Frauenfriedenskirche
The Frauenfriedenskirche is a Catholic church in the Frankfurt district of Bockenheim . It was built between 1927 and 1929 according to plans by Hans Herkommer on the Ginnheimer Höhe and has been the parish church of the parish Sankt Marien Frankfurt am Main since January 1, 2017.
The Frauenfriedenskirche is located in Frankfurt 's Bockenheim district at the northern end of Zeppelinallee . In front of the church is the Frauenfriedenskirche tram stop on line 16.
history
The plan for the construction of the church was developed in 1916 by Hedwig Dransfeld , the then chairman of the Catholic German Women's Association . Originally she wanted to build the church in Marburg as the last place of activity of St. Elisabeth. Your name should be Cruzifixus Friedenskirche . At the request of the bishop, however, it was decided to go to Frankfurt-Bockenheim. Hedwig Dransfeld linked the following three intentions with the construction of the Friedenskirche:
"1. it is said to be a “memorial for those who fell in the world war” and proclaim for centuries later how the German Catholics in the middle of the world war were ready to honor their brothers who remained in the field of honor;
2. It should rise up to the sky as an “expression of thanks” that the German homeland was essentially spared the devastation of the world war;
3. It should be a 'votive mark of the spirit of peace': as it were, a stone prayer for peace that implores a strong, lasting peace for our German fatherland and represents the solemn pledge of German Catholics to help build spiritual peace in Europe for themselves and their children. "
Foundation assets were collected for the construction of the church, but these were lost again due to inflation . After the necessary funds were collected again in 1927 through efforts by the parish, a competition was announced. For example, the competition stipulated that the church should have 750 seats in the main nave. The construction and the choice of building material was left to the architects. In addition, a rectory with apartments and a parish hall with halls and sexton's apartment were to be planned.
157 designs were received for the competition. Many important church architects of the time, including Dominikus Böhm ( Offenbach ) and Rudolf Schwarz , took part in the competition. The jury included a. Peter Behrens , Ernst May and Paul Bonatz . The work sacrifice by Dominikus Böhm was awarded the first prize . The working committee for the construction of the church decided against the assessment of the arbitral tribunal for the design by Hans Herkommer.
On November 16, 1927, the foundation stone was laid for the church, which was inaugurated by Bishop Joseph Damian Schmitt on May 5, 1929 after 17 months of construction . Abbot Adalbert von Neipperg gave the festive sermon. The church dedicated to Mater dolorosa was handed over to the St. Elisabeth congregation in the afternoon. In her address at the ceremony, Maria Heßberger, representing the Catholic German Women's Association, said:
"We Catholic women built this church as an expression of our great, tremendous pain ... The Women's Peace Church should also be an expression of our great, grateful love for those who gave their lives to protect our lives."
The work is chronologically related to the New Frankfurt project , the Holy Cross Church of which shows formal parallels a year later.
On June 20, 1938, the old Cartell Association of Catholic German Student Associations (VACV) was dissolved by a decree of the National Socialists, the assets were confiscated; the remaining assets were transferred to the Frauenfriedenskirche to preserve the remembrance of the dead.
During the Second World War , the church was badly damaged in the air raids on Frankfurt am Main and was rebuilt with donations. In return for a donation, the names of soldiers from all over Germany who died in the First and now also in the Second World War were recorded in the memorial.
In 2018–2020 a general renovation and redesign of the church is due, in the course of which an impression of the original color scheme of the interior is to be restored.
Architecture and equipment
The church, the parsonage and the parish halls, together with the memorial courtyard measuring 18 by 30 meters, form an architectural unit. The 20-meter high portal structure is divided by three round arch niches, in the middle of which there is a mosaic statue of the Queen of Peace , for whom Hedwig Dransfeld was the inspiration. The statue was made by the sculptor Emil Sutor . The mosaic of the left arch shows the motifs night, mourning and sword and symbolizes the war; the right mosaic symbolizes peace with the representation of sun, joy and flowers. The mosaics are the work of the painter Friedrich Stichs , executed by the company Puhl & Wagner from Berlin-Neukölln .
Under the three-aisled, 18-meter-high church is a crypt in which there is a Pietà by Ruth Schaumann . The monumental mosaic above the high altar, which is two meters above the level of the nave, was created by Josef Eberz . It shows Jesus the crucified , including the seven swords pierced Mother of God . The 18 holy or blessed women grouped around the cross represent different forms of Christian women's life: Maria Magdalena and Veronica as witnesses of the Resurrection and Passion; the martyrs Barbara and Agnes; the missionary Thekla ; the nuns Hildegard von Bingen , Teresa von Avila and Therese von Lisieux ; the wives, mothers and widows Monika von Tagaste , Kunigunde von Luxemburg and Anna Maria Taigi ; the Landgrave and benefactress Elisabeth of Thuringia ; the mystic Katharina von Siena and finally the Silesian duchess and patron saint of the city of Görlitz Hedwig von Andechs .
The choir is framed by a triumphal arch and flanked on both sides by the exits to the crypt, above which the pulpit and bishop's throne are arranged. The bells are in the portal building.
The construction was essentially carried out in the reinforced concrete skeleton lined with pumice masonry, the outside of which was clad with artificial stone slabs (shell limestone and cement with added quartz).
Once mosaic work by Lina von Schauroth was also planned, a column was already completed, the architect and the community rejected the work because it did not match the style of the church.
Furnishing
organ
The organ of the Frauenfriedenskirche was built in 1996 by the Siegfried Sauer company in Höxter . The organ has 45 registers on slider chests with electric play and stop action, distributed over three manuals and pedal. In addition to the production of new stops, 17 stops from the previous organ (Späth 1929, II / 31) and 7 stops from the old choir organ of the Frankfurt Cathedral (Walcker 1951, II / 18) were taken over. The intonation of the organ is matched to the cathedral-like acoustics of the church.
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- Coupling : II / I, III / I, III / II, I / P, II / P, III / P (register switches, pistons)
- Playing aids : 128-fold setting system , crescendo roller, swellstepfor III. Manual (swell)
Bells
Before the Second World War , the church had a six-part chime in the chime sequence as 0 –c 1 –es 1 –f 1 –as 1 –c 2 from the Schilling (Apolda) bell foundry from 1929. The five large bells had to be given for war purposes .
The remaining small bell was melted down for the new bell in 1957. The founder was Hermann Hamm from Frankenthal . The chime is one of his best casting achievements. The bell ensemble is the third largest bronze bell in Frankfurt after the Imperial Cathedral of St. Bartholomew and the Paulskirche , all six bells together weigh 9020 kg. Thanks to the ideal tower room acoustics and the resulting soft, full-tone development of the sound, it is one of the soundly representative bells in the city, but is not part of the Frankfurt city bells . The great Christ Rex bell , along with the Carolus cathedral bell, is one of the bells in Frankfurt with a 0 ; Only the Gloriosa in the cathedral (e 0 ) and the civic bell of the Paulskirche (f sharp 0 ) sound lower .
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No. |
Surname |
Casting year |
Caster |
Ø (mm) |
Weight (kg) |
Nominal ( HT - 1 / 16 ) |
inscription |
| 1 | Christ Rex | 1957 | Hermann Hamm | 1858 | 3450 | a 0 ± 0 | "O Rex Gloriæ veni cum pace" |
| 2 | Mater Dolorosa | 1957 | Hermann Hamm | 1550 | 2040 | c 1 +3 | "Christe cum sit hinc exire / da per matrem me venire / ad palmam victoriæ" |
| 3 | Boniface | 1957 | Hermann Hamm | 1385 | 1430 | d 1 +3 | "Bonifati confirma patriam nostram in vera et firma fide" |
| 4th | Elisabeth | 1956 | Hermann Hamm | 1236 | 1050 | e 1 +3 | "S. Elisabeth mater pauperum inflamma nos amore quo tu ardebas " |
| 5 | Hedwig | 1956 | Hermann Hamm | 1039 | 610 | g 1 ± 0 | "S. Hedwigis imperta defunctis ac nobis pacem et tranquillitatem " |
| 6th | Margarita | 1957 | Hermann Hamm | 912 | 440 | a 1 +3 | "S. Margarita fac mulieres ecclesiæ Margaritas " |
literature
- Hedwig Dransfeld : The spirit of peace. in: The Christian Woman. 1917, p. 241 ff.
- Werner Hegemann : Hans Herkommers new churches . In: Wasmuth's monthly magazine for architecture . 13th year (1929), No. 5, urn : nbn: de: kobv: 109-opus-8739 , pp. 177–186.
- WH: The Frauenfriedenskirche in Frankfurt am Main. Architect: Hans Herkommer, Stuttgart . In: Wasmuths monthly books for architecture and urban development, vol. 14, 1930, pp. 406-410 ( digitized version ).
- Gerta Krabbel : From the history of the women's peace church. in: The Christian Woman. 1927, p. 130 ff.
- Gerta Krabbel (Ed.): Women's Peace Church. The fallen of the world war. Düsseldorf 1935.
- Regina Heyder , A "prayer for peace made in stone". The Frauenfriedenskirche in Frankfurt am Main . In: Gisela Muschiol (Ed.): Katholikinnen und Moderne. Catholic women's movement between tradition and emancipation. Aschendorff, Münster 2003, pp. 121–142.
- Regina Heyder: Heterotopia, sacred space, place of remembrance - women's peace in Frankfurt am Main . In: Angela Kaupp (Hrsg.): Spatial concepts in theology. Interdisciplinary and intercultural approaches . Schwabenverlag, Ostfildern 2016, pp. 89–112.
- Catholic parish Sankt Marien Frankfurt am Main (Hrsg.): History of the churches in Sankt Marien . Self-published, Frankfurt am Main 2017.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Catholic parish Sankt Marien Frankfurt am Main (Hrsg.): History of the churches in Sankt Marien. Self-published, Frankfurt am Main 2017.
- ^ A b c Heike Risse: Early Modernism in Frankfurt am Main. 1920-1933 . Societäts-Verlag, Frankfurt 1984, ISBN 3-7973-0422-6 , p. 171 ff .
- ↑ Dransfeld 1917, p. 247
- ↑ cit. n. Krabbel 1935, p. 27
- ^ Gallery Saxonia Munich about Josef (Joseph) Ebertz
- ↑ Acceptance test report on the new organ in the Frauenfriedenskirche from 10.10.1996, archive of the Frauenfriedensgemeinde.
- ↑ Hubert Foersch: Limburger bells Book - bells and chimes in the diocese Limburg . Verlag des Bischöflichen Ordinariates, Limburg 1997, pp. 225–226.
Web links
- Homepage of the Freundeskreis Frauenfrieden eV on the history of the church
- Homepage of the parish of Sankt Marien
- Video recording of the peal of the Frauenfriedenskirche
Coordinates: 50 ° 7 ′ 42 " N , 8 ° 38 ′ 44" E