Friedrich von Buxhoeveden

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Friedrich von Buxhoeveden, Russian general
Coat of arms of the Counts of Buxhoeveden

Friedrich Wilhelm Graf von Buxhoeveden (also Friedrich von Buxhöwden or Fedor Fedorovich von Buxhöwden ; * 2nd September July / 13th September  1750 greg. In Magnusdal, Muhu island near Saaremaa ; † 23 August July / 4th September  1811 greg. at Lohde Castle in Koluvere near Kullamaa ) was a German-Baltic general and general , governor of Poland and military governor of Saint Petersburg .

family

Buxhoeveden comes from a Lower Saxon noble family from Bexhövede (today the district of Cuxhaven ), which was first mentioned there in 1185 and established a foothold in Livonia in the 13th century (see: Buxhoeveden ).

Friedrich Wilhelm was one of 13 children of Otto Friedrich von Buxhoeveden (1703–1754) and Helene Charlotte von Weymarn (1722–1776).

On January 29, 1777, he married Natalia Alexandrowna Alexejewa (* 1761 in Saint Petersburg; † July 1808), an illegitimate daughter of the Russian Count Grigory Grigoryevich Orlov (1734–1783) in Saint Petersburg . The widespread assumption that it comes from the liaison of the Count with the Tsarina Catherine the Great (1729–1796) is based only on the assumption that Orlov remained loyal to the Tsarina. Indeed, the mother Elena may have been Princess Kurakina , née Countess Apraksina. Natalia and her sister Elisabeth Alexandrovna Alexejewa were raised by the adoptive parents in the family of St. Petersburg Colonel Alexandr Aleksejew. The son of Catherine II and Count Orlov is known by name as Count Bobrinsky .

progeny

  • Grigori Graf Buxhoeveden (* November 25, 1777, † August 19, 1778)
  • Sophie (Sofia Fedorowna) Countess von Buxhoeveden (1778–1829), married to Arkady Ivanovich Nelidow (1773–1834), Governor- Noble Marshal of Saint Petersburg, Senator
  • Maria Countess von Buxhoeveden (1780–1837), maid of honor, married to Friedrich von Maydell (1780–1840), chamberlain and late magistrate
  • Natalie Countess von Buxhoeveden (1782–1857), married to Bernhard von Ungern-Sternberg (1777–1820), Colonel
  • Alexander Graf von Buxhoeveden, Herr auf Lohde (* May 18, 1783 in Saint Petersburg, † March 13, 1837 in Reval ), Chamberlain at the Russian Court, Real Council of State, 1795 holder of the Pour le Mérite , married to Julie von Dellingshausen (* 2 May 1793, † November 10, 1849 in Dresden), ten children
  • Peter von Buxhoeveden (November 28, 1784–1788)
  • Paul von Buxhoeveden (April 2, 1789–1790)
  • Peter (Petr Fedorowitsch) Graf Buxhoeveden (born November 28, 1792 in Sacklow, † January 20, 1863 in Saint Petersburg), Russian lieutenant general and senator, married in first marriage to Anna Ivannovna Baroness Cherkassov († 1821) and in second marriage with Agrippina Princess Cherkassky (1801–1861)
Lohde Castle

After the death of her father Count Orlow in 1783, Nathalia Aleksandrowna Aleksejewa received the former bishop's castle Lohde as a gift from Tsarina Catherine the Great . The Tsarina had already given the castle to her lover Orlov in 1771 and bought it back from their son Alexei Grigoryevich Bobrinsky after his death . Lohde remained in the possession of the Counts of Buxhoeveden until the land reform during the War of Independence in 1919. The castle was rebuilt in 1441 by Bishop Reinhold von Buxhoeveden in its present form, and his coat of arms is still on the facade today.

Life

Buxhoeveden was best known for his participation in the Battle of Austerlitz , in which he commanded the three Russian columns of around 40,000 men, but he also took part in some other battles of the Napoleonic Wars .

As an imperial Russian major general he was on December 18, 1795 in Berlin by the Prussian King Friedrich Wilhelm II. To the Prussian count and on 5/16. Czar Paul I raised him to the rank of count in Russia on April 11, 1797 in Saint Petersburg .

After the annexation of Swedish Finland by the Russian troops in 1808, Buxhöwden became governor general there .

swell

  1. ^ A b Max Rieger: Friedrich Maximilian Klinger. His life and works , 3 vols. - Darmstadt, 1880–1896, vol. 2, p. 144; Adalbert Elschenbroich :  Klinger, Friedrich Maximilian. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 12, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1980, ISBN 3-428-00193-1 , pp. 83-89 ( digitized version ).
  2. ↑ The Knights of the Order Pour le Mérite 1740-1807, Virtual Register of the Winners of the Prussian Bravery Award: Buxhoeveden, Alexander Fedorowitsch v. (1795), entry on: Institute for German Aristocracy Research The Knights of the Order Pour le Mérite 1740-1807 ( Memento from December 20, 2012 in the web archive archive.today )
  3. ^ Genealogisches Handbuch des Adels , Adelslexikon Volume II, page 205, Volume 58 of the complete series, CA Starke Verlag, Limburg (Lahn) 1974. Here he is called Friedrich von Buxhöwden .

literature

Web links

Commons : Friedrich Wilhelm von Buxhoevden  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
personal data
SURNAME Buxhoeveden, Friedrich von
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Buxhoeveden, Friedrich Graf von; Buxhöwden, Friedrich; Buxhöwden, Fedor Fedorovich from
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German-Baltic general
DATE OF BIRTH September 13, 1750
PLACE OF BIRTH Magnusdal, Poppy , Estonia Governorate , Russian Empire
DATE OF DEATH September 4, 1811
Place of death Lohde Castle, Lohde (today Koluvere , rural community Lääne-Nigula ), Estonia Governorate , Russian Empire