice of agony. Handbook for sadomasochists and those who want to become one , Rowohlt Verlag , 2000, ISBN 3-499-60944-4 , Chapter 5 "Can they do that? – The legal situation”, section “Excursus: The PorNO campaign in Germany”
  34. ↑ Alice Schwarzer: The small difference and its big consequences: women about themselves. beginning of liberation. New edition Fischer TB, Frankfurt, 2002, ISBN 3-596-15446-4
  35. ↑ Emma Dossier What about Sex? Spring 2010
  36. ↑ Alice Schwarzer: A lot has happened since "The Small Difference". ( Memento of 20 October 2012 at the Internet Archive ) In: Emma. Spring 2010
  37. ↑ Alice Schwarzer: Sexual Fantasy & Masochism. In: Emma. Spring 2010
  38. ↑ Cf. Brett Kahr: Sex & Psyche. Penguin UK, 2008, ISBN 978-0-14-102484-4 ; idem: Who's Been Sleeping in Your Head: The Secret World of Sexual Fantasies - Basic Books, London 2009, ISBN 978-0-465-03767-4
  39. ↑ Cf. the article by Ursula Ott: Pornos im Uni-Computer. In: Emma. 12/1991, pp. 14-16
  40. ↑ Hartmut Neuendorff , Gerd Peter, Rüdiger Klatt (eds.): Are new media changing reality? Lit Verlag, 2000, ISBN 978-3-8258-4692-3 , p. 77
  41. ↑ Achim Bühle: The virtual society of the 21st century: Social change in the digital age. VS Verlag for social sciences, 2nd edition 2000, ISBN 978-3-531-23123-5 , p. 438 f.
  42. ↑ Christina Schachtner , Gabriele Winker : Virtual Spaces, New Public Spheres: Women's Networks on the Internet. Campus Verlag, Frankfurt 2005, ISBN 3-593-37726-8 , p. 61
  43. ↑ Emma Reading Room
  44. ↑ Christina Schachtner, Gabriele Winker: Virtual Spaces, New Public Spheres: Women's Networks on the Internet. Campus Verlag, Frankfurt 2005, ISBN 3-593-37726-8 , p. 67
  45. ↑ Appeal against prostitution. (PDF; 51 kB) Emma, accessed 13 November 2013 .
  46. ↑ "Emma" campaign: With celebrities against the "prostitution system". In: Mirror Online. October 28, 2013, retrieved November 13, 2013 .
  47. ↑ Luise F. Pusch: Quota for women in the cockpit! In: Emma. 27 March 2015, retrieved 10 February 2017 (comment).
  48. ↑ Dead for the quota?! In: Stern.de . March 29, 2015
  49. ↑ Tatjana Kerschbaumer: Quota for women in the cockpit? In: Daily Mirror . March 28, 2015
  50. ↑ Jenny Becker: Women's quota: "Amok trips are men's business". In: Time Online. March 29, 2015
  51. ^ " Between Dysphoria & Role Break". Retrieved 4 May 2021 .
  52. ↑ England: Successfully prevented! Retrieved 4 May 2021 .
  53. ↑ Sweden: Stop the Trans-Train! Retrieved 4 May 2021 .
  54. ↑ Marguerite in Paris: A star falls. Retrieved 5 May 2021 .
  55. ↑ JK Rowling: burn as a witch? Retrieved 4 May 2021 .
  56. ↑ Ganserer: The quota woman. In: Emma. Retrieved January 25, 2022 .
  57. ↑ "Emma" raises spirits against trans MPs. Retrieved January 21, 2022 (German).