Germania (ship, 1908)
 |
||||||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||||||
.svg){kind=small}
The Germania was the first of six sailing yachts built for the Krupp family in the 20th century .
history
This schooner yacht was supposed to represent Bertha Krupp's wedding present to her husband Gustav Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach . According to her will, she owned 99.9975% of the Krupp company. The Germania was designed by the renowned yacht designer Max Oertz on the private shipyard Krupp Germania shipyard in Kiel built in just six months and had 1908 its launching by floating in the dry dock of the shipyard. The concept for the construction of the first Germania was strongly national. She was to become the first German yacht in the highest performance class of schooners, which was "German from the keel to the flag button" (the highest point on the mast top ). Designed by a German designer, built at a German shipyard and equipped with German materials and equipment, in order to be successfully sailed in regattas by German teams. The proud national claim could almost be fully implemented, because Wilhelm Mählitz's sailmaking shop in Berlin even found a supplier for a total of 19 different cotton sails, who was on a par with the classic sailmaker Ratsey & Lapthorn in Great Britain . The poles made of Douglas fir had to be procured from the United States , however, as no suitable timber in the required lengths and qualities could be found in Germany. The three meteor yachts of Kaiser Wilhelm II up to the appearance of Germania in 1908 were both designed and built in America or Great Britain and were sailed by a foreign crew.
As an absolute novelty, her hull was made entirely of stainless steel and her sailing skills were so revolutionary that she won many German regattas during her regatta period from 1908 to 1914, although below deck - in keeping with contemporary tastes - it was very comfortably built. There was a living room with fireplace, dining room, ladies 'salon with piano, owner's double cabin, three guest cabins, servants' cabin, mess and cabin for the captain and helmsmen, galley and crew quarters in the bow. A prime mover was not installed. In the port, the yacht was on its own mooring buoy . In doldrums or canal trips had to tug assistance be requested.
Krupp had made Kaiser Wilhelm's dream of the leading yacht building nation come true, and so he served the Kaiser his Germania as a sparring partner for the Meteor , combined with his own tangible economic interests. During the summer regattas in Cowes , Germania won the race for the Kaiser Cup donated by Wilhelm II. With an average speed of 13.1 knots , she beat all previous records. The British press paid great tribute to Germania's achievements . While Krupp always got the last out of the yacht in regattas with British opponents, he often exercised the most submissive restraint in races against the Kaiser. The Germania was against the meteor back a few seconds always. The ambitious Wilhelm II could be quite resentful if his yacht failed. Krupp also exercised financial restraint in the offer and settlement of the Meteor IV and Meteor V , which Wilhelm II had built at the Krupp Germania shipyard in Kiel. With the construction costs of 587,771 marks for Meteor IV billed, the shipyard made a profit of 95.31 marks. The Germania was charged with 704,024.41 mark against Krupp and the shipyard made a profit of 64,002.20 Mark (material costs: 421,997.80 Mark, wages: 85901.42 Mark, Supplements: 132122.99 Mark).
When war broke out in 1914 , Germania was surprised by the political events on the Solent while preparing for the regattas of Cowes Week , confiscated as a prize by British customs in Southampton and put up for auction. As an ex , she went to the east coast of the United States under new ownership .
After the Germania (later Exen and Half Moon ) had passed through different hands, it got caught in a storm in 1930 and had to be abandoned. It was driven to a shoal northwest of Key Biscayne , Miami-Dade County ( Florida ), and sank there (position: 25 ° 43 ′ 37.4 ″ N , 80 ° 8 ′ 4.7 ″ W ). It has been declared an underwater monument by the government and is therefore a listed building . It is a popular destination for scuba divers.
Germania Nova
In the spring of 2011, reports and photos were published in the German press that show a replica of the Germania from 1908 that is almost true to the original . The ship was mainly built in the Spanish shipyard Factoria Naval de Marin near Vigo on behalf of the German steel contractor Jürgen Großmann and was launched as Germania Nova in May 2011 under the flag of Antigua . Furthermore, a company in Peenemünde in Western Pomerania and two Dutch specialist companies are involved in the construction. The work on the replica began under the direction of the German project manager Rainer Hantke and the construction supervision of the boat builder Detlev Löll commissioned by him from the spring of 2009 in secret. They were made more difficult by the fact that no original construction plans exist anymore. On the basis of photos, articles in trade magazines, models and their model construction plans, a yacht was planned that should be distinguished by its particular fidelity to the original. Due to safety and comfort aspects and the acceptance requirements of Germanischer Lloyd in accordance with the provisions of the English Maritime and Coastguard Agency , some changes have been made: minor deviations in the structure, the use of a modern anchor , the installation of air conditioning systems, modern navigation electronics, extendable Bow thruster and the assembly of a (relatively small) marine diesel engine with 300 kW output. The ship is sailed by 13 crew members and offers space for 10 guests in 5 cabins. The main area of use is the Caribbean and the Mediterranean, charter price approx. US $ 90,000 per week. The ship was sold to new owners in autumn 2018.
Equipment below deck
salon
Ladies salon
Galley
Yachts with the name Germania
- Germania , 1908, Friedrich Krupp Germania shipyard
- Germania II , 1934, A&R , 8mR yacht buildno. 2856
- Germania III , 1935, A&R, 8mR yacht build no. 2974
- Germania IV , 1939, A&R, 8mR yacht build no. 3340
- Germania V , 1955, A&R, 13 KR-Yacht build no. 5025
- Germania VI , 1963, A&R, 16 KR-Kielyacht build no. 5895
literature
- Matthias Kripp: The facilities of the imperial yachts , Master's thesis of the University of Bonn, Prof. Dr. Tilmann Buddensieg, 1989, published in: Deutsches Schifffahrtsarchiv, Vol. 16 (Part 1) + Vol. 17 (Part 2), Deutsches Schifffahrtsmuseum Bremerhaven, Ernst Kabel Verlag GmbH, Hamburg 1993, ISBN 3-8225-0274-X
- Hans Viktor Howaldt: Trans Atlantic under colorful sails . Delius Klasing , Bielefeld 1962
- Svante Domizlaff, Alexander Rost: Germania - The yachts of the house of Krupp . Delius Klasing, 2007, ISBN 978-3-7688-1840-7
- Hella Peperkorn: Germania IV - The sailing legend awakes from a long slumber . In classics . Issue 1, 2007, pp. 10-16.
Web links
- The history of the yacht ( memento of September 29, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
- Max Oertz (PDF; 2.69 MB, English)
- The big schooners. In: klaus-kramer.de. Archived from the original on October 27, 2004 (Photo: Krupp's schooner GERMANIA at the regattas of Cowes Week on the Solent).
- Max Oertz shipyard. In: alt-wilhelmsburg.de.
- Half moon. In: museumsinthesea.com.
- GERMANIA NOVA. In: germania-nova.com. Archived from the original on July 3, 2019 .
Footnotes
- ↑ Svante Domizlaff and Alexander Rost: Germania - Die Yachten des Haus Krupp, p. 42 ff.
- ^ "Germania" - sailing with a ladies' salon. In: Abendblatt.de. Hamburger Abendblatt , January 28, 2007, accessed December 15, 2008 .
- ↑ Svante Domizlaff and Alexander Rost: Germania - Die Yachten des Haus Krupp, p. 47 ff.
- ↑ Klaus Kramer, Max Oertz - genius, yacht designer, aeronaut and inventor, p. 38 ff.
- ↑ Svante Domizlaff and Alexander Rost: Germania - Die Yachten des Haus Krupp, p. 75.
- ↑ What became of the "Germania" yachts. In: Abendblatt.de. Hamburger Abendblatt , January 28, 2007, accessed December 15, 2008 .
- ^ Archeology - Division of Historical Resources. In: Flheritage.com. Retrieved May 21, 2010 .
- ↑ a b Erdmann Braschos and Eva Buchhorn: Which ships rich entrepreneurs afford, 4th part: The replica of a legendary Krupp yacht In: manager-magazin.de . Manager Magazin , March 19, 2015, accessed July 2, 2016.
- ↑ Germania construct of the will . In: yacht.de . Yacht classic No. 2/2011, pp. 26–35.
- ↑ YACHT CLASSIC 2/2011, p. 31
- ^ Splendor and glory of the regatta courses, FAZ July 27, 2011
- ↑ SAILING JOURNAL 04/2012, p. 35
- ↑ YACHT CLASSIC 2/2018, p. 18
- ↑ Glitz and Glory of the Regattabahnen In: Frankfurter Allgemeine Sonntagszeitung , May 8, 2011, p. 9.
- ↑ Classic Sailing Yacht Germania Nova. In: charterworld.com . Retrieved February 11, 2016.
Coordinates: 25 ° 43 ′ 37.4 " N , 80 ° 8 ′ 4.7" W.