Enid Blyton

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Enid Blyton's house at Old Thatch in Bourne End, Buckinghamshire

Enid Mary Blyton (born August 11, 1897 in Dulwich , London Borough of Southwark , † November 28, 1968 in Hampstead ) was an English writer .

To date, with around 700 works and over 600 million books sold internationally, Blyton is one of the most commercially successful authors of young adult books . She is the third most translated authors in her country. The books have been translated into over 40 languages. The works of Enid Blyton include the book series Five Friends , The Black Seven , Hanni and Nanni , Dolly , Mystery About , Riddles About and the Adventure series .

Life

Childhood and youth

Enid Blyton was the first of three children of Thomas Carey Blyton (1870-1920) and Theresa Mary Harrison (1874-1950). She grew up in Beckenham in the county of Kent on. Her father understood her passion for writing and aroused her interest in nature, music, sagas and poetry. Her mother considered these activities to be a waste of time. Therefore, the girl had little contact with her. When Enid Blyton was thirteen, her brothers Hanley eleven, and Carey eight, their father left the family for another woman. The mother forbade the children to speak to anyone about the separation of their parents. Contact with the mother was completely broken off in 1916 when he switched training.

education and profession

From 1905 Blyton went to a small private school close to where he lived. Her parents encouraged her musical talent and she began taking piano lessons at the age of six. As a day school student, she attended St. Christopher's girls' boarding school in Beckenham from 1907 to 1915. In the end she also held the office of Head Girl here. According to her own statements, she was the worst in mathematics, but she loved music, stories, games and natural history. She stood out among the classmates for her excellent memory. For example, when she was eight, she could recite a page of a book by heart after reading it.

After graduating from school, in accordance with her parents' wishes, she began training as a musician in 1916, but broke it off and trained as a kindergarten teacher and preschool teacher at Ipswich High School. She completed this with a diploma in 1918. After a job in Bickley, she became a teacher in 1920 in a private household in Surbiton , a suburb of London . For four years she also taught children from neighboring families at the small private school.

marriage and family

In 1924, Blyton married the publishing manager Hugh Alexander Pollock (1888–1971). The couple lived in London for some time, then in Beckenham and from 1929 in the Old Thatch house in the village of Bourne End in Buckinghamshire . Her daughters Gillian Mary (born July 15, 1931) and Imogen (born October 27, 1935) were born here. In 1938 there was another move to Green Hedges in Beaconsfield in Buckinghamshire.

The extremely productive author had little time for her two daughters and family life. Their marriage fell apart, and after the divorce in December 1942, the author married doctor Kenneth Darrel Waters. Her two girls were not allowed to have contact with their biological father and were given the name of the stepfather. In 1961 the author showed the first signs of Alzheimer's disease . She had blackouts and was confused. Her husband supported her until his death in 1967. Finally, Enid Blyton died on November 28, 1968 in a nursing home in Hampstead .

Way to the writer

In her autobiography, the author writes that she wanted to become a writer when she learned to read. She goes on to say that every night as she fell asleep, she waited for stories that "did not depend on my will, but simply attacked me". She told her two little brothers about this as a child. When she was ten, she started writing down the fantasy stories. For her parents' favorite career of pianist, she practiced diligently, but spent all of her free time writing. Through publications, she hoped to get permission to pursue a career as a writer. She had her first writing success at the age of 14, when Blyton won a poetry competition by the children's author Arthur Mee. She then offered her poems and stories to various newspapers for printing, but without success. Despite more than 500 rejected manuscripts, she did not give up. The marginal note “Idea good. ... keep trying! ” She was particularly encouraged by Owen Seaman, editor of the satirical magazine Punch .

While helping out at a Sunday school, she discovered how she had a storytelling effect on children. Now, with her father's permission, she broke off her music education and began training as a kindergarten teacher. This teaching enabled the author to test the effects of her texts on the children. The stories, which were well received by the students, were printed in the teachers' magazine Teacher's World between 1923 and 1945 . Here she was able to share experiences in her own weekly column, From my Window .

Her first book, Child Whispers , was published in 1922 , a collection of 28 children's poems. After their first marriage in 1924, Enid Blyton gave up her teaching profession and was now able to devote himself entirely to writing. Looking back, she states in her autobiography: “Fortunately, I never had to choose between work and family because you can write books at home. First of all, my daughters come. ... Fortunately, I have enough time to do justice to everyone. ”Only after their death did the conflict between the mother and housewife role and the successful writer become public through the daughters Gillian and Imogen.

social commitment

At the end of the war, Enid Blyton initiated the founding of Famous Five Clubs , which financially supported care homes for disabled children. Due to the close contact to these social-charitable groups, she was involved from 1954 to 1967 as chairwoman in a home for spastic paralyzed children. She was also active as Vice President of Friends of the Cheyne Walk Center in London for the rehabilitation of disabled children from 1960 to 1968 .

death

Blyton died on November 28, 1968. She was cremated in the Golders Green Crematorium in London and the ashes scattered in the Garden of Rest there .

Afterlife

A few years after Blyton's death, there were arguments between their daughters in which they published different views about their mother. Gillian Baverstock adored her famous mother and described her as fair and loving caring. According to her statements, the mother had wished that Gillian should write her biography later. However, due to lack of time, the daughter commissioned Barbara Stoney with the work, which was published in book form in 1974.

When Blyton's daughter Imogen published A Childhood at Green Hedges in 1989 , she painted a different picture of the mother. She described them as arrogant, insecure, presumptuous, adept at suppressing the unpleasant, without maternal instinct and very strict.

Work viewing

List of works

Successful author

With over 750 books and 10,000 short stories as well as print runs of more than 600 million copies in 40 languages, Enid Blyton is one of the most successful internationally known authors. Enid Blyton justified the enormous number of her works in her autobiography as follows: “My desire to appeal to children big and small forces me to write so many books.” This mass production was easy for her: “I sit in my chair, close my eyes and after a minute or two, the first images show to my 'mental eye' - the action begins. ... Then I open my eyes and my hands start flying over the typewriter. ”It worked like an assembly line and produced many pages every day.

She founded Darrell Waters Limited with her husband for optimal marketing of their works and merchandising . In addition, the author of young books also attached great importance to the design of her books. So she chose the artists for the illustration herself. She also had the idea of ​​printing pictures on the back of her books so that the booksellers would be happy to put them for presentation in the shop window. The own signature on their books is also one of their ideas.

Around 1920, Blyton began to devote himself entirely to children's and youth literature .

From 1926 to 1952 she was the executive editor of Sunny Stories magazine and from 1953 to 1959 of Enid Blyton's magazine .

In 1931 Blyton wrote her first adult novel, which she did not publish. She made it into the first volume of the stories about the Galliano Circus. In 1937 her first youth novel The Adventures of the Wishing Chair was published . In the following year, the first issues of the series The Secret Island and Mr Gallianos Circus came out. During the war she achieved her first bestseller with the preschool book Mary Mouse . She started her book series for young people: The Twins at St. Clare’s (1941), Five on a Treasure Island (1942) and The Island of Adventure (1944). In the most productive creative phase from 1943 to 1964, the author initially handwritten up to 10,000 words a day on paper. About one book a week was created to meet the high demand. These include Lissy (1940–1952), Dolly (1946–1951), The Secret Seven (1949–1963), The Barney Mysteries (1949–1961) and Famous Five (1953–1966). The last book by Enid Blyton Noddy and the Airplane was published in 1963. It belongs to the particularly successful Noddy series that began in 1949. Enid Blyton also created individual books as stern stories ( Tales of Greenhedges ). It contains short accounts of the life of various animals in a hedge and their immediate surroundings. Stories from the Bible were also retold in picture books.

In the 1950s, Blyton's works became known internationally through licensed editions. The author summarized her successes in many countries in a letter to Erika Klopp, her German publisher: “It is strange that, regardless of the foreign country in which the books appear, they are very soon popular, despite their whole character after are purely British. From this I conclude that children are basically the same everywhere. ”However, the individual works enjoyed and continue to enjoy varying degrees of popularity to this day. The little wooden boy Noddy with the bobble head, for example, is one of the most popular children's characters in books, films and plays in the author's home country. The illustrations were created by the Dutchman Harmsen van der Beek. When he died in 1953, Noddy's successor was able to continue his work because of established characteristics. The success story of the author in Germany began with the adventure series (1944–1954), which the Erika Klopp publisher started in 1950. Due to great demand, after Blyton's death the publishers Schneider and C. Bertelsmann commissioned ghostwriters for sequels of the popular series by Hanni and Nanni , Dolly and Five Friends . For example, further volumes of the boarding school series were commissioned from the German author Rosemarie von Schach or the 21 volumes of the Five Friends of Sarah Bosse, written by Blyton, were continued. Their plans run up to volume 80.

Differences in German editions

The editions of Blyton's works in Germany differ in some respects from the originals:

  • In the German editions, in contrast to the institutions in the English originals ( The Twins at St. Clare’s , Summer Term at St. Clare’s ), the focus is on the people ( Hanni and Nanni , Dolly ). The strong personalization was aimed at a specific target group and showed great recognition value through the representation on the covers. However, since the content related to a group and not to individuals, wrong expectations were aroused here.
  • In addition, the Hanni and Nanni series as well as Dolly are considerably more extensive than the original series. Other Blyton stories could have been processed under the heading of a hit series.
  • Early translations included explanations of the school and monetary system in the form of footnotes. In more recent editions, time and regional references have been blurred, the typical customs of English schools have been retained, but place and person names have been Germanized.
  • In the boarding school and adventure series, revisions were made to remove social and racial discrimination as well as authoritarian behavior.
  • In addition, dialogues and word games were omitted, which made the German translations cumbersome and educational.
  • Inaccuracies were probably caused by the rapid production of new books, e.g. B. spellings of a name varied in the Dolly series or the art teacher suddenly became a handicraft teacher in the following volume.

Autobiographical Influences

Enid Blyton always incorporated events from her life, people or places she knew into her novels. She herself explains, "that everything that you perceive with your senses gradually sinks into the subconscious and rests there until it is needed again - in my case for the books". For example, the walks with father and her love of the garden animated her to her nature books; their school days and that of their children found their way into the school stories. The old house Old Thatch ( age Reethof ) that inhabited Blyton, and especially the dining room, the writer served in many stories as a model.

The animal-loving author, who always kept many pets, gave, for example, the parrot Kiki, who belonged to one of her aunts, an imaginatively designed supporting role in the books of the adventure series: the parrot repeatedly makes random comments. Likewise, Mickey the monkey from the Adventure Ship was one of her pets. The names of the cocker spaniel Laddie, the dog Bob, and the names Bimbo and Topsy also came from their own domestic zoo.

In the Hanni and Nanni series, Mamselle reminded of a French teacher from Enid Blyton and Claudine of a classmate from Belgium. Hanni and Nanni (named Patricia and Isabel O'Sullivan in the original versions of the books and from Ireland) are based on a pair of twins that Blyton knew as a schoolgirl. The stories take place at St. Clare School, which is modeled on the boarding school that Blyton and her daughters attended at the same age as the book characters.

With the girl George, who would like to be a boy, Blyton designed himself in the Five Friends books. Photos of the author's youth also show great agreement with George's appearance. She dedicated a role to her friend, Inspector Jenks, in the book series The Secret Around ... Bill Smugs from the adventure series is based on a travel acquaintance of Blyton. The friend came up with this name himself, and it was also his wish and his idea to appear in the books as a police inspector.

reception

layout

The language in Blyton's works is undemanding: simple and concise sentences, conventional and consistent attributions, and limited vocabulary. Mood pictures of nature announce disaster or solutions.

Stories were mostly designed as series. The individual volumes of a series can usually be read as a complete plot and are variants of a few basic patterns. They live from the ideal of friendship, well-behaved behavior and adventure.

All adventure series ( mystery , riddle and adventure series, Five Friends , Black Seven , Arnoldkinder ) follow the same basic pattern: The sequence of events is determined by the task of the group of children to hunt down adult offenders during the holidays. The composition of the group is mixed and consists of 3 to 5 children with a mostly male leader, male advisors and female followers. All group members come from middle class families. The background is consistent with the action. Only at the end will the help of adults be used. This group lives from “male” values ​​such as loyalty, discretion, reliability, comradeship, courage and commitment.

Also in the boarding school series such as B. Hanni and Nanni or Dolly the structure is similar: The need for fun and adventure determines the course of events. Social origins and deviations from the preferred middle class are discussed. The action is determined by the norms of the group, which eliminate undesirable behavior of new students. The place of action is the boarding school . Only girls belong to the group. Everything male is reduced, so there are almost only female teachers.

salary

Blyton's educational goals such as fair play, pity for the loser, contempt for sneakers and big talkers, absolute justice, love of animals and enthusiasm for noble role models are packed into exciting entertainment. Direct depictions of brutality and violence are avoided, but are hidden in the rigidity of norms and emotional coldness.

Family life in Blyton's books conveys strong messages. The mother cares for and educates. It demands absolute obedience, but gives the children freedom if they recognize their norms. Fathers are infallible and prevail. If a family member breaks out of traditional roles, they have to endure the sanctions of the others.

Adults serve the young people as companions and are excluded from their world. Children have no duties and act completely alone. The children behave arrogantly and disdainfully towards “socially” lower-ranking adults (e.g. servants). This behavior is intensified if the subordinate is racially different (black man, circus people, gypsies).

criticism

In the 1950s there were increasingly critical newspaper articles, especially in her home country. Her books disappeared from the English libraries. There the mass production had aroused suspicion and the excessive consumption of Blyton was to be curbed. Blyton himself defended himself against this with the remark: "Criticism from people over twelve interests me at all." She was also accused of bad style: the stories were all the same, it was said, and the grammar was bad.

In addition to the allegedly all too simple and clichéd design of Enid Blyton's stories, there were new reasons for banning them from the range of school libraries and reading canons in the 1960s and 70s. The ideological content of her books was criticized: Blyton propagated class prejudice from a bourgeois standpoint; in addition, their works are racist and sexist . The author was accused of emphasizing the middle class and of excluding any existential hardship of both the protagonists and the readers, villains were dark-skinned or foreigners. Girls do housework and they are meant to be a follower, because gang leaders are always boys.

Further criticism of Blyton's work was directed primarily against the often undifferentiated schematic division of the human world into "good and bad". No reasons are given for the latter, but external characteristics are indicated. The figures are not formed characters, but stereotypical and adapted. The predictability of the adventure stories, which are all structured according to the same pattern, was also criticized: the “bad” must be fought and converted by the “good”; the "good" wins. At the same time, this stereotypical design prevents the reader from interpreting the plot independently; they should not decide for themselves what is “good” or “bad”. As a rule, it is clear from the outset who is “good” or “bad” from the unknown, primarily from external characteristics such as the different appearance and inappropriate behavior of the characters.

Blyton's series figures are all static or template-like; there is little or no character development. Many characters, especially the adults, would only fulfill their function in the course of the plot. The hierarchies in Blyton's children's groups correspond to the structures of the adult world: In most cases, the oldest boy represents parental authority and authority over the younger ones. According to the critics, the girls and boys fulfill stereotypical gender role requirements , only Georgina, known as George, rebels against the strict role scheme in the Five Friends series by strictly rejecting the role of girls and feeling equal to the boys.

Malte Dahrendorf adds: “In her endeavor to satisfy childish adventure fantasy and childish need for reality in equal measure, Enid Blyton describes an independent children's world, which is clearly in tension with the sober world of adults, which is determined by selfish interests, but does not provide any help, society to learn to understand adults and to intervene in them in a changing way ”.

Revisions

Some points of criticism finally led to the fact that the publishers now revised Blyton's works in terms of text and content, both in the original and in translated versions. Overly stereotypical names and expressions that no longer correspond to common usage were changed. The first name “Bessie”, a name cliché from the time of slavery, became “Beth”, the expression of the upper class idiom “I say!” Became a classless “hey!”, From “queer”, today's name for a homosexual, became "odd" and the "Golliwogs" disappeared. "Wog" was a term for foreigners and a dirty word, especially for people with black skin. The pedagogy was also adapted to current views: teachers no longer hand out slaps in the stories, but instead only complain. The housework is done together by boys and girls, etc.

Blyton biographer Barbara Stoney criticized the disappearance of the typical milieu due to the mending of words and behaviors that no longer corresponded to the zeitgeist or could evoke negative associations today.

Positive voices

According to Almut Prieger, Blyton was so successful because of “her closeness to young people and their understanding of their needs”. In addition, there was a lack of similarly captivating youth literature in competition with comics and television on the German book market.

In more recent works, the criticism is increasingly relativized; Similar to fairy tales, Blyton's books are designed to meet the basic needs of child readers and thus awaken the joy of reading. According to Otto Brunken, “black and white painting” offers the prerequisite for directing readers. You can take a stand and identify with the characters or reject them. The missing contours of the figures provided projection surfaces for the wishes, ideas, weaknesses and desires of the child reader. Short arcs of tension also provided empirical relief. The worry and uncertainty will soon be transformed into a positive outcome. In addition, the reader can practice the cultural technique of “reading”.

Sandra Schneider from the Reading Foundation can also see positive sides from the run on the shallow: “In this way, the children at least get to read.” This promotion of reading also strengthens a critical attitude towards ideological clichés. As empirical research would suggest, today's young reading public would be very aware of such clichés.

Susanne Gaschke points out that Blyton created strong girl characters like Georgina from the Five Friends . She is almost created as an antitype to the traditional role of girls. Dina from the adventure series also constantly revolted against the tutelage of her brother.

Awards

  • 1941: Boy's Club of America for The Mystery Island
  • 1948: Travel to the USA to receive the award from Boy's Club of America
  • 2008 posthumously: Costa Book Award for most popular author in Great Britain
  • 2010: Exhibition on Enid Blyton's life's work in Seven Stories , the children's book center in Newcastle
  • 2014: McDonald’s book campaign for the Happy Meal with Five Friends 3 by Enid Blyton (cbj-Verlag) for children from 6 years

documentary

Enid Blyton's Life was filmed under the title Enid in 2009 for the BBC and directed by James Hawes. The title role is played by Helena Bonham Carter . Based on the statements made by Imogen's daughter, the film mainly shows the author's dark side.

Others

Enid Blyton Day:

  • 1993: March 6th for the first time in Rickmansworth
  • 2006: Saturday May 13th
  • 2007: Saturday May 12th
  • 2008: Saturday May 10th
  • 2009: Saturday May 9th
  • 2010: Saturday, May 15th
  • 2011: failed
  • 2012: Saturday May 12th

Street names:

literature

  • Enid Blyton talks about her life. For their friends, the children (autobiography from 1952: The Story Of My Life), Erika Klopp Verlag, Berlin 1969, DNB 456142398 , 2nd edition 1979, ISBN 3-7817-5406-5 .
  • Gillian Baverstock: Tell Me About Writers: Enid Blyton , Evans Brothers Ltd, 2003, ISBN 0-237-52619-0 (new edition)
  • Robert Druce: This Day Our Daily Fictions (comparison between the books by Enid Blyton and Ian Fleming, author of the James Bond novels), 1992, Editions Rodopi, ISBN 90-5183-401-2
  • Almut Prieger: The work of Enid Blyton. An analysis of their successful series in West German publishers , dipa-Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 1982. ISBN 3-7638-0114-6
  • George Greenfield: Enid Blyton (Pocket Biographies), 1998, Sutton Publishing Limited, ISBN 0-7509-1633-8
  • Eva Rice: Who's Who in Enid Blyton , 2nd Edition 2003. Orion Books, ISBN 0-7528-5648-0
  • David Rudd: Enid Blyton And The Mystery Of Children's Literature , UK: Macmillian Press Ltd., ISBN 0-333-74718-6 and US: St. Martin's Press, Inc., ISBN 0-312-23212-8
  • David Rudd: The Famous Five: A Guide To The Characters Appearing In Enid Blyton's Series
  • Imogen Smallwood (Blyton daughter): A Childhood at Green Hedges , 1989, Methuen, ISBN 0-416-12632-4 out of print
  • Barbara Stoney: The Enid Blyton Biography , London 1992, ISBN 0-340-58348-7 , original publication as hardcover 1974, ISBN 0-340-16514-6 (with a foreword by Blyton daughter Gillian Baverstock)
  • Norman Wright: The Famous Five - Everything you ever wanted to know! , 2000, Hodder Children's Books, ISBN 0-340-79229-9

Web links

Commons : Enid Blyton  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Blyton, Enid . In: German National Library, accessed on June 3, 2015.
  2. ↑ The Dark Side of Enid Blyton . In: Spiegel online , accessed June 1, 2015.
  3. ↑ Barbara Hartl: Enid Blyton (1897–1968) Secret about a brilliant liar . In: Writers . Tree house, Bergisch Gladbach 2009, ISBN 978-3-8339-2451-4 , p. 65.
  4. ↑ Statistics on worldwide translations . In: UNESCO, accessed June 10, 2015.
  5. ^ Jochen Spengler: Adventure stories in the garden hut . In: Deutschlandfunk, May 14, 2013, accessed on June 4, 2015.
  6. ↑ Enid Blyton: The Story of My Life . Klopp, Munich 1997, ISBN 3-7817-5410-3 , p. 117.
  7. ↑ Barbara Hartl: Enid Blyton (1897–1968) Secret about a brilliant liar . In: Writers . Baumhaus, Bergisch Gladbach 2009, ISBN 978-3-8339-2451-4 , pp. 66-68, 74.
  8. ↑ Barbara Hartl: Enid Blyton (1897–1968) Secret about a brilliant liar . In: Writers . Tree house, Bergisch Gladbach 2009, ISBN 978-3-8339-2451-4 , p. 92.
  9. ↑ Enid Blyton: The Story of My Life . Klopp, Munich 1997, ISBN 3-7817-5410-3 , p. 58.
  10. ↑ Enid Blyton: The Story of My Life . Klopp, Munich 1997, ISBN 3-7817-5410-3 , p. 44.
  11. ↑ Barbara Hartl: Enid Blyton (1897–1968) Secret about a brilliant liar . In: Writers . Baumhaus, Bergisch Gladbach 2009, ISBN 978-3-8339-2451-4 , pp. 73-75.
  12. ↑ Chronology . In: The Enid Blyton Society, accessed June 14, 2015.
  13. ↑ a b c curriculum vitae, biography of Enid Blyton ( memento from January 19, 2015 in the Internet Archive ). In: Literatur als Luxus, accessed May 20, 2015.
  14. ↑ Annika Leister: Writing was her life . In: Kölner Stadt-Anzeiger , August 11, 2014.
  15. ↑ Barbara Hartl: Enid Blyton (1897–1968) Secret about a brilliant liar . In: Writers . Baumhaus, Bergisch Gladbach 2009, ISBN 978-3-8339-2451-4 , pp. 83/84 and 86.
  16. ↑ Barbara Hartl: Enid Blyton (1897–1968) Secret about a brilliant liar . In: Writers . Tree house, Bergisch Gladbach 2009, ISBN 978-3-8339-2451-4 , p. 88.
  17. ↑ Chronology . In: The Enid Blyton Society, accessed June 14, 2015.
  18. ↑ Enid Blyton: The Story of My Life . Klopp, Munich 1997, ISBN 3-7817-5410-3 , pp. 51-52.
  19. ↑ Khuê Pham : It works without an adult . In: The time . No. 5/2014, January 23, 2014, p. 37.
  20. ↑ Enid Blyton: The Story of My Life . Klopp, Munich 1997, ISBN 3-7817-5410-3 , pp. 58-62.
  21. ↑ Enid Blyton: The Story of My Life . Klopp, Munich 1997, ISBN 3-7817-5410-3 , pp. 65-69.
  22. ↑ Barbara Hartl: Enid Blyton (1897–1968) Secret about a brilliant liar . In: Writers . Tree house, Bergisch Gladbach 2009, ISBN 978-3-8339-2451-4 , p. 76.
  23. ^ Almut Prieger: The work of Enid Blyton . dipa, Frankfurt am Main 1982, ISBN 3-7638-0114-6 , p. 13.
  24. ↑ Enid Blyton: The Story of My Life . Klopp, Munich 1997, ISBN 3-7817-5410-3 , p. 100.
  25. ↑ Barbara Hartl: Enid Blyton (1897–1968) Secret about a brilliant liar . In: Writers . Tree house, Bergisch Gladbach 2009, ISBN 978-3-8339-2451-4 , p. 82.
  26. ^ Almut Prieger: The work of Enid Blyton . dipa, Frankfurt am Main 1982, ISBN 3-7638-0114-6 , pp. 13, 22.
  27. ↑ Gyles Brandreth: Unhappy families . In: THE AGE, March 31, 2002, accessed June 19, 2015.
  28. ↑ Barbara Stoney's Biography of Enid Blyton . Retrieved June 19, 2015.
  29. ↑ Julie Carpenter: Enid Blyton the nightmare mother . In: Daily Express , February 24, 2011, accessed June 19, 2015.
  30. ^ Enid Blyton . In: Who's who, accessed June 18, 2015.
  31. ^ Almut Prieger: The work of Enid Blyton . dipa, Frankfurt am Main 1982, ISBN 3-7638-0114-6 , pp. 40-47.
  32. ↑ Enid Blyton: The Story of My Life . Klopp, Munich 1997, ISBN 3-7817-5410-3 , p. 78.
  33. ↑ Enid Blyton: The Story of My Life . Klopp, Munich 1997, ISBN 3-7817-5410-3 , p. 73.
  34. ↑ Andrea Lebeau: Condensed milk instead of binge drinking: The world of Enid Blyton . Retrieved June 4, 2015.
  35. ↑ Annika Leister: Writing was her life . In: Kölner Stadt-Anzeiger , August 11, 2014.
  36. ↑ Barbara Hartl: Enid Blyton (1897–1968) Secret about a brilliant liar . In: Writers . Tree house, Bergisch Gladbach 2009, ISBN 978-3-8339-2451-4 , p. 87.
  37. ^ Almut Prieger: The work of Enid Blyton . dipa, Frankfurt am Main 1982, ISBN 3-7638-0114-6 , p. 29.
  38. ↑ Kirsti Kriegel: Enid Blyton . In: Rossipotti Literature Lexicon, ed. by Annette Kautt, June 13, 2012, accessed June 3, 2015.
  39. ^ Almut Prieger: The work of Enid Blyton . dipa, Frankfurt am Main 1982, ISBN 3-7638-0114-6 , p. 13.
  40. ↑ Chronology . In: The Enid Blyton Society, accessed June 14, 2015.
  41. ^ Almut Prieger: The work of Enid Blyton . dipa, Frankfurt am Main 1982, ISBN 3-7638-0114-6 , p. 31.
  42. ↑ Barbara Hartl: Enid Blyton (1897–1968) Secret about a brilliant liar . In: Writers . Baumhaus, Bergisch Gladbach 2009, ISBN 978-3-8339-2451-4 , pp. 92, 79-85.
  43. ^ Sarah Heuberger: 110th birthday of a great writer . In: WAS IST WAS, August 2, 2007, accessed June 4, 2015.
  44. ↑ Chronology . In: The Enid Blyton Society, accessed June 14, 2015.
  45. ↑ Kirsti Kriegel: Enid Blyton . In: Rossipotti Literature Lexicon, ed. by Annette Kautt, June 13, 2012, accessed June 3, 2015.
  46. ^ Enid Blyton . In: Who's who, accessed June 18, 2015.
  47. ↑ Enid Blyton: The Story of My Life. Klopp, Munich 1997, ISBN 3-7817-5410-3 , p. 105.
  48. ↑ Barbara Hartl: Enid Blyton (1897–1968) Secret about a brilliant liar . In: Writers . Tree house, Bergisch Gladbach 2009, ISBN 978-3-8339-2451-4 , p. 87.
  49. ^ Almut Prieger: The work of Enid Blyton . dipa, Frankfurt am Main 1982, ISBN 3-7638-0114-6 , p. 31.
  50. ↑ Enid Blyton: The Story of My Life . Klopp, Munich 1997, ISBN 3-7817-5410-3 , p. 117.
  51. ↑ Barbara Hartl: Enid Blyton (1897–1968) Secret about a brilliant liar . In: Writers . Baumhaus, Bergisch Gladbach 2009, ISBN 978-3-8339-2451-4 , pp. 88-89, 91.
  52. ↑ a b c d e f Thomas Kielinger: Politically correct: Enid Blyton is corrected . In: Die Welt , July 3, 2006.
  53. ↑ Elmar Ries: The Blyton from Billerbeck . In: Westfälische Nachrichten , September 18, 2013, accessed on June 18, 2015.
  54. ^ Almut Prieger: The work of Enid Blyton . dipa, Frankfurt am Main 1982, ISBN 3-7638-0114-6 , pp. 47-52.
  55. ^ Almut Prieger: The work of Enid Blyton . dipa, Frankfurt am Main 1982, ISBN 3-7638-0114-6 , p. 51.
  56. ↑ Enid Blyton: The Story of My Life . Klopp, Munich 1997, ISBN 3-7817-5410-3 , p. 83.
  57. ↑ Enid Blyton: The Story of My Life . Klopp, Munich 1997, ISBN 3-7817-5410-3 , p. 84.
  58. ↑ Enid Blyton: The Story of My Life . Klopp, Munich 1997, ISBN 3-7817-5410-3 , pp. 19, 21.
  59. ↑ Enid Blyton: The Story of My Life. Klopp, Munich 1997, ISBN 3-7817-5410-3 , p. 94.
  60. ↑ Enid Blyton: The Story of My Life . Klopp, Munich 1997, ISBN 3-7817-5410-3 , pp. 29-41.
  61. ↑ Enid Blyton: The Story of My Life . Klopp, Munich 1997, ISBN 3-7817-5410-3 , pp. 89-92.
  62. ↑ Barbara Hartl: Enid Blyton (1897–1968) Secret about a brilliant liar . In: Writers . Tree house, Bergisch Gladbach 2009, ISBN 978-3-8339-2451-4 , p. 85.
  63. ^ Almut Prieger: The work of Enid Blyton . dipa, Frankfurt am Main 1982, ISBN 3-7638-0114-6 , pp. 30, 135.
  64. ↑ Enid Blyton: The Story of My Life. Klopp, Munich 1997, ISBN 3-7817-5410-3 , pp. 92-97.
  65. ↑ Otto Brunken: The Blyton riddle and the desire for the trivial. Enid Blyton's "Five Friends" books . In: Bettina Hurrelmann (ed.): Classics of children's and youth literature. Frankfurt am Main, Fischer Taschenbuch 1995, ISBN 3-596-12668-1 , p. 407.
  66. ↑ Otto Brunken: The Blyton riddle and the desire for the trivial. Enid Blyton's "Five Friends" books . In: Bettina Hurrelmann (ed.): Classics of children's and youth literature. Frankfurt am Main, Fischer Taschenbuch 1995, ISBN 3-596-12668-1 , p. 411.
  67. ↑ Otto Brunken: The Blyton riddle and the desire for the trivial. Enid Blyton's "Five Friends" books . In: Bettina Hurrelmann (ed.): Classics of children's and youth literature. Frankfurt am Main, Fischer Taschenbuch 1995, ISBN 3-596-12668-1 , p. 404.
  68. ^ Enid Blyton . In: Who's who, accessed June 18, 2015.
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  77. ↑ Khuê Pham: It works without an adult . In: Die Zeit , January 23, 2014, No. 5, p. 37.
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  88. ↑ Otto Brunken: The Blyton riddle and the desire for the trivial. Enid Blyton's "Five Friends" books. In: Bettina Hurrelmann (ed.): Classics of children's and youth literature. Frankfurt am Main, Fischer Taschenbuch 1995, ISBN 3-596-12668-1 , p. 417.
  89. ↑ Otto Brunken: The Blyton riddle and the desire for the trivial. Enid Blyton's "Five Friends" books . In: Bettina Hurrelmann (ed.): Classics of children's and youth literature. Frankfurt am Main, Fischer Taschenbuch 1995, ISBN 3-596-12668-1 , pp. 414, 417.
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  91. ↑ Cf. Dieter Petzold: Blyton, Enid . In: Metzler Lexicon of English-Speaking Authors. Edited by Eberhard Kreutzer and Ansgar Nünning, Metzler, Stuttgart / Weimar 2002, ISBN 3-476-01746-X , p. 52.
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  93. ↑ Why is she a hero? . Retrieved June 20, 2015.
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  100. ↑ strassen-in-deutschland.de: Enid-Blyton-Straße in Hennef (Sieg)
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  102. ↑ google.de: Enid-Blyton-Weg
personal data
SURNAME Blyton, Enid
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Blyton, Enid Gillian
BRIEF DESCRIPTION British children's author
DATE OF BIRTH August 11, 1897
PLACE OF BIRTH Dulwich near London , England
DATE OF DEATH November 28, 1968
Place of death Hampstead , London , England