Gronig
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Gronig
commune Oberthal
Coordinates: 49 ° 31 ′ 0 ″ N , 7 ° 5 ′ 0 ″ E
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| Height : | 350 m above sea level NN |
| Area : | 4.88 km² |
| Residents : | 1392 (Feb. 1, 2015) |
| Population density : | 285 inhabitants / km² |
| Incorporation : | 1st January 1974 |
| Postal code : | 66649 |
| Area code : | 06854 |
 Gronig seen from the Schaumberg
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Gronig is a district of the Oberthal community in the St. Wendel district in Saarland . Until the end of 1973, Gronig was an independent municipality.
geography
The village is located in the Saar-Hunsrück Nature Park on both sides of the state road 134 at the foot of the Momberg. The Momberg is part of the Hunsrück foreland and has two mountain peaks: a northern one in the Pfaffenwald (499.4 meters) and a southern one in the Dillingerwald (490.9 meters). Together with the Losenberg, it forms the watershed between the Blies and Nahe . It is popularly called "Mommerich".
history
Stone Age, Bronze Age, Iron Age
Since prehistoric times, there are throughout Europe and Asia barrows . With us they occur in the Neolithic Age, in the Bronze Age this form of burial dominates. Around 700 BC The Celts immigrate from the east . The Celtic Treverians settle on the Moselle and Hunsrück . In their first development period ( Hallstatt culture ) they bury their cremated dead in urn graves.
An urn grave was excavated at the “Wachsgut” in Gronig around 1900, the finds are lost. In 1949 an urn grave was excavated at the »Sandhügel« in Gronig, the finds are lost. Burial mounds and fortifications have remained from the late Iron Age La Tène period . An important princely grave is located about 1 kilometer to the west on Theleyer area - the » fox hill «. It was excavated in 1835. The second Theleyer princely grave is located further south on the corridor »Hinterm Weidenklöppchen«. To the east of this is the »Freibösch« burial mound. There is also a burial mound on the Alsweiler Bann south of Gronig . The princely grave in Reinheim and the Celtic oppidum " Hunnenring " in Otzenhausen also date from this era . A Celtic refugee castle was found on the Schaumberg.
At this time there is a large fortress on the Momberg . Up here the Celtic farmers from the area hide themselves during attacks. The castle is a place of retreat and is not permanently inhabited. The construction of such walls made of stone, rubble and wood, typical of the Celts, is called " murus gallicus ". The wall on the Momberg seals off the high plateau of the southern hilltop from the north, in the south the terrain is protected by the steep mountain slope. The remains of the complex can still be seen today, the street name "Zum Keltenring" reminds of this.
Roman empire
From 58 to 52 BC Julius Caesar conquered Gaul and the entire area left of the Rhine to the North Sea. The settlements on Momberg now belong to the Roman province of " Gallia Celtica " and are Romanised : the Romans founded military towns ( oppida ) and settled veterans on the soil of the subjugated tribes. Augustus divides Gaul into three parts 27 BC BC, the settlements on Momberg now belong to " Gallia Belgica ". He turns the Treveri capital into Augusta Treverorum - today's Trier .
During the imperial era, Europe experienced an unprecedented economic boom, the provinces developed in order and peace.
In the Wareswald near Tholey , the military roads cross from Divodurum Mediomatricum ( Metz ) to Mogontiacum ( Mainz ) and from Augusta Treverorum to Argentorate ( Strasbourg ). From the 2nd to 4th century, a Gallo-Roman settlement ( vicus ), which is important for the region, was probably built from a Celtic village, from which a stone road also led to today's Gronig. Remnants of the "Alte Straße" can be found in the Groniger area between Blies and Hirzbach near "Wachsgut". On the "stone mound" near the Blies there was presumably a brick factory, remains of the wall and brick finds indicate this.
Towards the end of the 3rd century this order expired. Economic crises lead to coin depreciation and ultimately to the collapse of the money market. Germanic peoples invade the area of the Roman Empire. Sometimes they are recruited as foederati (federates) or lease Roman land as colonates , sometimes they come as conquerors. The old Roman cities in the Rhineland and Gaul are being fortified in a hurry. The Porta Nigra in Trier dates from this time and was completed around 300. Diocletian divides the empire into four parts, Trier becomes one of four capitals. In 391, Emperor Theodosius I made Christianity the state religion.
In 1964 a second, much smaller wall from the late Roman period was discovered on the west side of the Momberg. It was probably built by Gallo-Roman farmers to protect themselves from marauding hosts ( Teutons ?, Huns ?). The large Celtic complex was probably derelict at that time. On the eve of the Great Migration, the Gallo-Romans live here , the culture of the conquerors has merged with that of the indigenous people. The name "Gronig" goes back to the Gallo-Roman * Cronacum or * Croniacum and is a collective suffix, comparable to today's German "-heim" or "-ingen" at the end of the place name. The collective suffix itself is adopted for the personal name "Cronius". A repeatedly heard claim that "Gronig" is a Celtic name is absurd and cannot be scientifically proven or justified.
Empire of the Franks
The Gallo-Roman settlements go under in the migration of peoples . Streets and buildings are falling into disrepair. During the Merovingian era , the Franks took land here. The area falls through the division of the last Carolingian Empire in 855 to the " Lotharingien " middle empire and belongs to the " Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation " without interruption until 1766
middle Ages
The occidental history of our area begins with the foundation of Tholey Abbey . From here the region was administered and governed. Gronig is mentioned for the first time in a document in 1263: "The knight Wilhelm, known as Hudestoch von Schauenburg, returns the goods in Gronig and Osenbach to Tholey Abbey, which he had as a fiefdom from the abbey".
The patron saint of the parish of Gronig is Donatus von Münstereifel .
19th century
Until 1814 Gronig was assigned to the canton of Tholey , in the Moselle department .
20th century
As part of the Saarland regional and administrative reform , the previously independent municipality of Gronig was assigned to the municipality of Oberthal on January 1, 1974.
Mayor is Björn Gebauer (SPD).
750 years of Gronig
In 2013, from 23 to 25 August, Gronig celebrated the 750th anniversary of the place, which was first mentioned in writing in 1263. At this festival, to which Saarland Prime Minister Annegret Kramp-Karrenbauer also came, 30 years of HFC Mombergteufel and 50 years of St. Donatus parish church were also celebrated.
literature
- Gronig. The history of the municipality of Gronig. St. Wendel 1973.
- Alois Hans: Gronig - village at the source of the Blies. Volume 1: The Village .
- Alois Hans: Gronig - village at the source of the Blies. Volume 2: The Inhabitants .
- Gronig - since 1263: 750 years of Gronig, 50 years of the parish church of St. Donatus Gronig. Festschrift 2013.
Web links
- Website of the Oberthal community
- Gallo-Roman settlement in the Wareswald
- Literature about Gronig in the Saarland Bibliography
Individual evidence
- ↑ Population statistics for the municipality of Oberthal - residents with main and secondary residence in the municipality as of February 1, 2015
- ↑ New Structure Act - NGG of December 19, 1973, Section 50, published in the Saarland Official Gazette 1973, No. 48, p. 857 (PDF page 29; 499 kB)
- ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 810 .
- ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 810 .