Emmanuele De Gregorio

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Cardinal Emmanuele de Gregorio

Emmanuele De Gregorio (born December 18, 1758 in the Mediterranean Sea, † November 7, 1839 in Rome ) was an Italian bishop and cardinal of the Curia , who participated in three conclaves and 1830-1831 - in the election of Gregory XVI. - was even considered papabile .

Life

origin

Emmanuele de Gregorio was the son of Leopoldo de Gregorio, Marquis of Squillace and Principe di San Elia, and his second wife Maria Josepha Verdugo y Quijada from Barcelona . He was born on the high seas when his mother traveled to Spain, but his birth was later registered in Naples , where his parents lived at the time, which is why this city is sometimes referred to as de Gregorio's birthplace. His older half-brother on his father's side was Cardinal Giovanni de Gregorio (1729–1791).

Priest and prelate

Little is known about the early work of the cardinal. In 1781 he had already been ordained a priest and carried the title of papal house chaplain , then papal house prelate . In April 1785 he became vicar of Cardinal Carlo Rezzonico , archpriest at the Lateran Basilica . In July of the same year he was appointed prelate of the Roman Congregation for the Council of Trent , after which he moved to the administration of the papal vicariate for the city of Rome.

During the time of the Roman Republic , de Gregorio was imprisoned in 1798 together with Pope Pius VI. a. He himself was released for a ransom of 4,000 Scudi, while the pontiff was declared deposed and deported first to Siena , then to Florence . The French general Claude Dallemagne and the republican government wanted to proclaim Emmanuele de Gregorio as antipope, which is why he fled Rome to Siena and Pius VI. assured of his unconditional fidelity and loyalty. The Pope was no longer released, but died in French custody in 1799.

At the end of 1799 the conclave , which was elected by Pope Pius VII, met in Venice under Austrian protection . He was initially able to return to Rome, but between 1806 and 1814 he was imprisoned by Emperor Napoleon . De Gregorio first became pro-nuncio in the new kingdom of Etruria at the court of Florence , in 1808 secretary of the Congregation of the Holy Council of Trent in Rome and finally there also apostolic delegate of the Pope imprisoned in France. The occupying power also took the prelate into custody as the Roman representative of the Pope and held him from January 2, 1811 to April 1, 1814. On that day he was freed by the anti-Napoleonic allies. Together with Etienne-Antoine Boulogne , the Bishop of Troyes and Ferdinand von Geramb , Austrian Free Corps Leader and later Abbot General of the Trappists , he had been a political prisoner of state in the Paris prison “La Force”. Since then, he has had a friendship with the latter, which was especially revived when he later moved to Rome. After his release from prison, de Gregorio stayed in Paris for some time to claim the French looted property from the Vatican and, if possible, to get it back.

Cardinal and bishop

Cardinal Emmanuele de Gregorio

Pope Pius VII elevated Emmanuele de Gregorio in the consistory of March 8, 1816 to cardinal priest with the titular church Santi Bonifacio e Alessio . He held offices in the Roman Curia a . a. as Prefect of the Congregation for Ecclesiastical Immunity and the Council Congregation . As a cardinal, he participated in the conclaves of 1823 and 1829 with the elections of Leo XII. and Pius VIII .

On May 18, 1829, Pope Pius VIII called the Cardinal Curia Cardinal Bishop of the suburbicarian diocese of Frascati ; Cardinal Giulio Maria della Somaglia donated him episcopal ordination on May 31, 1829 . 1830-1831 he took part in the conclave for the election of Gregory XVI. part in which he was considered a papabile himself .

Pope Gregory XVI appointed Emmanuele de Gregorio on October 2, 1837 as cardinal bishop of the suburbicarian diocese of Porto e Santa Rufina and Civitavecchia , he was also subdean of the college of cardinals , from 1829 to 1839 cardinal major penitentiary and from 1838 to his death chamberlain of the college of cardinals .

After his death in 1839 he was buried in the church of San Giuseppe a Capo le Case in Rome.

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Contemporary report from the conclave 1830/31 with the mention of Cardinal de Gregorio
  2. ↑ De Gregorio, Giovanni. In: Salvador Miranda : The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church. ( Florida International University website ), accessed July 27, 2016.
  3. ^ Charles Schrantz:  Etienne-Antoine Boulogne . In: Catholic Encyclopedia , Volume 2, Robert Appleton Company, New York 1907.
  4. ^ Anton Ruland: On the literature of the Vaticana . (Enough). In: Serapeum . Journal for library studies, manuscript studies and older literature. tape 20 , no. 7 . Weigel, Leipzig April 15, 1859, p. 101 ( full text in Google Book Search [accessed July 27, 2016]).
predecessor Office successor
Francesco Saverio Castiglioni Major cardinal
penalties 1829–1839 		Castruccio Castracane degli Antelminelli
Pietro Francesco Galleffi Cardinal Bishop of Porto e Santa Rufina and Civitavecchia
1837–1839 		Giovanni Francesco Falzacappa
Francesco Saverio Castiglioni Cardinal Bishop of Frascati
1829–1837 		Ludovico Micara OFMCap
personal data
SURNAME De Gregorio, Emmanuele
ALTERNATIVE NAMES De Gregorio, Emanuele
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Italian bishop and cardinal of the Curia
DATE OF BIRTH December 18, 1758
PLACE OF BIRTH Mediterranean , Italy
DATE OF DEATH November 7, 1839
Place of death Rome