Eugene Floyd DuBois

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Eugene Floyd DuBois (also: Dubois ; born June 4, 1882 in West New Brighton , Staten Island , New York ; † February 12, 1959 ) was an American doctor and physiologist at Cornell University Medical School .

Life

DuBois earned a bachelor's degree from Harvard University and studied medicine from 1902 at Columbia College of Physicians and Surgeons ( Columbia University , New York City ), among others with Theodore Caldwell Janeway . After graduating in 1906, DuBois went to Berlin for six months , where he was trained in pathology at the Charlottenburg Hospital . Back in New York, DuBois began his internship at the Presbyterian Hospital . He then spent - on the recommendation of John Howland - another two years in Berlin, where he learned among others with Graham Lusk from Theodor Brugsch in Friedrich Kraus' clinic and with a respiratory apparatus (see Max von Pettenkofer # Services ) experiments on the basal metabolic rate in diabetics made.

In New York, DuBois could not continue his research at the Presbyterian Hospital and finally took a position in 1911 as head of pathology at the Russell Sage Institute , which was part of Cornell University . DuBois held this position until he retired. At least in the first few years he also had to practice as a doctor in order to secure a livelihood at home. During World War I he served on the National Research Council .

In 1930 DuBois received a professorship in internal medicine at Cornell University. He spent a research semester with Friedrich von Müller in Munich . In 1941 DuBois switched to a professorship for physiology and biophysics . In 1942 he was called up , but allowed six months a year on hold as a civilian lectures. After the war, DuBois worked full-time at Cornell University until his retirement in 1950. Even after his retirement he remained scientifically active, even if a stroke in 1954 restricted his work.

DuBois had been married to Rebeckah DuBois, nee Rutter, since 1910.

Act

DuBois and colleagues examined the basal metabolic rate in various diseases and were able to prove that a high-calorie diet is beneficial for typhoid .

During the First World War, DuBois worked as a defense against poison gas attacks , as an aviation medic and for the ventilation of submarines . Here he set a 96-hour diving record, which was only broken much later with nuclear submarines . During the Second World War he researched the safety of pilots under extreme conditions and again long diving trips . He worked for the Office of Scientific Research and Development (OSDR) to reduce injuries in airplane crashes .

Together with his cousin, the engineer Delafield DuBois , Eugene Floyd DuBois developed the DuBois formula for estimating the body surface area from body size and weight. A first estimate (together with Delafield DuBois and Carl Meeh ) showed a proportionality of the body surface area to the third root of the square of the body weight. Together with Joseph Charles Aub , DuBois published a table to estimate the age-dependent basal metabolic rate per square meter of body surface (Aub-Dubois table) .

Together with David P. Barr , DuBois was able to show that just as much heat can be given off through cool skin as through warm skin.

Further work by DuBois dealt with hyperparathyroidism , diabetes mellitus , diseases of the thyroid gland , as well as heat regulation and fever . Even in retirement, DuBois was still working on the peculiarities of the metabolism in Eskimos .

Awards (selection)

An island off the Antarctic bears his name: DuBois Island .

Web links

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Book of Members 1780-present (PDF, 517 kB) at the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (amacad.org); accessed on February 7, 2017.
  2. ↑ Eugene Dubois. In: nasonline.org. Retrieved February 7, 2017 .
  3. ^ American Philosophical Society - Member History. In: amphilsoc.org. Retrieved February 7, 2017 .
  4. ↑ George M. Kober Medal and Lectureship. In: aap-online.org. Retrieved February 7, 2017 .
  5. ↑ Banting Medal for Scientific Achievement Award ( Memento from November 13, 2016 in the Internet Archive )
  6. ↑ DuBois Island in the Geographic Names Information System of the United States Geological Survey
personal data
SURNAME DuBois, Eugene Floyd
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Dubois, Eugene Floyd; Bois, Eugène Floyd you
BRIEF DESCRIPTION American physiologist
DATE OF BIRTH June 4, 1882
PLACE OF BIRTH West New Brighton , Staten Island , New York
DATE OF DEATH February 12, 1959