Friedrich Immanuel Niethammer

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Friedrich Immanuel Niethammer (oil painting owned by the Bavarian Academy of Sciences ), photo: BAdW

Friedrich Philipp Immanuel Niethammer , later Knight von Niethammer (born March 26, 1766 in Beilstein , † April 1, 1848 in Munich ) was a German philosopher and Protestant theologian .

Life

Born in Württemberg into a pastor's family, Niethammer entered the monastery school in Denkendorf in 1780 , moved to the higher monastery school in Maulbronn in 1782 and received a scholarship in 1784 at the Tübingen monastery , where he met Friedrich Hölderlin , Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel and Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling .

In 1790 he came to Jena , where he studied Kant's philosophy with Carl Leonhard Reinhold and made friends with Franz Paul von Herbert from Klagenfurt, with whom he remained friends until his death and in whose lead factory he worked in 1793/94. Both were friends with Reinhold's student Johann Benjamin Erhard , who published the book On the Right of the People to Revolution in 1795 .

From 1794 he read philosophy at the University of Jena ; From 1797 he published the Philosophical Journal together with Johann Gottlieb Fichte and was thereby embroiled in the atheism controversy that his and Herbert's friend Friedrich Karl Forberg had triggered in 1798 .

In 1795 he dedicated the text About Religion as Science to Herbert to determine the content of religions and the way in which their documents were treated . The writing was an attempt to " turn the hinges" of Gottlob Christian Storr's theology .

In 1797 he submitted his theological dissertation, which he successfully defended in October 1797. In 1798 the dissertation was translated into German. With the dissertation Niethammer moved from the philosophical to the theological faculty. In March 1798 he was appointed associate professor of theology. "Admission to the theological faculty is not to be understood as a simple change of faculty, but as an advancement according to the customs of the time." From 1798 to 1804 he now worked as an associate professor of theology in Jena.

In the summer of 1804 he accepted an appointment to Würzburg , where he also assumed the office of senior pastor of the Protestant community on the first Advent in 1804, and in 1806, after the former prince-bishopric had passed to the Grand Duke Ferdinand of Tuscany, he became a Protestant high school commissioner of Franconia . Niethammer was initially transferred to Bamberg and from 1807, when he was appointed to Munich, he carried out the curriculum reform in the new humanist sense as the Bavarian Central School Councilor for the Protestant Commission.

That of Cicero's humanitas derived term humanism was first by Niethammer for criticism by the Enlightenment influenced pedagogy used. This criticism was reflected in the book The Controversy of Philanthropinism and Humanism in the Theory of Educational Teaching of Our Time , Jena 1808. The term humanistic grammar school arose from Niethammer's language usage . In 1808 he became an extraordinary member of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences , and in 1822 a full member of the research institute.

Until 1826 he was a high school and senior church councilor before he only held the church office. In 1833 he was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Order of the Württemberg Crown by King Wilhelm I of Württemberg , and in 1838 by Ludwig I of Bavaria the Knight's Cross of the Order of Merit of the Bavarian Crown . Elevation to the personal nobility was associated with both orders.

In 1836 he bought Hohenbeilstein Castle in his native Beilstein for 600 guilders .

His son was the lawyer and politician Julius von Niethammer .

tomb

Grave of Friedrich Immanuel Niethammer on the old southern cemetery in Munich location

The tomb of Friedrich Immanuel Niethammer is on the old southern cemetery in Munich (burial ground 12 - Series 2 - Place 31/32) Location .

Publications (selection)

literature

  • Wilhelm Baum : The Klagenfurt Herbert Circle between Enlightenment and Romanticism . In: Revue Internationale de Philosophie , Vol. 197 (1996), pp. 483-514.
  • Herwig Blankertz : The History of Education. From the Enlightenment to the present . Verlag Büchse der Pandora, Wetzlar 1982, ISBN 3-88178-055-6 .
  • Gerhard Lindner: Friedrich Immanuel Niethammer as a Christian and theologian. His development from German idealism to denominational Lutheranism . Dissertation, University of Erlangen 1971.
  • Michael Schwarzmaier: Friedrich Immanuel Niethammer, a Bavarian school reformer . Part 1: Niethammer's life a. Active until 1807. Scientia-Verlag, Aalen 1974, DNB  560169809 (reprint of the edition CH Beck, Munich 1937).
  • Gunther Wenz : Hegel's friend and Schiller's assistant: Friedrich Immanuel Niethammer (1766–1848). (Research on systematic and ecumenical theology 120). Göttingen 2008. ISBN 978-3-525-56348-9
  • Gunther Wenz (Ed.): Friedrich Immanuel Niethammer (1766-1848). Contributions to biography and work history. Treatises of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences. Philosophical-historical class. New series, issue 133.Beck, Munich 2009, ISBN 978-3-7696-0951-6
  • Immanuel Niethammer . In: Otto Rohn and Dietmar Rupp (eds.): Beilstein in past and present . City of Beilstein, Beilstein 1983. pp. 460-461
  • Carl von Prantl :  Niethammer, Friedrich Immanuel . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 23, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1886, pp. 689-691.
  • Wilhelm G. Jacobs :  Niethammer, Friedrich Immanuel. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 19, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1999, ISBN 3-428-00200-8 , p. 247 ( digitized version ).
  • Erika Bosl: Niethammer, Friedrich Philipp Immanuel, school reformer. In: Karl Bosl (ed.): Bosls Bavarian biography. Pustet, Regensburg 1983, ISBN 3-7917-0792-2 , pp. 551 f. ( Digitized version ).

Web links

Commons : Friedrich Immanuel Niethammer  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Friedrich Immanuel Niethammer  - Sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ^ WG Jacobs: Revelation and Reason. About Friedrich Immanuel Niethammer's criticism of religion, in: Philosophisches Jahrbuch 88 (1981) 50–69, here 64.
  2. ^ WG Jacobs: Revelation and Reason. About Friedrich Immanuel Niethammer's criticism of religion, in: Philosophisches Jahrbuch 88 (1981) 50–69, here 52.
  3. ^ WG Jacobs: Revelation and Reason. About Friedrich Immanuel Niethammer's criticism of religion, in: Philosophisches Jahrbuch 88 (1981) 50–69, here 52.
  4. ^ WG Jacobs: Revelation and Reason. About Friedrich Immanuel Niethammer's criticism of religion, in: Philosophisches Jahrbuch 88 (1981) 50–69, here 51.
  5. ↑ Martin Elze: The Evangelical Lutheran Church. In: Ulrich Wagner (Hrsg.): History of the city of Würzburg. 4 volumes, Volume I-III / 2, Theiss, Stuttgart 2001-2007; III / 1–2: From the transition to Bavaria to the 21st century. 2007, ISBN 978-3-8062-1478-9 , pp. 482–494 and 1305 f., Here: pp. 483–487 and p. 1305, note 12.
  6. ^ Harm Klueting : The denominational age. Europe between the Middle Ages and the Modern Age. Primus, Berlin 2007, ISBN 978-3-89678-337-0 , p. 99.
  7. ↑ Hermann Ehmer: From Amthof to the factory owner's villa and the house of the children's church , in: Geschichtsblätter aus dem Bottwartal , No. 9. 2004, pp. 16–24, here pp. 19/20.
personal data
SURNAME Niethammer, Friedrich Immanuel
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Niethammer, Friedrich Philipp Immanuel (full name); Niethammer, Friedrich Philipp Immanuel von
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German philosopher and theologian
DATE OF BIRTH March 26, 1766
PLACE OF BIRTH Beilstein
DATE OF DEATH April 1, 1848
Place of death Munich