Koluvere
| Koluvere Episcopal Castle | ||
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 The former bishop's castle of Koluvere |
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| Alternative name (s): | Lode Castle | |
| Creation time : | 1234 | |
| Castle type : | Niederungsburg | |
| Conservation status: | Received or received substantial parts | |
| Place: | Koluvere | |
| Geographical location | 58 ° 54 '9 " N , 24 ° 6' 23" E | |
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Koluvere (German Lode or Lohde ) is a village in the rural municipality of Lääne-Nigula (until 2017: rural municipality Kullamaa ) in the western Estonian district of Lääne . The village has 340 inhabitants (as of December 31, 2011).
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The Koluvere settlement was built around the old bishop's castle in the 15th century. Since 1977 it has had the status of a village ( küla ) under local law . Koluvere is on the Risti-Virtsu road on the middle reaches of the Liivi River .
Lohde Bishop's Castle
Between 1234 and 1238, the family of bailiff Johannes de Lode had a castle built in the parish of Kullamaa , which was later completely destroyed . He refused to obey the new bishop of Ösel-Wiek . With the help of the Livonian Order , the bishop was able to assert himself by force. The episcopal castle of Koluvere was probably built as a fort in the second half of the 13th century . During the reign of Bishop Winrich von Kniprode from 1383 to 1419, the first buildings that have been preserved to this day were erected.
The bishop's castle was probably initially a square tower castle , which was expanded into a fortress at the end of the 14th and beginning of the 15th century with the addition of a convent house . The refectory and chapel were located in the northeast wing . During the uprising on St. George's Night in the middle of the 14th century, Estonian rebels also besieged the bishop's castle of Lohde. From 1439 it became one of the five residences of the Bishop of Ösel-Wiek and the seat of the monastery bailiff. In 1541 a round cannon tower was completed in the course of renovations on the river side, which gives the fortress its present-day appearance; this year is on the coat of arms of Bishop Reinhold von Buxhoeveden on the facade.
During the Livonian War (1558–1583) the fortress changed hands frequently: in 1560 the last bishop of Ösel-Wiek sold it to the Danes, then it fell alternately to Swedes (1564–1575), Danes (1575/76) and Russians ( 1576–1581) in his hands. On January 23, 1573 there was a battle between Swedes and Russians near Koluvere , from which the Swedes emerged victorious despite the Russian majority. From 1581 until the Russian conquest of Estonia and Livonia in 1710, the fortress was again in Swedish ownership. In the 17th century, however, it lost its military importance. Lohde was largely redesigned into a castle-like complex.
In 1662 the Swedish Queen Christina gave the castle and the surrounding land to the Swedish Lieutenant General Friedrich von Löwen (1600–1669). In 1771 the Russian Tsarina Catherine II (1729–1796) bought Lohde and gave it to her lover, Count Grigory Orlow (1734–1783). In 1787/88 Princess Auguste Karoline von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel (1764–1788) spent her captivity in the castle. Today she is buried in Kullamaa Church.
Tsarina Katharina bought the property back from an heir Count Orlow and gave it to Orlow's daughter Nathalia Aleksandrowna Aleksejewa (1761-1808), who married the Baltic German Count Friedrich von Buxhoeveden (1750-1811). Lohde remained in the ownership of the von Buxhoeveden family until the land reform during the War of Independence in 1919. During this time, a spacious park with fish ponds, bridges and obelisks was created around the castle.
Some of the main buildings burned down in 1840 and 1905, but were then rebuilt in a neo-Gothic style. From 1924 a children's home was housed in the castle, from 1963 a home for the mentally handicapped. The castle stood empty from 2001 and has been privately owned since 2006.
Personalities
- Friedrich von Löwen (1654–1744), Russian major general, governor of Estonia
Web links
- Detailed description of the village and the castle (Estonian)
- Koluvere Fortress and Castle (Estonian)