First Avenue (Manhattan)
| First avenue 1st Avenue
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| First Avenue North on Lenox Hill as seen from the Roosevelt Island Aerial Tramway . | |
| Basic data | |
| city | New York City |
| Borough | Manhattan |
| Created | from 1811 |
| Connecting roads |
Allem Street Willis Avenue Bridge |
| Cross streets | 1st Street to 128th Street |
| Places | United Nations Plaza |
| Numbering system | Orientation numbering |
| Buildings |
UN headquarters |
| Subway stations | 1 avenue 
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| use | |
| User groups | Individual traffic , omnibus , bicycle traffic |
| Technical specifications | |
| Street length | approx. 10 km |
The First Avenue is about ten kilometer road on the East Side of the borough Manhattan in New York City , USA .
location
First Avenue is a one-way street from south to north. It starts on Houston Street and ends on 126th Street . The continuation of First Avenue is the Willis Avenue Bridge , which leads over the Harlem River into the Bronx .
First Avenue crosses the East Village , Gramercy Park and Stuy Town neighborhoods from south to north , where the road forms the border of the two neighborhoods, then continues northwards through Kips Bay , Murray Hill , Tudor City , Turtle Bay , where the UN is located - Headquarters is located in Midtown East , Upper East Side , where the road passes under the Queensboro Bridge , Lenox Hill , then again through the Upper East Side, which includes Lenox Hill, Yorkville and ends in East Harlem , also known as Spanish Harlem .
history
First Avenue was one of the twelve north-south streets on Manhattan proposed in the Commissioners' plan of 1811 . This plan formed the basis for the planned city on Manhattan. The southern part of the street was laid out shortly after the plan was approved, the northern part followed in several sections over the course of the 19th century, which were laid out as the city expanded northwards.
From 1878 to 1942, the IRT Second Avenue Line , an elevated railway that took its name from the northern portion of the line that ran from 23rd Street on Second Avenue , ran on the lower portion of Frist Avenue between Houston Street and 23rd Street . Trams continued to operate on First Avenue. From June 1951, First Avenue became a one-way street for traffic going north.
Almost its entire length of the road is provided with a cycle path that is separated from the road. The bike path joins Paladino Avenue at the north end at 124th Street .
expansion
From the start at Houston Street, the street has three 3-meter-wide lanes for private transport , one lying on the right side 3.35 m wide bus and Abbie knitted tires and lying on the left side protected bicycle lanes of 1.8 m width. This is separated from the lanes by the 2.75 m wide parking lane and an additional 1.5 m wide restricted area . At crossings with a left turn, they are led at the apex angle against the cycle lane so that road users can better recognize each other. Before the protected cycle lane was built, cycle traffic in the lane was integrated into the left-most lane.
From 14th Street, the street cross-section widens by three strips. On the right side there is an additional lane separated by a concrete sidewalk with parking lanes on the right and left. It can only be accessed from westbound 14th Street or via a link north of 16th Street . Likewise, it is only possible to change from this lane north of 17th Street to the other three lanes, the traffic remaining in the lane is led to the east on 20th Street .
To the north of 20th Street, there is another right-turn lane separated by a concrete median that leads to 23rd Street. From 23rd Street, the street cross-section becomes a little narrower again. To the right of the bus lane, there is an additional lane that is no longer separated by a sidewalk. It serves partly as a parking lane, partly as a right-turn lane.
North of 41st Street , four lanes disappear into the First Avenue Tunnel , which ends at 47th Street . The part of the street running above ground in front of the headquarters of the United Nations carries the address United Nations Plaza at this point . From 49th Street , First Avenue is 70 feet (21.3 m) wide and has four lanes for private traffic up to 79th Street , to the north of it the bus traffic runs in the second strip from the right with the same cross-section, so that there is room for one on the right Parking lanes or a right-turn lane are created and only three lanes are available to the left of the bus lane. This cross-section is maintained until the end of the street at Willis Avenue Bridge.
traffic
In 2015 First Avenue was used in the morning rush hour of 2100 and in the evening of 2600 vehicles. Every day, an average of almost 1,500 cyclists were counted for twelve hours .
Development
East Village
To the south, First Avenue runs through the East Village. Until the mid-1960s, this was a quarter with a high proportion of German and Jewish populations. From the 1950s on, hippies, musicians and artists settled in the East Village. After gentrification in the 1980s, the neighborhood is mainly inhabited by hipsters and yuppies .
Gramercy Park
Between 14th Street and 23rd Street, First Avenue runs along the eastern border of the small district of Gramercy Park, or Gramercy for short. The development was built in the middle of the 19th century. In the middle of the quarter is the eponymous private park of the quarter, to which only residents have access.
Stuyvesant Town
Stuyvesant Town, also known as Stuy Town for short, is located east of First Avenue between 14th Street and 20th Street . The 1947 completed complex in a green area comprises 35 apartment houses in brick cladding , which mainly by veterans of the Second World War were inhabited. In total there are more than 8,700 apartments in the development. The development is named after Petrus Stuyvesant , the last general manager of the Dutch colony Nieuw Amsterdam , who had his farm in the area of the housing estate.
Peter Cooper Village
North of 20th Street joins the Peter Cooper Village development as a northern extension of Stuy Town . In terms of area, it is smaller than Stuy Town and comprises 21 apartment buildings. The name of the settlement goes back to the industrialist Peter Cooper . The area of Stuyvesant Town and Peter Cooper Village was formerly called the Gashouse District and was mainly used as an industrial area.
Hospitals in Kips Bay
In the Kips Bay area, Frist Avenue is lined with three large hospitals on the east side. They are New York Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bellevue Hospital Center, and New York University Medical Center . At the intersection with 34th Street are the two ventilation shafts of the East River Tunnels on the right , which lead the Northeast Corridor from Penn Station under the East River .
American Copper Buildings
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The American Copper Buildings are two eye-catching skyscrapers that stand between First Avenue and the East River. The two 165 and 145 m high towers were completed in 2017. They are connected to a skybridge at a height of 100 m .
UN headquarters
The UN headquarters is on the east side of First Avenue between 42nd Street and 47th Street. At this point, First Avenue runs through the First Avenue Tunnel under the United Nations Plaza. The building complex designed by several architects was built between 1949 and 1951 on the site of a former slaughterhouse . The aging buildings were renovated from 2008 by the Swedish construction company Skanska and freed from asbestos .
Trump World Tower
Across from the UN headquarters is the Trump World Tower, the second skyscraper built by the real estate company of Donald Trump , the 45th President of the United States and, unlike most skyscrapers in Manhattan, only contains apartments. The Trump World Tower was the tallest residential building in New York City from 2001 to 2011.
Queensboro Bridge
Queensboro Bridge crosses First Avenue at 59th Street. The two-story road bridge opened in 1909 and connects Manhattan with Queens on Long Island. The bridge was the first connection with Queens and initiated the rapid development of the area.
Roosevelt Island Tramway
Immediately after the Queensboro Bridge, the Roosvelt Island Tramway crosses First Avenue. The cable car started operating in 1976 and opens up the residential area on Roosevelt Island in the East River. The cable car was originally used as a temporary measure until the subway station on the F line was completed in 1989, but it has proven itself so well that it has been retained. The runway built by Von Roll was replaced in 2010 by a system from Pomagalski .
Upper East Side
First Avenue runs from 59th Street through the Upper East Side, an affluent residential area. This also includes the Lenox Hill residential area, named after an immigrant Scottish merchant who owned 12 hectares of cultivated land in the area. First Avenue between 60th Street and 72nd Street is sometimes called Bedpan Alley after Tin Pan Alley because there are several hospitals in this area, including the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center .
Yorkville
Yorkville was shaped by German and Hungarian immigrants from the 1880s, of which not much can be seen in the 21st century. First Avenue serves as one of the main shopping streets in the residential area preferred by a wealthy upper class in this neighborhood.
Spanish Harlem
Above 96th Street, First Avenue runs through Spanish Harlem, which takes its name from the large proportion of Puerto Ricans in the area's resident population. The immigration of Puerto Ricans began in the 1930s, before the neighborhood was mainly inhabited by Italians, which is why it was formerly called Italian Harlem . At the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th centuries, a large pushcart market was held in this area of First Avenue , where traders sold their products from handcarts in the open air. There's still a tiny Italian enclave off Pleasant Avenue in East Harlem, between 114th and 120th Streets. In the northern area of First Avenue, north of 110th Street, the number of Mexican residents has increased significantly.
Web links
- Jim Naureckas: 1st Avenue. In: New York Songlines. (English).
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b OpenStreetMap. Retrieved March 21, 2020 .
- ^ Joseph C. Ingraham: Autos Speeded 15% on 1st and 2d Aves .; One-Way Traffic on First Avenue . In: The New York Times . June 5, 1951, ISSN 0362-4331 ( nytimes.com [accessed March 21, 2020]).
- ↑ a b Google Maps. Retrieved March 21, 2020 (de-US).
- ↑ a b c Vision Zero (Ed.): 1st Avenue Protected Bicycle Lane . ( nyc.gov [PDF]).
- ↑ Harlem Focus: Harlem's Hidden History: The Real Little Italy Was Uptown. July 17, 2016, accessed March 26, 2020 .