Francesco Marmaggi

Francesco Marmaggi (before 1939)

Francesco Cardinal Marmaggi (born August 31, 1876 in Rome ; † November 3, 1949 there ) was a diplomat of the Holy See and cardinal to the Curia .

Life

Marmaggi attended the Pontifical Roman Seminary , where he earned a doctorate in philosophy and theology. He was ordained priest for the diocese of Rome on April 14, 1900 in Rome . He then worked in pastoral care in the Diocese of Rome and as a member of the faculty of the Pontifical Roman Athenaeum Sant'Apollinare and employee of the Apostolic Penitentiary until 1904. Pope Pius X appointed him on November 15, 1907 as chaplain to His Holiness . On June 2, 1915, he was made an Honorary Prelate to His Holiness .

Pope Benedict XV appointed him on September 1, 1920 titular Archbishop of Hadrianopolis in Haemimonto and first Apostolic Nuncio in the Kingdom of Romania . The appointment was followed by a long period of negotiations between Romania and the Holy See , and in return, Dimitrie Pennescu was appointed Romania's first ambassador to the Holy See . The Cardinal Secretary of State , Pietro Cardinal Gasparri , gave him on 26 September of that year in the church of Santa Maria in Trastevere , the episcopal ordination ; Co- consecrators were Bonaventura Cerretti , Secretary of the Congregation for Extraordinary Ecclesiastical Affairs, and Lorenzo Schioppa , Apostolic Nuncio in the Kingdom of Hungary . As a motto he chose Lux de luce ("Light from Light"). The Apostolic Nuncio in Switzerland, Luigi Maglione , was consecrated in the same ceremony. Marmaggi represented the Pope at the coronation of Ferdinand I as King of Greater Romania in 1922 , a ceremony that took place in Alba Iulia .

After the Greco-Turkish War he was envoy extraordinary to Turkey. This mission was evidence of Pius XI. Decision by which the papacy intensified diplomatic relations, a policy outlined in the encyclical Pacem, Dei munus pulcherrimum , and bid farewell to the tradition of French protection for the Catholics of the Middle East . At the same time, the Pope also sent Celso Benigno Luigi Costantini to China to establish contacts with the Beiyang government .

On May 30, 1923, Marmaggi was appointed Apostolic Nuncio in Czechoslovakia . However, two years later he was recalled to Rome as a token of protest. This was the result of several differences of opinion between the authorities on both sides, triggered by the Czechoslovak decision to upálení mistra Jana Husa to celebrate a festival in honor Jan Hus ' who had influenced the Protestant dogma as heretics at the stake burned was.

Francesco Marmaggi left Prague on July 6, 1925 after repeated warnings President Tomáš Masaryk , Prime Minister Antonín Švehla and Foreign Minister Edvard Beneš did not comply with the demand not to take part in the celebrations, with the three politicians taking part in the celebration as private individuals. His protest was supported by Československá strana lidová , which criticized President Masaryk. As a result of his departure, Czechoslovakia broke off diplomatic relations with the Holy See.

The Pope appointed him Apostolic Nuncio in Poland on February 13, 1928 . Pius XI. took him on December 16, 1935 as a cardinal priest with the titular church Santa Cecilia in Trastevere in the college of cardinals . Two years later he analyzed with the Cardinals Maglione, Pietro Boetto SJ , Nicola Canali , Mario Nasalli Rocca di Corneliano , Alberto di Jorio , Giovanni Mercati , Raffaele Carlo Rossi OCD , Carlo Salotti , Federico Tedeschini and Eugène-Gabriel-Gervais-Laurent Tisserant in a papal commission on the situation sparked by the Spanish Civil War and the impact of the conflict on the Roman Catholic clergy in Spain. According to historian Vicente Cárcel Ortí , the commission was created after the Pope was warned of Francisco Franco's decision to overturn republican reforms (at a time when the zone controlled by insurgents was much smaller than the zone of the Republican).

He participated in the 1939 conclave that Pius XII. chose. He left Poland in March 1939, as he was called to be Cardinal Prefect of the Holy Council Congregation . Allegedly, he wanted Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli , the then nuncio in Turkey and Greece and later Pope John XXIII , to be his successor , but his request remained unanswered.

He died of a heart attack and was buried in the Basilica of Santa Cecilia in Trastevere . A street in Rome was named after him (Via Cardinale Marmaggi).

Web links

• Marmaggi, Francesco. In: Salvador Miranda : The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church. ( Florida International University website), accessed July 29, 2016.
• Entry on Francesco Marmaggi on catholic-hierarchy.org ; Retrieved July 29, 2016.

predecessor	Office	successor
Cardinal Luigi Maglione	Cardinal Prefect of the Holy Council Congregation 1939–1949	Giuseppe Cardinal Bruno
Federico Cardinal Tedeschini	Chamberlain of the Holy College of Cardinals 1947–1948	Domenico Cardinal Jorio