Germanwings flight 9525

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Germanwings flight 9525
Airbus 320-Germanwings D-AIPX 2014-06-08 retouched.jpg

D-AIPX (June 2014)
Accident summary
Accident type Pilot suicide
place Prads-Haute-Bléone , Alpes-de-Haute-Provence , France 44 ° 17 ′  N , 6 ° 26 ′  E Coordinates: 44 ° 17 ′  N , 6 ° 26 ′  EFranceFrance 
date March 24, 2015
Fatalities 150
Survivors 0
Aircraft
Aircraft type Airbus A320-211
operator GermanyGermany Germanwings
Mark D-AIPX
Departure airport Barcelona Airport , Spain
SpainSpain 
Destination airport Düsseldorf Airport , Germany
GermanyGermany 
Passengers 144
crew 6th
Lists of aviation accidents
Course from flight 9525 to impact
Flight route shortly before impact
Altitude in meters of flight 9525 from take-off to impact

The Germanwings flight 9525 ( flight number 4U 9525 , call sign GWI18G ) was a scheduled flight of the Germanwings airline from Barcelona to Düsseldorf . On March 24, 2015, the Airbus A320-211 aircraft crashed in the western Alps , in the area of ​​the municipality of Prads-Haute-Bléone in the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence department in southern France . All 150 inmates were killed.

The final report of the French investigation authority for air accidents BEA stated that the co-pilot Andreas Lubitz , who had ruled suicide to commit, the crash of the machine have brought in a conscious and planned action while alone in the cockpit was.

plane

The Airbus A320-211 with the manufacturer serial number 0147 and the aircraft registration D-AIPX took off on November 29, 1990 on its first flight. At the time of the accident, the machine was 24 years and four months old and had completed 46,700 flights with a total of 58,300 flight hours. The aircraft, which is equipped with two CFM International CFM56 engines, entered service with Lufthansa on February 5, 1991 and has been in service with the Lufthansa subsidiary Germanwings since January 31, 2014.

The last C-check of the aircraft took place in summer 2013; the last routine check was carried out on March 23, 2015 at Düsseldorf Airport by Lufthansa Technik . The day before the accident, the machine was not ready to fly at Düsseldorf Airport due to problems with the nose landing gear flap for technical reasons . All deficiencies found were completely corrected there.

Flight history

The aircraft had landed in Barcelona at 8:57 a.m. CET from Düsseldorf, should have taken off again at 9:35 a.m. and landed in Düsseldorf at 11:55 a.m. However, it did not take off until 10:01 a.m., the first officer was in control of the machine. After climbing , the aircraft reached its assigned cruising altitude of 38,000  feet (approximately 11,580 meters) at 10:27 a.m.

At 10:30 hrs CET, the master radioed the clearance of air traffic control to fly directly to waypoint IRMAR, this represented the last radio contact. Immediately afterwards he handed over the implementation of the radio communication to the first officer and left the cockpit . At 10:30:53 a.m., a barometric target altitude of 100 feet was set on the autopilot control panel within one second - this corresponds to approximately 30 meters above sea level . An on-board computer, the flight management system , then initiated a descent . At 10:33 a.m. the target speed was changed several times on the control panel of the autopilot and, with the aircraft's original speed of 273  kn (approx. 510  km / h ), it was finally 323  kn (approx. 600  km / h ). The rate of descent changed with the speed and averaged 3500 ft / min (approx. 18 m / s).

At 10:34 a.m., air traffic control tried in vain to contact the crew. At the same time, access to the cockpit was requested via the door buzzer. The aircraft had meanwhile reached an altitude of 25,100 ft (approx. 7,700 m) and continued to sink. At 10:35 a.m. the target speed was increased to the maximum possible value of 350  kn (approx. 650  km / h ).

From 10:35 a.m. onwards, the Marseille control center tried to reach the crew on the emergency frequency 121.5 MHz, which was switched to ready to receive in all commercial aircraft . This, as well as all other attempts at contact, remained unanswered and no emergency signal was received from the aircraft. The voice recorder in the cockpit recorded the call signal of the intercom, voices and knocks on the cockpit door several times from 10:35 a.m. At 10:37 a.m., a voice called for the door to be opened.

At 10:40 am, the Enhanced Ground Proximity Warning System triggered the acoustic warnings “ Terrain! “('Terrain!') And“ Pull up! “('Pull up!') And a visual warning. At 10:41 a.m., the aircraft hit the Trois-Évêchés mountain range in the Provençal Alps at an altitude of 1550 m . An earthquake station of the Sismalp network ( Grenoble Observatory ) 12 km from the crash site registered the associated seismic event: the time of the crash could be determined as 10:41:05.

Since the contact attempts were unsuccessful, air traffic control declared the emergency level (distress phase) at 10:40 a.m. and informed the relevant French authorities. A Dassault Mirage 2000 fighter jet was dispatched; his pilot was supposed to check the Airbus situation, but was late.

Passengers and crew members

Passengers and crew
by nationality
Country number
GermanyGermany Germany 72
SpainSpain Spain 51
KazakhstanKazakhstan Kazakhstan 3
MexicoMexico Mexico 3
United StatesUnited States United States 3
United KingdomUnited Kingdom United Kingdom 3
ArgentinaArgentina Argentina 2
AustraliaAustralia Australia 2
IranIran Iran 2
JapanJapan Japan 2
ColombiaColombia Colombia 2
MoroccoMorocco Morocco 2
VenezuelaVenezuela Venezuela 2
BelgiumBelgium Belgium 1
ChileChile Chile 1
DenmarkDenmark Denmark 1
IsraelIsrael Israel 1
NetherlandsNetherlands Netherlands 1
ParaguayParaguay Paraguay 1
PolandPoland Poland 1
TurkeyTurkey Turkey 1
All in all 150
Due to dual nationalities
, the sum of the individual data (157) differs
from the total number.

Six crew members and 144 passengers were on board, including 14 schoolgirls and 2 schoolchildren from the 10th grade and two teachers from the Joseph-König-Gymnasium in Haltern am See . The passengers from Haltern am See were on their return flight from a school exchange with the Institut Giola in Llinars del Vallès, Spain . The victims included the bass-baritone Oleg Bryjak and the contralto Maria Radner with her family, who were on their way back from a performance at the Gran Teatre del Liceu .

The crew of six, stationed in Düsseldorf, consisted of two pilots and four flight attendants . The flight captain had more than 6000 hours of flight experience. After completing his training at the Lufthansa Commercial Aviation School in Bremen, the co-pilot has worked for Germanwings since September 2013. He had an experience of around 630 hours of flight. The Aviation Personnel Department at the Federal Aviation Office (LBA) is responsible for assessing the airworthiness of these pilots based on an EU regulation . At the time of the accident, the LBA had no indications that one of the pilots was not fit to fly.

Salvage

After alerting the search and rescue service at 10:42 a.m., the first helicopters rose at 10:49 a.m. and located the remains of the machine at around 11:10 a.m. on a 300 by 400 meter area almost 1,600 meters above sea level.

Around one thousand emergency services from the national gendarmerie , disaster control , fire brigade and rescue service were brought to the site of the impact on the day of the accident to rescue primarily the body parts of the passengers of the crashed machine. The forces operated mainly from the place Seyne -les-Alpes. In addition, 70 mountain fighters of the 4th Jägerregiment from Gap and foreign legionaries of the 2nd Pioneer Foreign Regiment from Saint-Christol were assigned to the scene of the accident. In order to find the two flight recorders as quickly as possible, the French authorities dispatched detectives from Marseille to the scene of the accident. Because of the impassable terrain, around a dozen helicopters and a military aircraft were ordered to the scene of the accident. Around 300 police officers and just as many fire fighters searched for victims on the day of the accident until dark. They were supported by local mountain rescue workers. In the early evening of March 24th, the voice recorder (CVR) was found and recovered. On the night of March 25, the gendarmerie secured the scene of the accident. Only on April 2, nine days after the crash, after an intensive search, the flight data recorder (FDR), buried under rubble, was discovered and recovered.

In order to facilitate the recovery work for the remains and the aircraft parts, a makeshift road was built into the disaster area over several days at the end of March 2015. Until then, sent Bundeswehr two multi-purpose helicopter of the type Bell UH-1 D support. As far as the body parts were identifiable, they were taken to their hometowns; otherwise they were buried in a communal grave directly at the scene of the accident .

Investigations

Jurisdiction

The French Bureau d'Enquêtes et d'Analyses pour la sécurité de l'aviation civile (BEA) and the German Federal Bureau of Aircraft Accident Investigation (BFU) were responsible for investigating the causes and were supported by employees from Airbus and CFM International . The BEA formed three teams for the investigation, one of which was responsible for checking the maintenance and the history of the operation of the aircraft involved in the accident, the second evaluating the flight recorders and on-board systems and the third examining the operating conditions of the aircraft during the flight.

The US FBI offered its European partners help in investigating the accident.

Investigation work by the French authorities

The voice recorder was sealed and transported to Paris for evaluation, where it was fully readable by the BEA on March 25th. "At the moment, the hypothesis of a technical error cannot be ruled out," said the head of the French investigators deployed in Düsseldorf, Jean-Pierre Michel, on March 28th. After the first evaluation of the flight data recorder , the BEA stated on April 3 that the co-pilot had used the autopilot to descend the aircraft and increased the aircraft's speed several times during the descent.

The Marseille public prosecutor's office initially started an investigation into negligent homicide . The French public prosecutor justified this with the fact that, according to the first analysis of the voice recorder, it was the co-pilot who initiated the controlled descent in the last eight minutes of the flight. At that time, the captain was outside the cockpit and asked the copilot in vain to let him back in. Finally, unsuccessful blows and kicks against the armored door of the cockpit could be heard. There was no audible reaction to this, nor to the radio calls from air traffic control . Only the copilot's regular breathing noises could be heard. Lufthansa CEO Carsten Spohr said in a press conference on March 26, 2015: "We are stunned to note that the plane was deliberately brought down."

Investigation work by the German authorities

The Düsseldorf public prosecutor responsible for Germany in this case initiated a death investigation and announced in several press releases about the "crash of flight 4U 9525 over the French Alps": Various pieces of evidence were found during searches of the copilot's apartments in Düsseldorf and Montabaur. Neither a farewell letter nor a letter of confession was found, nor were there any indications of a political or religious background to the event. The co-pilot's tablet PC was used to search the Internet for information on securing cockpit doors and suicide. Witness statements from the family, personal and professional environment would not have given any reliable evidence of a motive. Likewise, there is no verifiable announcement of the act. The medical documentation does not show any organic diseases. The co-pilot was in psychotherapeutic treatment before obtaining the pilot's license because of suicide risk . Further visits to relevant specialists had led to sick leave, which also included the "Tattag" and which were "torn". A renewed suicidality and aggressiveness from others was not found.

Since the announcement of a death investigation on December 29, 2015 and the announcement that all files of the BEA and the public prosecutor's office in Marseille would be consulted, the public prosecutor's office in Düsseldorf has not published any further notifications about this accident.

Interim report

According to the interim report of the French investigative authority BEA published on May 6, 2015, the co-pilot had already set the autopilot to an altitude of 100 feet (approx. 30 meters) several times on the outbound flight from Düsseldorf to Barcelona when he was alone in the cockpit. Since this happened during a descent specified by air traffic control, the controllers and crew did not notice any unusual flight movements. "One can conclude from this that he was able to act and that all his actions had the same meaning, namely to let the plane crash on the ground," said BEA director Rémi Jouty about co-pilot Andreas Lubitz.

Final report

The French investigative authority BEA published its final report on March 13, 2016. It confirmed its thesis from the interim report, according to which the mentally ill copilot locked himself in the cockpit and consciously and deliberately crashed the aircraft. According to the investigators' findings, Andreas Lubitz was taking antidepressants and sleeping pills during the crash. The experts could not determine a clear diagnosis; “The majority of the expert group consulted by the BEA, however, assumes that, based on the available medical documentation, a psychotic-depressive episode from which the co-pilot suffered and which began in December 2014 and lasted until the day of the accident could be assumed . “Two weeks before the crash, a doctor diagnosed Lubitz with a possible psychosis and recommended admission to a psychiatric clinic. However, the certificates of incapacity for work were not forwarded to Germanwings.

The French judicial authorities carried out a toxicological study on remains of human tissue from Lubitz. Escitalopram, mirtazapine and zopiclone were detected.

As a consequence, the BEA recommended routine checks to the European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) and the EU member states, especially in the event of illness-related absences of pilots, also with regard to mental disorders . Furthermore, in connection with the medical confidentiality that is regulated differently from country to country, there should also be internationally clear regulations for healthcare providers. The experts did not recommend changing the locking of the cockpit doors. Many airlines have now introduced a two-person rule in the cockpit.

Reactions

Mourning flagging the German Wings headquarters in Cologne on 31 March 2015.

French President François Hollande went public immediately after the accident, and Interior Minister Bernard Cazeneuve immediately visited the scene of the accident. The governments of France, Spain, Catalonia and Germany set up crisis teams , the Foreign Office , Germanwings and Düsseldorf Airport set up a hotline for relatives.

The German Federal Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier and Federal Transport Minister Alexander Dobrindt visited the scene of the accident on the same day. The next day, Chancellor Angela Merkel and the North Rhine-Westphalian Prime Minister Hannelore Kraft met François Hollande and the Spanish Prime Minister Mariano Rajoy there . Federal President Joachim Gauck ended his trip to South America in Peru prematurely. Likewise, Spain's King Felipe VI broke. and Queen Letizia made their first state visit to France.

Immediately after the accident, the French air traffic controller union SNCTA canceled a strike that had been announced for the following day. The German pilots' union Cockpit , which was also involved in a labor dispute with the Germanwings parent company Lufthansa, announced that it would for the time being refrain from further strike actions. The CEO of Deutsche Lufthansa AG, Carsten Spohr, addressed the public in several press conferences. On March 24 and 25, 2015, Germanwings flights in Berlin, Düsseldorf and Stuttgart were canceled because some crews had not started their service “for personal reasons”. Lufthansa canceled the celebration scheduled for April 15 to mark the 60th anniversary of the resumption of flight operations "out of respect for the victims of the crash of Flight 9525". On April 17, 2015, a central ecumenical memorial service followed by a state ceremony took place in Cologne Cathedral .

The flight number of the failed flight was no longer used by Germanwings. The connection has since carried flight number 9441.

On a temporary recommendation by EASA , the two-person rule was introduced for all German airlines. Accordingly, two authorized crew members should be in the cockpit at all times.

According to Lufthansa, there was no noticeable decrease in bookings due to the accident.

Reporting controversy

The media coverage of the accident was widely criticized. Bildblog criticized the distribution of irrelevant, meaningless and speculative messages. The violation of the personal rights of relatives was also sharply criticized. The press council urged restraint and the German Association of Journalists asked for respect for the relatives.

In social networks such as Facebook and Twitter , the publication of photos of relatives was particularly criticized. On March 28, 2015, Germanwings published a report on its website, according to which the relatives of the victims asked the media to hold back. They asked Germanwings to relieve them of media issues and wanted to avoid further contact by the media.

Thomas Enders , the CEO of Airbus, criticized the appearance of "experts" in talk shows. There was sometimes "speculated, fantasized and lied without facts". “Often outrageous nonsense. That is a mockery of the victims. ”Criticism also arose within the press itself. The taz criticized the "sensationalism" of some journalists, a flood of snippets and non-news in the live blogs of the major news sites and the handling of information about the victims and their relatives. The Bild newspaper was specifically named.

As of April 1, 2015, the Press Council had received over 400 complaints about violating the Press Code. He decided that the publication of the copilot's name was legal, but the publication of pictures of the victims and relatives was not.

Lack of review mechanism of the LBA

In addition to this controversy about unobjective reporting on the aircraft accident and the parties involved, there was also research by the media about the warning given to the German Federal Aviation Authority (LBA) by the European aviation authority EASA, z. B. with the words: “A review mechanism has not been introduced by the LBA.” And further: “The medical personnel entrusted by the authority with the supervision of the AMEs and AeMCs is actively prevented from providing medical documents, data, procedures and any other material examine and make copies or extracts of such documents that are relevant for the execution of the supervision. ” The background of the warning was the non-compliance with the new EU regulation, valid since 2013, and the continuation of the national legislation, according to which the LBA delegate its control function to that institution that the LBA should control itself. Accordingly, the information for prospective aviation physicians in the German Aviation Medical Academy regarding the current statutory regulations (LuftVZO, May 1, 2007) read: “Most important change: LBA's aviation medical activity is no longer applicable.” With reference to the investigation report by the European authority EASA, the Title "Questionable airworthiness examinations - why Germany is resisting more transparency" reports that the LBA had an aeromedical center (AeMC) check itself because of a chronic staff shortage when a so-called second check had to be carried out. In the event of an assessment, the aviation doctor acts sovereignly, as a representative of the authority, as a so-called "loan recipient" on the authority of the authority.

Controversial opinion

On the second anniversary of the event on March 24, 2017, Lubitz's father held a press conference in which journalist and non-fiction author Tim van Beveren presented excerpts from his report. This report is based on van Beveren's evaluation of the 39 volumes of the investigation files of the Düsseldorf public prosecutor's office. It assumes investigative errors and omissions in the investigations and provides aspects that call into question that Lubitz actually caused the crash. The responsible Düsseldorf public prosecutor's office immediately rejected these statements. The completed proceedings have shown "a clear responsibility on the part of Andreas Lubitz as the culprit". The French investigative authorities also confirmed that the copilot had deliberately crashed the aircraft. The Federal Government and the Federal Ministry of Transport stated that there were no doubts about the results of the investigation. The German BFU and the French BEA also rejected the allegations made. Victim representatives described the press conference as "affront" and "tasteless". At the beginning of May 2017, the co-pilot's family published excerpts from van Beveren's controversial report on the Internet, and in April 2018 the report was published in full.

Memorials

Memorial at the site of the accident

On March 24, 2017, the second anniversary of the accident , a sculpture by the sculptor Jürgen Batscheider was presented in the municipality of Le Vernet , which is located near the crash site . The sculpture is a sphere five meters in diameter. The outer surface of the “sun ball” consists of 149 elements made of gold-plated aluminum and contains a crystal-shaped cylinder made of stainless steel inside. Inside there are wooden balls that are used to store memorabilia from the victims.

The sculpture was set up at the scene of the accident in September 2017 and is visible from the platform that Lufthansa had built in 2016. The scene of the accident itself remains permanently closed.

Memorial stone and communal grave in Le Vernet

A memorial stone was erected in Le Vernet with the inscription “In memory of the victims of the plane crash of March 24, 2015” in the four languages ​​English, German, Spanish and French. In addition, the remains, which could not be clearly assigned to any of the victims, were buried in a communal grave in the local cemetery.

  • Memorial in Le Vernet

  • Community grave in the Le Vernet cemetery

Memorial room at Düsseldorf Airport

On the occasion of the first anniversary, a memorial inscription was placed in the Room of Silence at Düsseldorf Airport . The words "In memory of the victims of flight 4U9525 of March 24, 2015" are written in German, English, Spanish and French on a 2.80 m high plate made of volcanic tuff. On a second stone slab there is the sentence “Love is stronger than death” as well as the places Barcelona, ​​Düsseldorf and Le Vernet.

  • Memorial room at Düsseldorf Airport

Memorials in Haltern am See

In Haltern am See there are several memorials that commemorate the 16 students who died in the accident and the two teachers. Pictures of the victims hang at the entrance of the Joseph-König-Gymnasium and a classroom of the school has been set up as a memorial room. There is also a memorial at the entrance to the school portal. It consists of an ensemble of 18 cherry trees, a flower meadow, a rusty plaque with the names of the victims and a stele with a continuously burning candle.

The Lea-Drüppel-Theater in Haltern am See was built in memory of one of the students who died .

Another memorial is located in the municipal cemetery. This memorial is symbolically modeled on a classroom. It consists of a total of 18 ornamental apple trees, 16 of which represent the pupils and are arranged in rows. Behind this row of trees there are two more trees for the teachers and a memorial stone that is supposed to symbolize the class desk. The granite memorial stone is engraved with the names of the deceased, a cross and a black mourning ribbon with flight number 4U9525. On the right side of the memorial stone, at the request of their family members, the graves of five crash victims are located.

media

  • Crash in the Alps. (Original title: Crash in the Alps ). Mayday alarm in the cockpit [Season 16; Episode 7].
  • Christian Dassel, Clemens Gersch: #germanwings - the catastrophe: review and commemoration. WDR , Germany 2016.
  • The Germanwings crash. ZDFzoom , Germany 2016.
  • Marianne Kerfriden, Geoffrey Livolsi: Danger in the cockpit - the Germanwings crash and the consequences. German dubbed version on behalf of ZDFinfo , France 2017.
  • Justine Rosenkranz: Germanwings crash: learning to live with pain. WDR, Germany 2016.
  • Michael Souvignier, Till Derenbach: What really happened? The crash of the 4U 9525. Production: Zeitsprung Pictures, client: RTL , Germany 2016.

See also

Web links

Commons : Germanwings flight 9525  - Collection of images

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Final report, accident on March 24, 2015 in Prads-Haute-Bléone (Alpes-de-Haute-Provence, France) with an Airbus A320-211 registration D-AIPX operated by Germanwings (PDF) Bureau d'Enquêtes et d 'Analyzes pour la sécurité de l'aviation civile. March 13, 2016. Retrieved March 14, 2016.
  2. ↑ a b Aircraft Database - D-AIPX. In: Airframes.org. Accessed March 24, 2015 .
  3. ↑ a b Germanwings company statement on the crash. (No longer available online.) March 24, 2015, archived from the original on March 25, 2015 ; Retrieved March 25, 2015 .
  4. ↑ German (4U) 9525th In: flightaware.com. Retrieved March 24, 2015 .
  5. ↑ German Press Council: Name of Germanwings co-pilot could be mentioned. In: Spiegel Online . June 4, 2015, accessed June 4, 2015 .
  6. ^ Germanwings Flight 4U 9525 Accident in the French Alps. In: airbus.com. AIRBUS SAS , March 24, 2015, accessed on March 24, 2015 (English).
  7. ↑ Christopher Onkelbach: Plane crash - machine had 58,300 flight hours under its belt. In: derwesten.de . FUNKE MEDIEN NRW GmbH, March 24, 2015, accessed on March 24, 2015 .
  8. ^ A b Accident description. Aviation Safety Network , March 24, 2015, accessed March 24, 2015 .
  9. ↑ Lufthansa press conference on March 24, 2015.
  10. ↑ a b Airbus problems: Germanwings and Lufthansa pilots refuse to fly. In: Spiegel Online . SPIEGELnet GmbH, March 24, 2015, accessed on March 24, 2015 .
  11. ↑ Accident at Nice - Germanwings Airbus crashed in France. (No longer available online.) In: Tagesschau.de . ARD , March 24, 2015, archived from the original on March 25, 2015 ; accessed on March 24, 2015 .
  12. ↑ a b c d e f g BEA interim report, published on May 6, 2015, accessed on May 6, 2015, see in particular p. 24.
  13. ↑ What happened to Germanwings flight 4U 9525? In: The Guardian . March 24, 2015, accessed March 24, 2015 .
  14. ^ Notice F. Thouvenot. In: isterre.fr. Retrieved October 29, 2017 (French).
  15. Jump up to the Airbus A320
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  17. ↑ Aviation accidents France Germany: Only 72 instead of 75 Germans among the dead in the plane crash. In: n-tv . n-tv Nachrichtenfernsehen GmbH, April 1, 2015, accessed on April 1, 2015 .
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  19. ↑ На борту разбившегося во Франции самолета находились трое граждан Казахстана. English: On board the aircraft crashed in France were three citizens of Kazakhstan . In: Interfax . March 25, 2015, Retrieved March 25, 2015 (Russian).
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  22. ^ Alps air crash killed three Britons, says Hammond. In: BBC News Online. British Broadcasting Corporation , March 25, 2015, accessed April 2, 2015 .
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  27. ↑ Dos colombianos viajaban en el avión que chocó en los Alpes franceses. In: Caracol Radio . Caracol SA, March 24, 2015, accessed March 24, 2015 (Spanish).
  28. ↑ ثنائي مغربي ضمن ضحايا الطائرة المتحطّمة على التراب الفرنسي. English: Two Moroccan victims were in the plane that crashed on French soil . In: hespress.com. March 24, 2015, Retrieved March 24, 2015 (Arabic).
  29. ↑ Airbus A320 was carrying 150 people from Barcelona to Duesseldorf aboard Lufthansa's budget airline: Germanwings Flight 4U9525 victims include opera singers, high school students. In: cbc.ca. CBC / Radio-Canada , accessed March 25, 2015 .
  30. ↑ Belg onder doden vflyuigcrash. In: AD . De Persgroep Nederland , March 24, 2015, accessed March 24, 2015 (Dutch).
  31. ↑ Chilena figura entre las víctimas fatales de avión accidentado en Francia. In: emol. El Mercurio SAP, March 25, 2015, accessed March 27, 2015 (Spanish).
  32. ^ Gudmund de Stordeur: Dansker blandt de omkomne i flystyrt. In: nyhederne.tv2.dk. TV 2 , March 24, 2015, accessed March 24, 2015 (Danish).
  33. ^ Itamar Eichner: Israeli among 150 killed in Germanwings crash named. In: ynetnews.com. Ynetnews, March 24, 2015, accessed March 24, 2015 .
  34. ↑ Zeker één Nederlandse dode bij crash Frankrijk. In: nos.nl. Nederlandse Omroep Stichting , accessed March 24, 2015 (Dutch).
  35. ↑ Dos personas que residían en Paraguay, entre víctimas. In: abc.com.py. ABC Color, accessed March 25, 2015 (Spanish).
  36. ↑ Komunikat MSZ ws. katastrofy samolotu Germanwings w Alpach. German: Official notification of the Foreign Ministry of the Republic of Poland about the disaster of the Germanwings aircraft in the Alps. Ministerstwo Spraw Zagranicznych , accessed March 26, 2015 (Polish).
  37. ^ One Turkish-German among 150 victims in Germanwings plane crash. In: Hürriyet Daily News . Doğan Yayın Holding, March 24, 2015, accessed March 24, 2015 .
  38. ↑ Victims of German Wings Flight 9525th In: nytimes.com. Retrieved May 8, 2015 .
  39. ↑ Airbus crash - students from Haltern among the victims. In: wdr.de . ARD , March 24, 2015, accessed on March 24, 2015 .
  40. ^ Peter Bandermann, Benjamin Glöckner, Vanessa Dumke, Sophie Bissingen: Joseph-König-Gymnasium - Haltern mourns 16 students and two teachers. In: halternerzeitung.de. Halterner Zeitung, March 24, 2015, accessed on March 24, 2015 .
  41. ↑ Comunicat de l'Institut Giola. (No longer available online.) In: institutgiola.org. Institut Giola, March 24, 2015, archived from the original on March 26, 2015 ; Retrieved March 24, 2015 (Catalan).
  42. ↑ Oleg Bryjak among the victims of the plane crash. In: Westdeutsche Allgemeine Zeitung . Funke Medien NRW GmbH , March 24, 2015, accessed on March 24, 2015 .
  43. ^ John Shammas: Germanwings Airbus A320 plane crash: First pictures of opera singers Maria Radner and Oleg Bryjak among 150 dead. In: Mirror Online . Trinity Mirror, March 24, 2015, accessed March 25, 2015 .
  44. ↑ a b Public prosecutor's office confirmed - copilot deliberately descended. (No longer available online.) In: Tagesschau.de . ARD , March 26, 2015, archived from the original on March 27, 2015 ; accessed on March 26, 2015 .
  45. ↑ Legal bases for the aviation personnel. In: Luftfahrt-Bundesamt (LBA). Federal Ministry of Transport and Digital Infrastructure (BMVI), March 26, 2015, accessed on March 26, 2015 .
  46. ↑ Reuters, April 9, 2015 , accessed April 10, 2015.
  47. ↑ Crash: The last minutes of Germanwings flight 9525. Spiegel Online, March 27, 2015, accessed on March 27, 2015 .
  48. ↑ Oliver Klasen, Christian Wernicke: Rescue of the Germanwings crash victims: work on the abyss. In: Süddeutsche Zeitung . Süddeutscher Verlag GmbH, March 27, 2015, accessed on March 29, 2015 .
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  133. ↑ Andreas Lubitz documentary! All the background to the German Wings crash. news.de, March 21, 2016, accessed on January 31, 2017 .