Eugen Jäger

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Eugen Jäger, Catholic publisher, member of the Bavarian State Parliament and German Reichstag member.
Company emblem, Jägerscher Verlag, Speyer.
Pastoral letter from Speyer Bishop Georg von Ehrler , 1903, published by Jägerschen Verlag, Speyer.

Eugen Jäger (baptized name Franz Paul Joseph Eugen Jäger; born August 27, 1842 in Annweiler am Trifels , † May 7, 1926 in Speyer ) was a Catholic publisher and publicist, member of the Bavarian State Parliament and German Reichstag member for the Center Party . In his time he was one of the most active and well-known Catholic lay people in the diocese of Speyer . He also published under the pseudonym P. v. Rhine .

Live and act

Eugen Jäger was born on August 27, 1842 in Annweiler am Trifels, Palatinate, as the first of four children. His parents were the general practitioner Johann Lukas Jäger from Harthausen and Apollonia Josefa Ludowika geb. Martin of Kaiserslautern . The father, himself politically very active, founded the Pfälzer Zeitung in Speyer in 1849 as a “Christian-conservative fighting organ for those loyal to the king” and between 1849 and 1858 was a conservative member of the Bavarian state parliament.

His brother Franz (1844–1883) was a doctor in Edenkoben, his brother Richard (1845–1899) was a Bavarian soldier, he made it up to lieutenant colonel. In 1875 he married Dora Bronzetti (1850–1934), the daughter of Major General Heinrich Bronzetti (1815–1882) and granddaughter of Carl Joseph Bronzetti (1788–1854). His grandson of the same name Richard Jaeger continued Eugen Jäger's political activities as a member of the Bundestag and Federal Minister of Justice. His sister Luise (1846–1926) married Rudolph von Richter (1835–1919) , who later became President of the Bavarian Senate at the Reich Military Court .

The parliamentarian's son grew up partly in Munich, attended grammar schools in Mannheim and Speyer and finally studied natural sciences and engineering in Karlsruhe , Munich and Zurich . During his studies in Munich, Jäger, as a co-founder of the fraternity and later Corps Germania (in 1863, as its first spokesman ), particularly campaigned for the social recognition of students at higher technical schools. During his time in Karlsruhe he had been a member of the Teutonia fraternity since 1860 , but resigned in 1862.

As early as 1866, Eugen Jäger was called back to Speyer by his father, as he could no longer cope with the work on his Pfälzer Zeitung alone. He now followed in his footsteps, was less active in the natural sciences than humanistic / religious / political and in 1867 was awarded a Dr. phil. PhD . In 1873/74 Jäger entered into a brief exchange of letters with Karl Marx .

When his father died in 1874, the son took over the newspaper and the publishing house in Speyer. In 1876 Eugen Jäger founded the Catholic newspapers Rheinisches Volksblatt for Speyer and a little later the Palatinate Volksblatt for the districts of Ludwigshafen am Rhein and Frankenthal (Pfalz) . In 1889 Jäger added a bookshop to the newspaper publisher, and a branch was established in Ludwigshafen. The company traded under: Jägersche Buchdruckerei und Buchhandlung, Speyer and Ludwigshafen . As early as 1874, Jäger had transferred the Pfälzer Zeitung , which he had taken over from his father , to the Center Party as one of its official press organs. In the 1990s, his political activities forced him to leave the editing of his newspapers to others.

In 1882 he founded the Palatinate Center Association (regional association of the party) together with the priest Franz Xaver Schädler and the Deidesheim winery owner Johann Julius Siben , which he headed as chairman from 1907.

From 1887 to 1911 Eugen Jäger was a member of the Bavarian Chamber of Deputies for the German Center Party , and from 1898 to 1918 also of the German Reichstag , both for the Swabian constituency of Dillingen . From 1919 to 1920 he was a member of the Germersheim district , again for the Bavarian People's Party in the Munich state parliament . During this time, Eugen Jäger acted as the age president of parliament. He presided a. a. the memorable session of the Landtag on February 21, 1919, during which two members of parliament were murdered. When the previous Prime Minister Kurt Eisner ( USPD ) fell victim to an assassination attempt on the way to the state parliament session on February 21, 1919 , angry supporters of Eisner forcibly penetrated the state parliament and shot the MPs Heinrich Osel and Major Paul Ritter von Jahreiß (speaker in Bavarian War Ministry). The SPD deputy and previous Minister of the Interior Erhard Auer was seriously injured, but was saved by an emergency operation.

From 1884 to 1920 Eugen Jäger was a member of the Speyer city council. In 1869 he married Lina Moll , who died in 1871 while giving birth to a dead child. Since 1874 he was married to Rosa Neu from Obermoschel and had 13 children with her. He died on May 7, 1926 in Speyer and was buried in the main cemetery (then the new cemetery). The grave with the inscription "Jaeger family" still exists today. Jäger had the title of royal councilor.

Jakob Bisson dedicated a separate chapter to him in 1956 in his standard work on diocesan history, “Seven Speyer Bishops and Their Time” , because he was one of the most important Catholic lay people in the diocese. A street in Speyer is named after Eugen Jäger.

In his own, mainly political publications, Jäger dealt with social issues, the agricultural issue and the cooperative system as well as church politics and published a. a. Modern Socialism (1873) and The Agricultural Question of the Present (4 volumes, 1882–1893), History of the German Peasant Class (1889). Shortly before his death, he also published political memoirs under the title: Domestic Political Memories from the Wilhelmine Era (1926).

Before the church's own Pilger Verlag was founded, his book publisher published a great number of writings from the Diocese of Speyer. For decades all pastoral letters of the bishops of Speyer, the generalia (written ordinances) of the ordinariate and later the Oberhirtlichen ordinance sheets (OVB) that replaced them were published in the Jägerschen Druckereiverlag, as well as important books such as the biographies of Bishop Konrad Reither (Jakob Baumann , 1910), by Bishop Daniel Bonifazius von Haneberg (A. Huth, 1927), about cathedral chapter Franz Xaver Remling (Jakob Baumann, 1903) and about the prelate Damian Hugo Philipp von Lehrbach ( Joseph Schwind , 1915).

In the spirit of Eugen Jäger, the Jäger print shop in Speyer published the papal encyclical Mit Brennender Sorge in a print run of around 40,000 copies in 1937 and was then closed by the state police and the owners were later expropriated without compensation. It was not returned to the original owner until 1951, when the company Jäger Druck GmbH in Speyer was taken over by the company Ernst Klett Stuttgart in 1972. Since then, apart from a few minor interruptions, Walter Wirtz has been running the business of Jäger Druck GmbH. In 1989, Wirtz bought Jäger Druck GmbH. Since then, the company has been trading as Walter Wirtz Druck & Verlag .

memorial

Eugen-Jäger-Stube

The city of Speyer and the Eugen-Jäger-Stiftung, founded in 2012, maintain the Eugen-Jäger-Stube in the Kleine Pfaffengasse as a memorial for the publisher. In three rooms above the SchPIRA museum, furnishings, books, pictures and other personal items from the estate of Jäger and his family are on display .

Works

  • The graphic arithmetic . Ferdinand Kleeberger, Speyer 1867 (dissertation) digitized
  • Modern socialism. Karl Marx , the International Workers' Association , Lassalle and the German Socialists. G. van Muyden, Berlin. 1873 digitized
  • VA Huber a champion of social reform. Depicted in his life and pursuits . Puttkammer & Mühlbrecht, Berlin 1880
  • Cooperative system and the reform of the cooperative law . Germania, Berlin 1884 digitized
  • The craftsman question . Germania, Berlin 1887
  • The French Revolution and the Social Movement . Vol. 1, France on the eve of the revolution of 1789 . Puttkammer and Mühlbrecht, Berlin 1890 ( History of social movement and socialism in France, Vol. 2)
  • Agricultural question of the present. Social Political Studies . 4 vols. Puttkammer and Mühlbrecht, Berlin 1882–1893
  • P. v. Rhine: Jesuits and Evangelical Covenant. Contemporary reflections on 1. Jesuit morality a. Luther morality, 2. The end justifies the means, 3. The doctrine of the murder of tyrants, 4. Protestant defenders of the tyrannical u. Regicide . 1892
  • The Bavarian tax reform of 1899. A contribution to SME policy . Jäger'sche Buchdruckerei and Buchhandlung, Speyer 1900
  • The housing issue . Germania, Berlin 1902 digitized
  • The imperial financial reform of 1906 and its new taxes . 1st - 3rd Thaw Central office d. Volksver. fd cath. Germany, M. Gladbach 1906
  • The Incremental Tax Act of February 14, 1911. Its most important provisions with instructions and examples for use by land and house owners . Volksvereins-Verlag, Mönchen-Gladbach 1913
  • War and war aims. Pustet, Regensburg 1917 (Books of the Hour. Vol. 2)
  • The career and advancement of the British Empire. A Colonial Political Study . Volksvereins-Verlag, M- Gladbach 1922 ( Citizens' Library, issue 107)
  • Memories from the Wilhelmine era . Haas & Grabherr, Augsburg 1926 (Politics and Culture 3)

estate

literature

  • M. Geßner: Eugen Jäger . In: Allgemeine Rundschau . 9th year 1912
  • Adolf Damaschke : In memoriam ... Eugen Jäger as a social politician - a commemorative sheet for May 7th . In: Rheinisches Volksblatt . 1927, No. 106 of May 7, 1927.
  • Rudolf Joeckle: Councilor Dr. Eugen Jäger - a pioneer in German social policy. In: 400 years of high school in Speyer. 1952.
  • Jakob Bisson : Seven Speyer bishops and their time. Pilger Verlag, Speyer 1956, own chapter on Dr. Eugen Jäger, pp. 161–163 and elsewhere.
  • Hunter, Eugene . In: Wilhelm Kosch : Biograsphisches Staats Handbuch. Lexicon of politics and journalism . Continued by Eugen Kuri. ". Volume. Francke Verlag, Berlin and Munich 1963, p. 596
  • Ernst Otto Bräunche: Eugen Jäger (1842–1926) In: Pfälzer Lebensbilder , Volume 4, Speyer 1987, p. 223 ff.
  • Detlev Peiper and Günter Raab: Monumenta Germaniae IV, 130 years of Corps Germania in Munich 1863–1993. Ingolstadt 1993.
  • Viktor Carl: Lexicon of Palatinate personalities. 3rd, revised. and exp. Ed. Arwid Hennig, Edenkoben 2004 ISBN 3-9804668-5-X , p.
  • Eugen Jäger and the German cooperative movement. Non-profit building cooperative Speyer, Speyer 2004 (series of publications Volume 1)
  • Rudolf Morsey : Eugen Jäger (1842–1926) . In: Zeitgeschichte in Lebensbildern ed. by Rudolf Morsey. 11th year Mainz, 2004 ISBN 3-402-06123-6 , pp. 10-22
  • Helge Dvorak: Biographical Lexicon of the German Burschenschaft. Volume I: Politicians, Part 7: Supplement A – K, Winter, Heidelberg 2013, ISBN 978-3-8253-6050-4 . Pp. 502-504.

Web links

Commons : Eugen Jäger  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Eugen Jäger to Karl Marx October 31, 1873 ( IISG Marx-Engels estate D 2462 and January 3, 1874 (IISG D 2463))
  2. ^ In the possession of Karl Marx with numerous marginalia. See Marx-Engels Complete Edition . Department IV. Volume 32. Akademie Verlag, Berlin 1999 ISBN 3-05-003440-8 , p. 349 number 626.
  3. ↑ http://www.speyer.de/sv_speyer/de/Rathaus/Stiftungen/Eugen-J%C3%A4ger-Stiftung/
  4. ^ Pseudonym of Eugen Jäger.
personal data
SURNAME Hunter, Eugene
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Jäger, Franz Paul Joseph Eugen (full name); P. v. Rhine (pseudonym)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German publisher, publicist and politician, MdR
DATE OF BIRTH August 27, 1842
PLACE OF BIRTH Annweiler am Trifels
DATE OF DEATH May 7, 1926
Place of death Speyer