Frese (noble family)

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Coat of arms of the Fre (e) se

The family Freese (also: Frese, Vrese ) probably comes from the Gaugrafen zu Langwedel . It first appeared in a document with Gerhardus Friso on June 1, 1222 and with knight Wilken Frese - mentioned in a document between 1256 and 1272 - and with them began the line of the line that became established in the county of Hoya around 1300 .

history

As early as the 10th century, the emperors from the Langwedeler Gaugrafen appointed the Reichsschultheiße ( Podestas ) in Bremen; they abused their prestige and power to suppress the citizens. In 979, the Archbishop of Bremen, Adaldag, reported to Emperor Otto I about their activities. The emperor then granted the city privileges in order to put a stop to the arbitrary interference of the imperial school authorities in the city's rights . This was partly achieved.

They owned several houses in Bremen under the name Frese , which the family did not run until the 12th century. As was customary at the time, these had been converted into castles. Although the Reichsschulzenamt was abolished by the emperor, the power of the Fresen was not broken afterwards. As elected proconsuls (mayors) they ruled the city for a time.

But the family's enemies also remained; feuds broke out between the parties, which caused considerable unrest in the city. Citizens fought against citizens in the streets as either party could resume fighting from their fortified houses. The annals of the city name Gerhard I and the Tethard brothers called the Frese , as those who were at the forefront of the city riots in 1254. Only at the beginning of the 14th century did Bremen calm down after the Fresen and their allies were driven out for eternity in 1307 after the city was defeated. The reasons were as follows: Godeke (Gottschalk), the son of Gerhard I, had got into an argument with Arnd von Gröpelingen . When Arnd von Gröpelingen was sick in bed, Godeke used the opportunity to attack and kill him and his allies. The citizens of Bremen were outraged, banded together, besieged and conquered the Fresische Stadtburg after Godeke had fled. He sought refuge with the dukes of Lüneburg, who took the opportunity to explain the feud to the wealthy Hanseatic city in order to attack and plunder them. So it came to the Bremen council feud in 1304/1305 .

Under the leadership of Godeke Frese, the Lüneburgers and their allies besieged Bremen. But the defense of the city was so well conducted that after six weeks of fighting the city remained unconquered and an atonement was made; In addition, the people of Bremen had destroyed numerous noble residences in the area. The Frese family was expelled from Bremen. After she was compensated for her possessions in the city and in the Weichbild , she undertook never to acquire real estate in Bremen again. The Fresen withdrew to their estates in the bishopric of Bremen , in the county of Oldenburg and in East Frisia .

Around 1350 there was a Johann Frese , son of Godeke. He was the common progenitor of the lines in East Friesland, Oldenburg and in the ore monastery of Bremen. A Franz Frese was 1352 dean of the pin in Pomerania and then in 1367 provost at Kolberger Cathedral ; he was probably a brother of Johann. Likewise Hartmann Frese , who was elected abbot of the St. Michaelis monastery in Hildesheim in 1352 and died there in 1364. Johann I left two sons: Nikolaus I, the founder of the line in what was then the archbishopric of Bremen, and Arend (Arnold), the founder of an extinct line in East Frisia.

The line in Bremen

Nicolaus I appears as a castle man in Hoya in 1470. His children were a daughter Engel , Abbess of Borsum († 1482), and two sons, Johann II. And Wilke I. Johann II. († 1422) Drost zu Friedeburg and Amtmann zu Verden , also Burgmann zu Delmenhorst , was married to Frida and died childless. Wilke I. († 1439) was a knight, Burgmann zu Harpstedt in Bremen and bailiff of the archbishop. Because of his bravery and spiritual gifts he was appointed governor of Oldenburg and Delmenhorst by the Counts of Oldenburg . He was married twice, with Anna von Staffhorst († 1453) and with Elisabeth von Werpup († 1496). Two sons from the latter marriage were Gerhard , Kanon zu Verden and Archdiakon in Seehausen, and Johann III. († 1500), married to Hilda von Landesberg ; he left three sons, Theodorich , Victor and Otto .

  • Theodorich Frese (1483–1540) was cathedral dean of Bremen and provost of Bücken and Zeven : "A well-educated man who was decisive in all important matters of the archbishopric." In 1525 he set up the dike courts to protect the land from the sea and to drain it. He also reached the comparison between the archbishopric and the imperial city of Bremen, whereby a large part of the disputes that had been ruling for centuries over the rights of the city in 1535 were settled
  • Victor Frese was the founder of the line in East Friesland (see below).
  • Otto Frese, lord of Süd Weyhe and Süd Campe, left sons: Otto Ravan, Arnold and Nicolaus. Otto Ravan († 1588) initially entered the Spanish-Dutch service, became a colonel there, but soon took his leave and went to his manor in Süd Weyhe. The Archbishop of Bremen gave him the Drostei zu Friedenburg and the Duke of Braunschweig-Lüneburg the Drostei Ahlden . He was also elected district administrator by the knighthood . He was married twice, to Anna von Hohenberg and Maria Magdalena von Heimburg . From his first marriage two sons were born:
  • Franz Frese, chief of Uttum, founder of a branch line in East Friesland,
  • Marquard Frese, who died as a cavalry master in imperial service in the battle of Saint-Quentin (1557) and is buried in the cathedral of Saint-Quentin .

From second marriage:

  • Theodoric II. Frese (1548–1606), lord of Süd Weyhe and Süd Campe, received a Protestant preamble in the cathedral monastery in Verden, where he was last provost of the cathedral. His wife Anna Grote gave birth to seven sons and four daughters, including:
  • Otto Ravan II, royal Danish captain,
  • Otto Ascan (1587–1641), cathedral dean of Bremen, provost of the monasteries at St. Stephan in Bremen, at Zeven and at Nüenwolde. Although he was married twice, to Anna Eckhufes and Elisabeth von Bardeleben , of whom he left four sons and four daughters, this line died out with them.
  • Johann (* 1590), married to Katharina von Rostorp , who inherited the manors Süd Weyhe and Süd Campe from his brothers, continued this line permanently.
  • Philipp Dietrich and Otto Ravan were both married, the two sisters Maria and Sophia were conventuals in the monasteries Lüne and Osterhagen,
  • Otto Rave († 1678) was a cavalry captain in the Swedish army during the Thirty Years' War , he was married to Maria von Voigt and, after her death, to Anna von Schalbach . He had 14 children from both marriages, including nine daughters, some of whom were married into the von Hoven, Onions, Elbingerode, Oldenburg and Behr families, some of them also canonesses and four sons:
  • Hans Joachim, lieutenant colonel in Brandenburg
  • Otto Friedrich, royal Danish lieutenant colonel
  • Christian, Imperial Lieutenant Colonel
  • Anton Kasimir, holstein-gottorpischer Oberstwachtmeister,

but they all died unmarried.

Philipp Dietrich was father of four sons and four daughters from Maria von Ompteda , of whom Otto Christian († 1738) deputy of the Bremen knighthood and dyke director, this branch through Anna Hedwig von Lutken with a son Georg Melchior and a daughter, who as dean of Klosters Borsum died, reproduced. Georg Melchior, who died in 1733, left a daughter Henriette from Magdalena Maria Frese from the Hinte family in East Friesland , married to Ernst August von Sandbeck , and three sons, Christian Moritz , Karl Georg and Nicolaus Christoph , all three of whom died in the Silesian Wars had served the Prussian flag, the middle one lost his life in the battle of Maxen in 1759, but the other two received wounds and therefore left the military service. They were both married, the older to Adelheid von Greifenkranz (1763), the younger to Louise von der Betten (1772). The Bremen line of those von Freese died out with their children.

Their goods South Weyhe and South Campe are by the heiresses to the counts of Schwicheldt and the from the ceiling came. A branch line with the nickname called Quiter , which owned the important goods Groß and Klein Kappel, Etelsen, Leeste and Leese in the county of Hoya and had a share in Süd Weyhe, derives its origin from Ortgier Frese called von Quiter . He was the ducal-Lüneburg Drost of Bruchhausen who lived in the early 17th century.

The line in East Frisia

The Castle Hinta located from 1567 until today in the possession of the von Frese.

Victor Freese (1473–1527), the third son of Wilken Freese and Elisabeth von Werpe , came to the Oldenburg court in 1488 as a noble boy. At the age of 18 he was in the wake of Count Enno and Edzard of East Friesland on their journey to Jerusalem , where he was knighted with them to be knight of the Holy Sepulcher . He was able to gain the trust of the counts, so that after their return he was appointed to the council, and he received the castle in Uplengen . He acquired further goods in East Friesland through purchase and marriage. From his first wife Tetta vom Bock (Tetta von Ten) he inherited the glory of Rysum and Loquard . Through his second wife Fossa Beninga he received the castles Uttum and Hinte . His third wife was Sophia von Nesse . In addition, he bought the splendid Borsum and Jarßum and the castles of Groothusen , Campen and Leer . He left six sons and two daughters:

  • Wilco became chief of Rysum and married Katharina von Inn- und Kniphausen,
  • Otto became chief of Loquard and, through his wife Gertrud von Buch's founder of this line, he fell in the Geldrian feud ,
  • Nikolaus was chief at Borsum and Jarsum, Drost at Leer and married Adelheid von Oldenseel . He sold the splendid Loquard and Camping to the Counts of East Friesland. In 1631 Klaas Freese - chief von Hinte - sold the glory of Borsum and Jarsum to the city of Emden.

The brothers Apolt, Arend and Franz were captured during the feud and remained unmarried.

Nikolaus had three sons, Apolt II, Arend and Moritz. After the death of his brothers Moritz (* 1545; † September 6, 1589) inherited all goods, including Hinte. He was married to Nomda Beninga († 1593), with whom he had eight daughters and four sons. The youngest, Nicholas III. (* October 16, 1588; † October 19, 1645), sold Uiterstewehr to Melchior von Frydach and continues the line with Oriana Cornelia von Inn- and Kniphausen (daughter of Tido Hermann von Inn- and Kniphausen, 1583-1616). The couple had eight children.

His son Nicolaus Gerlach (* February 28, 1626, † August 27, 1674) had studied law at Dutch universities. When he returned from his Grand Tour through Europe, he was accepted into the service of the Palatinate as a councilor in 1654. Due to his knowledge of the law, he was appointed assessor of the Imperial Chamber Court in Speyer in 1663 by the Electoral Palatinate . He was married to Magdalena Calandrini (* February 24, 1643, † June 29, 1701). She comes from a noble Savoy family who fled to Geneva because of religious persecution. He was the father of four sons and five daughters.

One of these, Nikolaus Moritz (1671-1717), was appointed governor of his country by Prince Friedrich Wilhelm I of Nassau-Siegen during his absence in 1695. Nicolaus Moritz later returned to East Frisia. In 1704 he married the heiress Henrika von Frydag († 1748) from the house of Uiterstewehr and took over the position of dikemaster in Emden. One of his descendants, NN von Freese zu Hinte, was a knightly administrator and, since 1838, a deputy of the East Frisian knighthood in the state assembly in Hanover. His sons were: Friedrich Ernst (1801-1875), Royal Major General of Hanover, Herr auf Loppersum, and Wilhelm Luis Georg (1809-1852), who married Amalie von Issendorff (1822-1905). One daughter was a conventual in the Neuenwalde monastery near Bremen.

Line in Sweden

The Swedish nobility naturalization as "de Frese" on June 16, 1731 and entry in the nobility class of the Swedish knighthood in 1731 for the royal Swedish lieutenant Georg Christian Frese under the number 1856.

coat of arms

The coat of arms: In the blue field an open golden tournament helmet, which is topped with a silver and blue bead and this is studded with three red balls, each ball with a silver ostrich feathers. The same helmet over the shield.

When the Frese were still in charge of the Reichsschulzen- and mayor's office in the city of Bremen, they had a different coat of arms, as can be seen on the 14th century tombstones in the cathedral church: In the silver shield, three slanting black bolts facing each other upwards; on the helmet, which is covered with a bead, three ostrich feathers, alternating white and black. Bolts are those arrows which, instead of the steel point, lead a square stump, a bolt. Probably after their expulsion, the Fresen adopted a different coat of arms, but kept the ostrich feathers as a helmet symbol. The Fresen, who bought goods in the Duchy of Lüneburg and later became extinct, carried a silver nailed cross in the red field, but on the helmet over a silver and red bead three ostrich feathers, alternating red and silver.

Name bearer

Unrelated

  • Johann Conrad Freese (* April 23, 1758 - October 8, 1819), councilor, writer, son of the school teacher Jakob Freese
  • Friedrich Ernst von Freese (1801–1875), court painter in Kassel
  • Ralph von Frese , American geophysicist and professor at Ohio State University (USA)

Line back

  1. Viktor (1470–1527): (1) Tetta tom Brook: (2) Fossa Allena: (2) Sophia von Nesse (near Berum), (also: Fia Keens widow of Hilko Houwerda)
    1. Wilko (1500–1563)
    2. Occo (1505-1533)
    3. Ailt († 1542) - Lord of Uttum
    4. Claes (Klaas, Nikolaus) Lord of Uttum (1542). Herr zu Hinte (1567), grave slab in Leer (1520–1589)
      1. Aylt (1550–?) Lord of Uttum: (1) Sophia Unken (1550–1584), heiress
        1. Sophia (1582–1609) ∞ Jost Hane
        2. Garrelt and Victor, single, sell Uttum to Jost Hane
      2. Moritz (Mauritz) (1555–1589) Lord to the rear ∞ Nomna Beninga (1560–1593)
        1. Adda (1585–?) ∞ Jost Hane (thereby inherits the Haneburg )
        2. Nicolaus (* October 16, 1588; † October 19, 1645), Herr von Hinte ∞ Orania Cornelie zu Inn- und Knyphausen (1613–1680)
          1. Nicolaus Gerlach (1626–1674) ∞ Magdalena Calandrini (* February 24, 1643; † June 29, 1701)
            1. Nikolaus Moritz Viktor (1671–1717) ∞ Henrika von Frydag († 1748)
              1. Magdalena Oriana (born September 16, 1707; † June 1, 1740) ∞ Georg Melchior Freese (tribe Hoya, great-grandson of Johann Freese) (born February 13, 1701; † December 20, 1738)
                1. Christian Moritz (* May 12, 1729; † February 11, 1778) Herr von Hinte ∞ Adelheid Anna Maria von Greiffenkrantz (* December 6, 1744; † April 4, 1807)
                  1. Carl-Friedrich Victor (December 1, 1773 - March 3, 1837) ∞ Henriette Friederike Magdalene le Veaux (December 23, 1776 - July 25, 1858)
                      1. Karl Mauritz Victor (1800–1865), Mr. von Hinte ∞ Friederike Anna Loesing (1804–1839) ∞ Friederike Charlotte Catharine von Wersebe
                        1. Caroline Henriette (1831–1916) ∞ Carl-Hillrich Eucken (1825–1893)
                        2. Viktor Georg Ernst (1827–1930) ∞ Elisabeth Grisebach (1836–1911)
                      2. Friedrich Ernst (1801–1875), major general, lord of Loppersum
                      3. Wilhelm Luis Georg (1809–1852) ∞ Amalie von Issendorff (1822–1905)
                        1. Ernst Carl August (1848–1929) President of the Court Chamber in Bückeburg ∞ Luise Emilie Adelheid von der Betten (1858–1907)
                        2. Wilko Friedrich August Victor (1845–1871)
                        3. Caroline (1846–1888) ∞ Karl von Hugo (* 1839)
                        4. August (1850–1920), President of the Chamber of Agriculture in Hanover ∞ Franziska Freiin von Ompteda.
                2. Christoph Nikolaus

literature

  • Johann Samuelansch: General encyclopedia of the sciences and arts . P. 325 ff., Digitized
  • Freese family . (PDF) In: Ostfriesische Landschaft: Biographisches Lexikon für Ostfriesland
  • Friedrich Wilhelm Boldewin Ferdinand von dem Knesebeck: Historical paperback of the nobility in the Kingdom of Hanover . P. 130 ff, Textarchiv - Internet Archive
  • New genealogical manual . P. 50, Textarchiv - Internet Archive
  • Johann Friedrich Gauhe: Of salvation. Rom. Reichs Genealogisch-Historisches Adels-Lexicon . Sp. 555, Text Archive - Internet Archive
  • Luneberg Mushard: Monument to the ancient noble families . P. 235 ff., Textarchiv - Internet Archive
  • Carl Fredric Rothlieb: Matriculation öfwer dem af Swea-rikes ridderskap och adel . S. 277 f., Textarchiv - Internet Archive Swedish Line Georg Christian von Frese
  • Genealogisches Handbuch des Adels , Adelslexikon Volume III, Volume 61 of the complete series, CA Starke Verlag, Limburg (Lahn) 1975, p. 365
  • Genealogical manual of the nobility, noble houses A Volume XI, Volume 49 of the complete series, CA Starke Verlag, Limburg (Lahn) 1971, p. 205 f.
  • Gothaisches genealogical pocket book of noble houses 1903 . Fourth year, p. 300 ff.
  • Gothaisches genealogical pocket book of noble houses 1905 . Sixth year, page 254 ff.
  • Genealogical paperback of the primitive nobility , 1st volume, 1891, p. 210 ff.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Quiter at schlossarchiv.de
  2. ^ List of the members of the meeting of the estates from 1841, digitized Allgemeine Zeitung Munich
  3. ↑ Barthold Anders Ennes, Biografiska minnen af konung Carl XII: s krigare , Volume 1, Digitalisat
  4. ↑ Fridrich Arends: Earth description of the principality of East Friesland and the Harlingerland . S. 300, Textarchiv - Internet Archive
  5. ↑ Frisian Yearbook , 1953
  6. ^ Enno Johann Heinrich Tjaden : The learned East Friesland . Volume 3, p. 28 f., Textarchiv - Internet Archive
  7. ↑ schlossarchiv.de
  8. ↑ Viktor Georg Ernst von Freese
  9. ^ Gothaisches genealogical pocket book of noble houses 1901. First volume p.443