Frydag (noble family)

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Coat of arms of those of Frydag / Freytag

The Frydag family (also: Vrydach , Freytag , Friday and various other slightly different spellings) is an aristocratic family known since the beginning of the 14th century , which comes from the ancient nobility of Westphalia and first appeared in 1198 and 1217 with Wecelo Vriedach . At the end of the 13th century, Westphalian aristocrats, including members of the Frydags, moved to Prussia and Livonia to fight with and in the Teutonic Order for the spread of Christianity. By marrying the heir to the glory of Gödens in 1574In East Friesland , the Frydags achieved great reputation and wealth. Some lines carried the baronial title from 1646 and the counts title from 1692.

The Freytag family has played an important role several times in German history, especially in the form of the Livonian landmaster, but also in the person of the person who procured the bomb of July 20, 1944, Wessel Freiherr Freytag von Loringhoven . In addition, General Hugo von Freytag-Loringhoven is quoted more frequently as a military writer on issues relating to the First World War. The same applies to the international lawyer Axel Baron von Freytagh-Loringhoven in the Weimar Republic.

Name forms

The spelling of the different branches of the baronial family diverges:

  • from Frydag
  • von Freytag called Löringhoff
  • Freytag von Loringhoven (also: von Freytag-Loringhoven)
  • Freytagh von Loringhoven (also: von Freytagh-Loringhoven)

Other additions to the name were:

The following spellings were also common: Vriedach, Fridagh, Frydag, Frejdag, Freitag.

The members of the gender originating from the Baltic states have the former predicate "Baron" as part of their name , unless they have been replaced by "Freiherr".

history

Westphalia

A Wecelo Vriedach is documented in 1198 in a document from Count Gottfried von Arnsberg and again in 1217 as a witness in a document from the Bishop of Münster. In the first half of the 13th century the family is found as ministrals of the bishops of Münster and Minden , in the second half they are with the archbishop of Cologne and in the monasteries of Essen and Herford .

In 1326 a Goswin von Datteln named Fridag sealed the three-ring coat of arms. Theodericus Frydag, meles et castelanus in Recklinghausen as a witness in 1366 in a document from the Oelinghausen monastery and Konrad Frydag , who had a house with a courtyard in 1316 , are among the other first tangible bearers of this name, which Johann von der Berswordt mentions in his Westphalian family tree from 1624 sold in Dortmund to the Dominicans to build a monastery. It is believed that the abbot Meinerus Frydag zu Deutz , who died in 1330, was his brother. Hermann Frydag was probably a son or grandson of this Konrad Frydag ; he accompanied Count Engelbert von der Mark on campaigns and, as a witness, often confirmed the documents issued by him from 1370. An Eberhard von Frydag was the 21st abbot of the Cappenberg monastery from 1385 to 1390 . Arnold and Golfried Frydag signed the union of the Brandenburg nobility on Laurentius Day in 1419. Eberhard Frydag , who acquired the Löringhoff (Loringhoven) estate near Recklinghausen in 1421 and took the nickname of it, began the uninterrupted line of the family. His descendants from the Baltic lines of the family still bear the name Freytag von Loringhoven today. This Eberhard also owned goods in the Duchy of Jülich , which he received as fiefs from the Count Palatine.

From the 14th century to 1902, Haus Buddenburg in Lünen was owned by the Frydag zu Buddenburg line (extinguished in 1908), which also owned Loxten in the 17th century . House Grevel came into the possession of the family in 1350, the line there ceased to exist in 1546. House Wischlingen came in equal parts to the Frydag and Ovelacker families in the second half of the 14th century through two heirs; the Frydag part came to the von Syberg family through the von Plettenberg family in 1511. Godert and Arnt Frydag married the heiresses Aleke and Belke von Husen and thus came into the possession of the Niederhof and the Oberhof in Husen near Syburg , today Husen Castle and Husen House (owned until 1655).

Diederich Frydag van den Husen on House Schörlingen near Waltrop acquired the house Löringhof south of Datteln in 1421 . Remained in the family's possession during the 18th century; it was demolished around 1961. Since two brothers went to the Baltic States from there around 1450, this seat gave its name to the Baltic branches (see below, German Order ). Sandfort Castle was owned by the family from 1550 to 1719 . A line sat on Hockerde, Pentling and Drenhusen (near Syburg). In 1574 the East Frisian Gödens came to the family as a marriage property, who built a baroque castle there, which was passed on to the current owner, Count Wedel, in 1746 (see below, East Frisian Line ). Georg Wilhelm Freiherr von Frydag from Gödens inherited the Daren estate from his first wife Sophia Johanna von Schade in 1742 and had a new manor house built there in 1752. Of all the Westphalian branches, only the line of the Barons von Frydag auf Daren still flourishes today. Since 1907, founded by August Freiherr von Frydag on Daren's Brickyard " Olfry " in Vechta in the family.

German medal

Johann Frydag zu Talberg was one of the knights who supported Dietrich Archbishop of Cologne in the Soest feud in 1445 . The archbishop and part of his knights, including Johann Frydag , were captured. They had to buy their freedom with 32,000 gold florins. But Dietrich did not bow to this and in the following year 1446 he and several others from the nobility sent Duke Reinold von Geldern a feud.

The brothers Andreas Frydag and Johann Frydag from Löringhoff moved to Prussia in the middle of the 15th century to support the Teutonic Order in its wars against the Poles. The latter entered the German order of knights. His courage and bravery combined with spiritual gifts earned him the position of master of the order in Livonia, which he held for 37 years. After he had appointed Wolter von Plettenberg as Land Marshal in 1489 , he was able to end the 200-year civil war in Altlivland in 1491 , so that a period of cultural prosperity could follow there until 1561. His brother Andreas bought goods there and propagated his family. The third brother Melchior (* 1466) is the common progenitor of the line in Prussia in the provinces of the Mark and Münster.

The simultaneous existence of imperial German and German-Baltic family branches for many centuries , i.e. lines that remained resident in their original homeland and the descendants of mostly younger sons who emigrated to the Order of the Land in the Middle Ages and settled there, can also be seen in other noble families, so the Vietinghoff , the Korff , the Wenge / Lambsdorff , the Grotthuss / Grothaus (s) or the Waldburg-Capustigall .

East Frisian line to Gödens

With the brothers Franz and Bertold, the family split into the East Frisian and Westphalian lines in the middle of the 16th century.

Franz Frydag (1555–1606) married Almuth von Olden-Bockum , the daughter of Almuth Boing and heiress of Gödens . In 1574 the family received the glories of Gödens and Uiterstewehr in East Frisia. He was the founder of several lines, one of which was soon raised to baronial and countess status, but expired in 1746.

Franz held the position of court judge in Aurich after he had received approval from Count Johann von Ostfriesland and the estates to set up a court (1590). When he died, he left behind a daughter Margaretha , who was married to Johann auf dem Berge zu Rephorst and had four sons, the oldest of whom, Oldenbockum, who took his mother's surname as his baptismal name (a usage that was often used in northern Germany). He lost his life in the siege of Rees (1602). Other sons were Haro (1578–1637) and Melchior Ernst (1579–1641), who shared the glories of Gödens and Uiterstewehr and thus became the originators of two further lines.

  • Melchior Ernst (1579–1641) distinguished himself in the Dutch War and married Beate Sophia von Boineburg adH Honstein . His great-granddaughter Hendrina was married to the East Frisian administrator of the principality, Nicolaus Moritz Frese zu Hinte, and thus heir to the glory of Uiterstewehr. The branch expired in 1748.
  • Haro (1578–1637) was chief of Gödens and Drost of Leer and was sent in 1624 by the Lower Saxony district estates to the imperial court in Vienna to take legal action against the incursion of the Ligist troops under General Field Marshal Count Tilly and his war contributions . He left a total of three sons and four daughters from two wives Katharina Freiin von Innhausen and Knyphausen and Elisabeth von Haaren , including:
    • Herbert died unmarried in 1642 as Drost zu Emden.
    • Johann Wilhelm married Johanna von Diepenbrock and founded a line in Westphalia.
    • Franz Hyko (born February 9, 1606) continued the main tribe as chief to Gödens. He received his father's position as Drost zu Leer and converted back to the Catholic religion in 1639 after marrying Elisabeth von Westerholt , heiress of Hackfort. He was on January 18, 1646 by Emperor Ferdinand III. raised to the imperial baron status. Franz Hyko had several children:
      • Hedwig Orianna (1648–1694) was the wife of Dodo II of Inn- and Kniphausen zu Lütetsburg and Johanna was the wife of Count Jan von Beuren .
      • Gödens Castle , built from 1671 by Haro Burchhard Freiherr von Frydag (1640–1692)
        Haro Burchhard (1640–1692) devoted himself with his brother Franz Heinrich (1643–1693) to the legal sciences at German, Dutch and French academies and, according to the custom of the time, made the cavalier tour of Europe with his brother . On his return he was appointed chamberlain by Emperor Leopold I. Because of his knowledge, he received the post of Reichshofrat in Vienna and died unmarried in Hamburg as the imperial representative in the Lower Saxony district. From 1671 he had the moated castle of Gödens built in its form that has been preserved to this day.
      • Karl Philipp (1644–1698) entered the Order of Malta. After he had made both in imperial service against the Turks in Hungary and some campaigns on the Mediterranean against the barbarians , he became Grand Prior in Hungary and died in Valletta in 1698 while preparing a new campaign against Tunis .
      • Hico Wilhelm (1645–1711) and Johann Ernst (1649–1703) chose the clergy and entered the Jesuit order . The former died as an excellent pulpit speaker in Maastricht , the latter as rector of the Jesuit college in Halle Brabant .
      • Franz Heinrich (1643–1694) married Sophia Elisabeth von Aldenburg , the daughter of Count Anton von Aldenburg and his wife, Countess Auguste zu Sayn-Wittgenstein . He followed his older brother's career. He was appointed Imperial Chamberlain and Reichshofrat and was from 1656 as envoy to the Kurbrandenburgischer Hof in Berlin. After his brother's death, he was given his position in the Lower Saxony district. He and his brothers were raised to the rank of imperial count by Emperor Leopold on January 2, 1692 . He had two sons and a daughter:
        • Franz Wilhelm (1686–1722) served in royal Polish and Electoral Saxon military service. He died as a lieutenant colonel in the Garde du Corps during a stay in Vienna in 1722.
        • Burkard Philipp (1685–1746) also followed his father and uncle's diplomatic career. After returning from universities and traveling, he joined the circle of imperial chamberlains and privy councilors and from Emperor Charles VI. recorded. As envoy to the Nordic courts in Stockholm and Copenhagen, he developed his diplomatic skills. He held the position until his death in Copenhagen, where he died in 1746 at the age of 61. He was married to Ebela Auguste Countess Bielke, the daughter of the royal Danish major general Count Christoph Bielke (1654–1704). His wife brought considerable goods such as Lopkeld, Oberaha, Nederowe into the family. His son of the same name died shortly after birth. This extinguished the line. The heirs were the descendants of his sister Maria Juliane (1684-1727), who was married to the royal Danish general Erhard Friedrich von Wedel-Jarlsberg (1668-1740). Their son Anton Franz von Wedel (1707–1788) inherited the glory of Gödens, which has been in the possession of the Counts of Wedel ever since .

coat of arms

The family coat of arms shows three (2: 1) silver rings in blue . On the helmet with its blue-silver covers there is an open flight marked on both sides like the shield .

Name bearer

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ House Grevel (the line Vrydag to Grevel ).
  2. ^ House Wischlingen.
  3. ^ House Löringhof at GenWiki .
  4. ↑ Picture of Castle Löhringhoff. ( Memento of the original from September 14, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.porto-club.de
  5. ^ House Daren on the website of the community Daren.
  6. ↑ “Olfry” birthday: A piece of industrial history . Northwest Newspaper . February 1, 2007.
  7. ↑ Anton Fahne : History of the Westphälischen sexes , p. 121, digitized family tree Diepenbrock.
  8. ↑ Otto Gruber: The coats of arms of the South Oldenburg nobility . In: Yearbook for the Oldenburger Münsterland 1971 . Vechta 1970, pp. 20f.