Eugène Tisserant
Eugène Gabriel Gervais Laurent Cardinal Tisserant (born March 24, 1884 in Nancy , † February 21, 1972 in Albano Laziale ) was a French priest , orientalist and cardinal dean of the Catholic Church . He was Cardinal Grand Master of the Order of the Knights of the Holy Sepulcher in Jerusalem .
Life
Tisserant was ordained a priest on August 4, 1907 . In 1908 he became scriptor for the Oriental manuscripts at the Vatican Library and professor of Assyrian at the papal Lateran University . At the beginning of the First World War he was wounded outside Nancy in September 1914, then assigned to the Africa Department of the General Staff at the War Ministry and in 1917, at his own request, seconded to the French troops in Palestine as an interpreter. Awarded the Croix de guerre , he left the army as a lieutenant. In the spring of 1919, on his return to Rome, he took up his position in the library again, which he only left when he was appointed cardinal.
Pope Pius XI elevated him to cardinal on June 15, 1936 . Since Tisserant was not bishop at the time of the survey, he was incorporated into the cardinal class of cardinal deacons and received the title deaconry Santi Vito, Modesto e Crescenzia .
Just four days later, on June 19th, he became secretary of the Congregation for the Eastern Churches . Only a year later, on June 25, 1937, was he appointed titular archbishop of Iconium . He received the episcopal ordination a month later, on July 25th, by the then Cardinal Secretary of State and later Pope Pius XII. , Eugenio Pacelli. Co- consecrators were the titular archbishop of Nicomedia , Giuseppe Migone and the archbishop of Strasbourg , Charles Joseph Eugène Ruch . After his ordination, Tisserant rose to the class of cardinal priests on December 13, 1937 , but kept his old title diakonia.
Two years later, on December 11, 1939, he was given the titular church of Santa Maria sopra Minerva, and finally on February 18, 1946, he became cardinal bishop of the suburbicarian diocese of Porto and Santa Rufina .
On 13 January 1951 it chose the cardinal bishops of six dioceses suburbicarian the Cardinal Dean . In the same year, on March 10, he became cardinal prefect of the Congregatio Caeremoniarum .
He took part in the conclave in 1939 , 1958 and 1963 . He led the papal elections in 1958 and 1963 in his function as cardinal dean. In 1970 he turned against the decision of Paul VI. to exclude all cardinals over 80 years of age from the conclave and questioned the state of health of the Pope. At that time he was already 86 years old and therefore affected by the regulation himself.
1957 Tisserant received a new area of responsibility when Pius XII. on September 14th as the archivist of the Vatican Secret Archives and librarian of the Vatican Library . Tisserant had been a member of the Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres since 1938 , in 1961 he was accepted into the Académie française (seat 37, 1961–1972) and since 1958 he was a foreign member of the Accademia dei Lincei . In 1962 he was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences .
From 1960 to 1972 Eugène Tisserant was Cardinal Grand Master of the Order of the Knights of the Holy Sepulcher in Jerusalem .
On March 27, 1971, Tisserant resigned from all positions in the Curia. He died less than a year later at the age of 87.
Orders and honors
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1919: Croix de guerre (1914–1918) (Republique Francaise) -
Cardinal Grand Master (1960–1972) and Knight of the Order of the Holy Sepulcher in Jerusalem
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1951: Grand Cross of the Order de Isabel la Católica
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1957: Grand Cross of the Legion of Honor
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1958: Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
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1961: Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic
- 1958: Honorary doctorate from the University of Vienna
literature
- Johannes Kreuzenbeck: Eugène Tisserant. In: Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL). Volume 20, Bautz, Nordhausen 2002, ISBN 3-88309-091-3 , Sp. 1463-1466.
- Étienne Fouilloux, Eugène cardinal Tisserant (1884–1972), une biography , Paris 2011, ISBN 978-2-220-06298-3 .
Web links
- Literature by and about Eugène Tisserant in the catalog of the German National Library
- Short biography and list of works of the Académie française (French)
- Entry on Eugène Tisserant on catholic-hierarchy.org
- Tisserant, Eugène. In: Salvador Miranda : The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church. ( Florida International University website), accessed August 21, 2016.
Individual evidence
- ^ Giancarlo Zizola : The successor . Patmos-Verlag, Düsseldorf 1997, p. 72
- ↑ To the side . In: Der Spiegel . No. 50 , 1970 ( online ).
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Tisserant, Eugène |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Tisserant, Eugène Gabriel Gervais Laurent |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | French clergyman, cardinal dean of the Catholic Church |
| DATE OF BIRTH | March 24, 1884 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Nancy |
| DATE OF DEATH | February 21, 1972 |
| Place of death | Albano Laziale |