GWR class 4073
| GWR class 4073 GWR Castle class |
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|---|---|
 The 5043 Earl of Mount Edgcumbe is one of the two surviving Castle-class locomotives that have a double chimney.
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| Numbering: | 4073-4099 5000-5099 7000-7037 |
| Number: | 171 |
| Manufacturer: | Swindon Works |
| Year of construction (s): | 1923-1950 |
| Retirement: | 1950-1965 |
| Type : | 2'C h4 |
| Gauge : | 1435 mm ( standard gauge ) |
| Length over buffers: | 19,860 mm |
| Height: | 4,077 mm |
| Width: | 2,718 mm |
| Smallest bef. Radius: | 160 m (140 m when driving slowly) |
| Service mass: | 81.1 t |
| Service mass with tender: | 129.2 t |
| Friction mass: | 59.8 t |
| Wheel set mass : | 20 t |
| Top speed: | approx. 150 km / h |
| Starting tractive effort: | 140 kN |
| Driving wheel diameter: | 2,045 mm |
| Impeller diameter: | 965 mm |
| Control type : | Inner cylinder: Heusinger control Outer cylinder: all cylinders with piston slides derived from the inner cylinders via rocker arms |
| Number of cylinders: | 4th |
| Cylinder diameter: | 406 mm |
| Piston stroke: | 660 mm |
| Boiler overpressure: | 15.5 bar |
| Grate area: | 2,728 m² |
| Radiant heating surface: | Collett: 15.12 m². Hawksworth: 15.19 m² |
| Tubular heating surface: | 167.18 m² |
| Superheater area : | Collett: 24.40 m² Hawksworth: 27.41 m² |
| Evaporation heating surface: | 172.59 m² |
| Service weight of the tender: | 48.1 t |
| Water supply: | 16-18 m³ |
| Fuel supply: | 6.1 tons of coal |
The Class 4073 or Castle class were steam locomotives of the Great Western Railway (GWR), which from 1923 to 1950 in Swindon Works were built. Designed by Charles Collett , the successor to the Star class was the most powerful express locomotive in Great Britain of its time. Most of the 171 built locomotives were taken out of service by 1965, eight have been preserved, some in working order. The Castle-class locomotives hauled the Cheltenham Flyer , which held the record for the fastest-moving express train.
prehistory
The very successful design of the Castle class goes back to the Star class from 1907. With this class, the design foundations that were common to the successful GWR express locomotives were laid: a four-cylinder power unit with a long-stroke round slide that acts on a chassis with three coupling axles and a leading bogie , and Belpaire standing tanks . The Star-Class was developed for the transport of the high-quality express trains of the GWR, until 1914 61 locomotives were in service. After the First World War , a more powerful locomotive was necessary. To meet this need, Chief Mechanical Engineer GJ Churchward had an enlarged Star class in mind. It was supposed to use the larger standard boiler No. 7, as it was used in the class 4700 1'D locomotives built for the transport of express freight trains . However, this combination would have raised the axle load above the 20-tonne limit set by the usual track construction, so that the idea was rejected again.
draft
In 1922, CB Collett succeeded Churchward as chief engineer at the GWR and immediately set about designing a new series of locomotives which would complement the Star class and which could also be used on the most difficult routes. Collett's solution was to take the basic concept of the Star class but lengthen the frame and use a newly developed standard shell that was both larger and lighter than the old one. The greater amount of steam available made it possible to increase the dimensions of the cylinders from 381 mm × 660 mm to 406 mm × 660 mm. The extended frame made it possible to extend the driver's cab as well and to provide it with a side window. The fire box could also be extended, thereby increasing the grate surface.
The result was a well-proportioned locomotive with an increased pulling force from 124 to 140 kN compared to the Star class, but which nevertheless maintained the 20-tonne axle load. The four-cylinder superheated steam locomotives have a two-axle drive similar to that used by Alfred de Glehn in his compound steam locomotives : The two inner cylinders drive the first axle, the two outer cylinders the second.
construction
New buildings
In contrast to the Star class, no prototype was built. Collett was so convinced of the design that in 1923 he placed the order directly with the Swindon Works to build a series of ten locomotives, which was listed as lot 224. Four months passed between the first locomotive, which was delivered in August 1923, and the second, which was delivered in December, which was needed to correct teething problems. Thereafter, the remaining eight locomotives were delivered at regular intervals until April 1924.
The locomotives were given the numbers 4073 to 4082 as a direct continuation of the series of numbers assigned to the Star class. The names of the locomotives were chosen after castles in the west of the area served by the GWR, starting with Caerphilly Castle . In the 27 years from August 1923 to August 1950, 155 Castle-class locomotives were built and a further 16 from other classes were converted.
The Castle class were built with minimal dimensional changes. From No. 5013 the shape of the front cladding was changed over the inner cylinder, from 5043 the locomotives were equipped with a shorter chimney. The locomotives built before 1926 were delivered with a tender that held 16 m³ of water, after which the amount of water was increased to 18 m³.
| Orderer | Construction lot | No. | delivery |
|---|---|---|---|
| GWR | 224 | 4073-4082 | August 1923 - April 1924 |
| GWR | 232 | 4083-4092 | May 1925 - August 1925 |
| GWR | 234 | 4093-4099
5000-5012 |
May 1926 - July 1927 |
| GWR | 280 | 5013-5022 | June 1932 - August 1932 |
| GWR | 295 | 5023-5032 | June 1932 - August 1932 |
| GWR | 296 | 5033-5042 | May 1933 - July 1933 |
| GWR | 303 | 5043-5067 | March 1936 - July 1937 |
| GWR | 310 | 5068-5082 | June 1938 - June 1939 |
| GWR | 324 | 5093-5097 | June 1939 - July 1939 |
| GWR | 357 | 5098-5099
7000-7007 |
May 1946 - July 1946 |
| BR | 367 | 7008-7027 | May 1948 - August 1949 |
| BR | 375 | 7028-7037 | May 1950 - August 1950 |
Source:
Conversions
In addition to the new locomotives, 16 locomotives from the Star class and the only Pacific locomotive from the GWR were converted into Castle class locomotives.
The conversion of the Pacific locomotive lasted from January to September 1924, when the 111 The Great Bear became the Castle-class locomotive 111 Viscount Churchill . Although only the front end of the original frame, license plates, and probably few other parts were used for the new locomotive, the project was considered a rebuild, not a new build. The newly created locomotive was in service until July 1953.
Conversions from Star Class locomotives
In April 1925, the 4009 Shooting Star became the 100 A1 Lloyds . The Star-class frame was lengthened and the standard boiler no. 8 used in the Castle class and the modified driver's cab of the Castle class were built. The locomotive was in service until 1950.
Another locomotive followed in October 1925, the 4016 The Somerset Light Infantry (Prince Alberts) , which was converted in the same way as the 4009, but retained the number and name. Another two locomotives followed in 1926, the 4032 Queen Alexandra and the 4037 The South Wales Borderers . Both locomotives were in service under the same name and number until 1951 and 1962, respectively.
Between 1937 and 1940, 12 more locomotives from the Abbey series with the numbers 4061-4072 followed. They were given the new numbers 5083-5092, but kept the old names until they were scrapped between 1937 and 1964.
Names
All locomotives were named after castles in Great Britain, with the exception of locomotives 5043–5063, which were initially named after castles, but then in 1937 were given the names of British nobles. The 5069 and 5070 bore the names of important railway engineers: the 5069 was called " Isambard Kingdom Brunel " and the 5070 "Sir Daniel Gooch ". In 1940 and 1941, the locomotives 5071-5082 were renamed and were given names of war aircraft of the Royal Air Force .
In February 1952 because of the death of King George VI. The names and numbers of the two locomotives 4082 Windsor Castle and 7013 Bristol Castle have been swapped. The 7013 under the name and number of 4082 had the honor of pulling the king's funeral procession. The designations of the two locomotives were never changed back, so that the former 4082 was decommissioned in 1964 as 7013 and the former 7013 in 1965 as 4082.
Public relations and test drives
When the Castle class was introduced, the locomotives were described as the most powerful express train locomotives in Great Britain, as they produced around 10% more power than the Star class locomotives. The first Castle class locomotive was the 4073 Caerphilly Castle , which was unveiled at Paddington Station in London on August 23, 1923 .
Locomotive 4082 Windsor Castle led the court train of King George V and Queen Mary in 1925 when they visited the locomotive factory in Swindon . The return trip from the factory to the station caused a lot of sensation, during which the king was allowed to operate the locomotive himself, and the queen and several high-ranking GWR officials were also in the driver's cab.
Try at the LNER
In 1924 the 4073 Caerphilly Castle was exhibited at the British Empire Exhibition in Wembley together with the LNER A3 4472 Flying Scotsman developed by Sir Nigel Gresley . The GWR claimed that their locomotive was more powerful than the larger LNER A3 , which should at least make it right with regard to tractive power.
The GWR General Director Sir Felix Pole wanted to verify the statement through tests and suggested to the General Director of the LNER Southern Area, Alexander Wilson, to exchange locomotives of the two series among the railways for tests.
The tests began in April 1925 with the 4079 Pendennis Castle of the GWR on the East Coast Main Line and the 4474 Victor Wild , which the LNER used on the Great Western Main Line . On the first morning, Pendennis Castle was to drive a 480-ton train from King's Cross to Doncaster . LNER officials expected the smaller and lighter locomotive to have problems climbing the Holloway Bank. However, railway writer Cecil J. Allen reports that the GWR locomotive made a faster take-off from King's Cross to Finsbury Park than any LNER Pacfic locomotive he had previously recorded. Beyond this part of the test, the Pendennis Castle kept the given travel times well and consumed less coal than the LNER locomotive, which considerably dampened the pride of this railway.
At LNER, the Victor Wild was harnessed to the Cornish Riviera Express and compared with the 4074 Caldicot Castle . Although she was able to meet the travel times, the longer wheelbase of the Pacific locomotive proved unsuitable for the many curves of the route. Once again the GWR had the honor of having the better locomotive with the Caldicot Castle . It used less coal and always arrived early, which was particularly noticeable in the last two days of the attempt when the locomotive arrived at its destination 15 minutes early in both directions.
Interest of the LMS
In 1926 the 5000 Launceston Castle was loaned to the London, Midland and Scottish Railway (LMS), which carried out tests on the West Coast Main Line from London to Carlisle . The locomotive met the requirements of the LMS so well that they asked the GWR to offer either the construction of a series of Castle-class locomotives for use on the West Coast Main Line or the provision of a full set of design documents. Both requests were rejected by the GWR board.
With the appointment of William Stanier as the new chief engineer for train production at LMS, the railway still got access to the design of the locomotive, because Stanier was previously plant manager of the GWR locomotive factory in Swindon.
power
The Castle class coped with all tasks except for the very heavy trains, which were reserved for the King class . The Castle class excelled, particularly on the Cheltenham Flyer in the 1930s. The express train pulled by 5006 Tregenna Castle covered the 124 km from Swindon to Paddington on June 6, 1932 at a cruising speed of 131.4 km / h. This world record for steam traction was widely considered an amazing achievement.
The locomotives were considered to be economical in consumption, around one kilogram of coal was needed to evaporate ten liters of water.
Subsequent change
Streamlining
Streamlined locomotives were widespread in the mid-1930s . George Jackson Churchward , the predecessor of Chief Engineer Collett, did not believe in this idea, as it would result in few advantages in operation, but additional costs in the construction and maintenance of the locomotives. As a result, it is claimed that he merely added a few sheet metal to patch an existing locomotive. This, in turn, meant that the locomotive did not look particularly aesthetic. The changes included a driver's cab with a V-shaped front wall, a hemispherical smoke chamber cladding and an aerodynamically optimized boiler cladding. The 5005 Manorbier Castle operated streamlined from 1935 to 1940 .
Oil firing
The coal shortage towards the end of World War II became a major problem. The Great Western began a program to convert their locomotives to oil firing . The Anglo-Iranian Oil Company , BP's predecessor , supported the Swindon Works with the conversion. After the conversion of some freight locomotives, the five Castle Class locomotives 100A1 Lloyds , 5039 Rhuddlan Castle , 5079 Lysander , 5083 Bath Abbey and 5091 Cleeve Abbey followed . The rebuilt locomotives included two new locomotives, the 5039 and 5079, the rest were conversions from the Star class.
Although the conversions worked, the planned program to convert a total of 1200 locomotives in the UK was not tackled because the government realized that it did not have enough foreign currency to pay for the oil. An additional cost of £ 300,000 per year was expected. For this reason, all locomotives were converted back to coal in the late 1940s.
Superheater
Frederick Hawksworth, the successor to Collett, enlarged the superheater in the Castle Class boiler in 1946 , which resulted in less water consumption. From 1956, the installation of double chimneys in some locomotives improved the draft in the boiler, which in combination with the larger superheater made it possible to run at high speeds for longer periods. The 7018 Drysllwyn Castle achieved a top speed of 164 km / h in Little Somerford in April 1958 with The Bristolian, which operated from Bristol to London . The train traveled 189 km without stopping and covered this distance in 93 minutes and 50 seconds, resulting in a cruising speed of more than 120 km / h.
Further development
The King class was a further development of the Star class. It had an even larger boiler and smaller wheels with a diameter of 1980 mm, which on the one hand resulted in a higher pulling force and on the other hand set the chassis a little lower so that enough space could be created in the vehicle boundary profile for the larger boiler.
Accidents
- On November 30, 1948, a passenger train pulled by the 5022 Wigmore Castle collided with the 4150 tank locomotive of the 5101 class . The passenger train passing a stop signal while the tank locomotive bypasses its train in Lapworth in Warwickshire . Eight travelers were injured.
- On November 12, 1958, a freight train ran over a signal and derailed at Highworth Junction in Swindon. A newspaper train hauled by locomotive 5009 Shrewsbury Castle collided with the derailed car.
Scrapping
The Castle class locomotives were assigned to the Old Oak Common depot in west London and Gloucester , where they were used in front of express trains on the Great Western Main Line and on the Bristol – Birmingham route. Most of the locomotives were decommissioned between 1962 and 1964.
The decommissioning of the Castle-Klass locomotives began in March 1950 with the 100 A1 Lloyds - a locomotive converted from the Star class that was a one-off. It was not until nine years later in January 1959 that the first locomotive built ex works as Castle-Klass followed with the 4091 Dudley Castle.
The lowest mileage when it was scrapped was the 7035 Ogmore Castle with almost one million kilometers, which it had made between August 1950 and June 1964, the highest was the 4080 Powderham Castle , which had a mileage of 3.2 million km in over 40 years.
The last three decommissioned Castle-class locomotives were ultimately assigned to the Gloucester depot. These were the 5042 Winchester Castle and 7022 Hereford Castle , which were retired in June 1965, and the 7029 Clun Castle , which was retired in December 1965. This locomotive was also harnessed to the last steam train to leave Paddington Station on November 27, 1965.
| year | Number of locomotives in operation at the beginning of the year |
Number of decommissioned locomotives per year |
Total number of decommissioned locomotives |
Locomotive numbers |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1950 | 171 | 1 | 1 | 100 A1 (single item from the Star-Class conversion) |
| 1951 | 170 | 2 | 3 | 4016, 4032 |
| 1953 | 168 | 1 | 4th | 111 (single item from Pacific locomotive conversion) |
| 1957 | 167 | 1 | 5 | 4000 |
| 1958 | 166 | 1 | 6th | 5086 |
| 1959 | 165 | 3 | 9 | 4091, 5010, 5083. |
| 1960 | 162 | 7th | 16 | 4073, 4084, 4097, 5005, 5009, 5028, 5079 |
| 1961 | 155 | 4th | 20th | 4037,4075,4083,4092 |
| 1962 | 151 | 54 | 74 | 4077,4078,4085,4086,4094,4095,4099, 5003,5004,5006,5007,5008,5011,5012, |
| 1963 | 97 | 49 | 123 | 4074,4076,4081,4087,4090,4096,4098, 5001,5015,5022,5023,5025,5029,5031, 7000,7001,7006,7007,7009, |
| 1964 | 48 | 36 | 159 | 4079,4080,4082,4088,4089,4093,
5000,5002,5018,5026,5037,5039, 7002,7003,7004,7005,7008,7010,7012,7019, |
| 1965 | 12 | 12 | 171 | 5014,5042,5063, 7011,7013,7014,7022,7023,7024,7029,7034,7035. |
Preserved locomotives
Eight Castle-class locomotives have been preserved. Three were bought directly by the BR, the 4073 Caerphilly Castle , the 4079 Pendennis Castle and the 7029 Clun Castle , the rest was taken over from a scrapyard in the port of Barry .
In 2018 only the 7029 Clun Castle is operational, but does not yet have valid papers for mainline traffic, while the 5043 Earl of Mount Edgcumbe is waiting for a minor overhaul. Both locomotives and the 5080 Defiant are owned by Vintage Trains Limited , the first British railway company to be organized as a public limited company .
Most of the locomotives with the exception of 4073 Caerphilly Castle and 7027 Thornbury Castle have remained in working order at least temporarily after their retirement from the BR, so that they could haul special trains on the main lines of Great Britain:
The 7029 Clun Castle and 4079 Pendennis Castle pulled extra trains from Banbury and Oxford to Chester at the end of the direct trains from Paddington to Birkenhead .
The 4079 Pendennis Castle ran some museum trains on main lines in Great Britain after its retirement before it was brought to Australia in 1973 . It was a popular steam locomotive in both countries and ran in Australia in 1988 as part of the 200th anniversary of Australia together with LNER's 4472 Flying Scotsman . The 4079 returned to Great Britain in 1999 and is in the Didcot Railway Center for refurbishment in 2018 .
The two locomotives 4073 Caerphilly Castle and 7027 Thornbury Castle have not been operational since they were retired. 4073 Caerphilly Castle was donated directly to the UK National Collection and is on display in the Museum of the Great Western Railway in Swindon.
7027 Thornbury Castle has long been in the same condition as it was when it was scrapped, but is now being restored. In July 2016 it was sold by Pete Waterman to the transport company JJP Holdings SW Limited in Somerset and transported by low loader to Weston-super-Mare , where it was parked on a temporary platform in the bus depot of Crosville Motor Services. In the summer of 2018 it was transported by road to the Tyseley Locomotive Works near Birmingham , where it is to be refurbished for service on main lines again over the next six years.
| image | Locomotive number | Names | Built on | Old names | Retired | Type of fireplace | Type of tender | owner | Last drive | Location 2018 | State 2018 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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4073 | Caerphilly Castle | August 1923 | May 1960 | easy | Churchward | National Railway Museum in York | May 1960 | Museum of the Great Western Railway in Swindon | non-operational exhibit | |
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4079 | Pendennis Castle | February 1924 | May 1964 | easy | Collett | Great Western Society | October 1994
in Australia |
Didcot
Railway museum and workshop for historical vehicles |
Refurbishment for operation on main lines
Fundraising for the train control system and for electronic trip registration is ongoing |
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5029 | Nunney Castle | May 1934 | December 1963 | easy | Collett | Jeremy Hosking
Businessman and multimillionaire |
2015 | Diesel depot in Crewe | Refurbishment for operation on main lines | |
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5043 | Earl of Mount Edgcumbe | March 1936 | Barbury Castle until September 1937 | December 1963 | double | Hawksworth | Vintage trains | June 2018 | Tyseley Locomotive Works in Birmingham | turned off, waiting for a small revision |
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5051 | Earl Bathurst | May 1936 | Drysllwyn Castle until August 1937 | May 1963 | easy | Collett | Great Western Society | March 2007 | Didcot Railway Center | non-operational exhibit |
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5080 | Defiant | May 1939 | Ogmore Castle until January 1941 | April 1963 | easy | Collett | Vintage trains | 1997 | Tyseley Locomotive Works in Birmingham | turned off, fundraising for processing is ongoing. |
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7027 | Thornbury Castle | August 1949 | December 1963 | easy | Hawksworth | Jonathan Jones Pratt
Owner of the former bus company Crosville Motor Services |
1963 | West Somerset Railway | Refurbishment for operation on main lines
ended in 2024 at the earliest |
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7029 | Clun Castle | May 1950 | December 1965 | double | Collett | Vintage trains | 2001 | Tyseley Locomotive Works in Birmingham | operational again since October 2017, approval for main lines is still missing |
Source:
Models
Nominal size 00
Models in nominal size 00 can run on H0 tracks, but look too big compared to the H0 models because they are made in 1:76 and not in 1:87. Hornby Railways manufactures a size 00 Castle-class model.
Models in nominal size 00 appeared earlier:
- The locomotive 7013 Bristol Castle appeared in 1957 for the Hornby Dublo system - a three-rail, two-conductor railway operated with direct current - which was published by Meccano in 1938 . Later, the successor to the Dublo production, the manufacturer Wrenn , the 4075 Cardiff Castle appeared for the system, which had meanwhile been converted to two-rail, two-wire . This model was produced from 1967 to 1971 and from 1976 to 1989.
- From Airfix GMR the 4079 appeared in 1979 Pendennis Castle and the 4073 Caerphilly Castle.
- The 4073 Neath Abbey was available from Dapol , a Welsh manufacturer .
Nominal size TT
In the 1960s, Tri-ang Railways manufactured the TT 4082 locomotive at Windsor Castle .
Nominal size N
From Graham Farish there in the N scale Castle-Klass locomotives with different numbers.
literature
- OS Nock: British Locomotive Working in Wartime - The GWR “Castle Class” . In: The Engineer . tape 180 , 1945. , in two parts: Part 1, August 17, pp. 122–125 gracesguide.co.uk (PDF) and Part 2, August 24, pp. 144–146 gracesguide.co.uk (PDF) .
- Keith Langston: GWR Collett Castle Class . Pen and Sword, 2015, ISBN 978-1-4738-2356-3 ( books.google.com - reading sample).
- Drew Fermor: GWR / BR (WR) Castle Class: Owners Workshop Manual . JH Haynes & Co Ltd, 2014, ISBN 0-85733-271-6 .
Web links
- John Daniel: 4073 'Castle' class introduction. In: Great Western steam locomotives. Retrieved September 22, 2018 .
- 5028 Llantilio Castle Home Page. llantiliocastle.co.uk, accessed on September 22, 2018 (English, CV of 5028 Llantilio Castle ).
- M. Schijatschky: The third man . In: Railway amateur . 6th year, no. 5 , May 1952, p. 127-133 .
Individual evidence
- ^ OS Nock: The GWR Stars, Castles and Kings . Book Club Associates, London 1980.
- ^ GWR and BR Castle Class 4-6-0 Locomotive. In: Southern Steam Trains. Retrieved September 23, 2018 .
- ↑ a b c d e f H.M. le Fleming: The Locomotives of the Great Western Railway. Part 8. Modern Passenger Classes . Ed .: DE White. 1st edition. The Railway Correspondence and Travel Society, Kenilworth 1953, ISBN 0-901115-19-3 .
- ^ The Castles. PSOV mainline, January 30, 2018, accessed September 23, 2018 .
- ↑ a b c O. S. Nock: Kings & Castles of the GWR 2nd edition. Ian Allan, Shepperton 1969, ISBN 0-7110-0071-9 .
- ↑ a b c Cecil J. Allen: Salute to the Great Western . Ian Allan, Shepperton 1970, ISBN 0-7110-0181-2 .
- ↑ Kenneth J. Cook: Swindon Steam 1921–1951 . Ian Allan, Staines, Middlesex 1974, pp. 52 .
- ↑ Schijatschky, page 133
- ↑ GWR 4-6-0 semi-streamlined 'Castle' class No 5005 'Manorbier Castle'. In: Warwickshire Railways. Retrieved September 23, 2018 .
- ↑ c1935: GWR Manorbier Castle No.5005. In: Swindon Local Studies. Flickr.com, accessed September 23, 2018 .
- ^ Oil-fired locomotives. In: The Great Western Archieve. Retrieved September 23, 2018 .
- ↑ Cecil Allen: Great Western . Ian Allan, 1962, p. 64 .
- ^ Martyn Johnson: The most unpronounceable name of any Castle Class Loco. Flickr.com, accessed September 23, 2018 .
- ^ Light at the end of the tunnel for Severn 'Prairie' . In: Steam Railway . No. 455 . Bauer Consumer Media Ltd, June 17, 2016, ISSN 0143-7232 , p. 40-42 .
- ^ Four killed and 50 injured in train crash . No. 51243 , December 1, 1948, p. 4 , col. A-B .
- ^ Arthur Trevena: Trains in trouble. Railway accidents in pictures . tape 1 . Atlantic Books, St. Day 1980, ISBN 0-906899-01-X , pp. 47 .
- ↑ Laurence Waters: Steam in action. "Castles." Ian Allan, Shepperton 1991, ISBN 0-7110-2006-X .
- ^ Richard Callcott Riley: Great Western Album . Ian Allan, London / Shepperton 1966, ISBN 0-7110-0073-5 .
- ↑ Vintage Trains Limited is Britain's Newest Train Operating Company. In: Rail Professional. Retrieved September 22, 2018 (UK English).
- ^ History of 7027 Thornbury Castle. In: www.thornburycastle7027.co.uk. Thornbury Castle 7027 Society, accessed September 21, 2018 .
- ↑ 5080: Defiant Club. Retrieved September 22, 2018 .
- ↑ 4073 4-6-0 GWR Collett Castle 100A1, 111, 4000, 4016, 4032, 4037, 4073 - 4099, 5000 - 5099 & 7000 - 7037 work = Preserved British Steam Locomotives. June 15, 2017. Retrieved September 23, 2018 .
- ^ Castle Class. Hornby, accessed September 22, 2018 .
- ^ Bristol Castle locomotive 7013, EDLT20 (Hornby Dublo). In: The Brighton Toy and Model Index. Retrieved September 23, 2018 (UK English).
- ^ Wrenn 4-6-0 Castle Class "Cardiff Castle" BR Green Livery W2221. In: Connoisseur Wrenn. Retrieved September 23, 2018 .
- ^ Airfix Railway System. Retrieved September 23, 2018 .
- ↑ Airfix GMR (Great Model Railways) 54125-HD03 Castle Class 'Pendennis Castle' 4079 in BRb Green. Hatton's. Retrieved September 23, 2018 (UK English).
- ↑ Airfix GMR (Great Model Railways) 54124-SAS Class 4073 'Caerphilly Castle' 4-6-0 in GWR Green. Hatton's. Retrieved September 23, 2018 (UK English).
- ↑ Dapol. David Boyle era 1984–1997 D6dapol Castle Class 4073 'Neath Abbey' 5090 in GWR Green. Hatton's. Retrieved September 23, 2018 (UK English).
- ↑ ang Windsor Castle 4082 Locomotive ailway train model Vintage 1970 c Toy 75. In: eBay. Retrieved September 23, 2018 .