Habranthus

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Habranthus
Habranthus tubispathus

Habranthus tubispathus

Systematics
Monocots
Order : Asparagales (Asparagales)
Family : Amaryllis family (Amaryllidaceae)
Subfamily : Amaryllidoideae
Tribe : Hippeastreae
Genre : Habranthus
Scientific name
Habranthus
Herb.

The Habranthus , as well as related genera rain lilies called, are a genus of plants from the family of the Amaryllis (Amaryllidaceae). The 82 or so species are common in the New World .

description

Bulbs of Habranthus tubispathus
Flowers of Habranthus tubispathus
Illustration from The botanical cabinet , no.1677 by Habranthus tubispathus
Open capsule fruit with shiny, black, flat, D-shaped seeds of Habranthus tubispathus
Illustration of the type species Habranthus gracilifolius from the first publication in Curtis's Botanical Magazine , Volume 51, 1824, plate 2464

Vegetative characteristics

Habranthus species are deciduous, perennial herbaceous plants . These geophytes form egg to spherical onions with black to brown cover ("tunic") as persistence organs.

The basal, upright or bent down leaves are simple, flat, linear, sessile, smooth and rarely exceed a width of 2 centimeters. The leaf bases overlap.

Generative characteristics

Usually only one or rarely up to four flowers are in a doldigen inflorescence with a single, röhrigem at its base husk together on a long, hollow inflorescence stem. Sometimes there are also cover sheets .

The nodding to more or less upright, hermaphrodite, somewhat zygomorphic , three-fold flowers are trumpet-shaped and have a diameter of 2 to 8 centimeters. The six almost identical bloom cladding sheets ( tepals ), which are only fused at their base, are mostly white. There are two circles, each with three curved, fertile stamens ; they are longer than the flower tube. The four different lengths (main distinguishing feature of the two related genera) stamens are short with the bracts and partly fused with each other. Three carpels have become an under constant ovary grown, many ovules contains. The thin stylus ends in a three-branched scar.

Usually almost spherical to more or less egg-shaped, three-chambered, thin-walled capsule fruits are formed, which contain many seeds. The dark brown to black, glossy seeds are flat, D-shaped and winged across.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 24.

Systematics and distribution

Habranthus caeruleus
Habranthus robustus
Blossom in detail of Habranthus robustus , the three-branch stigma can be clearly seen
Habranthus versicolor

The genus Habranthus was established in 1824 by William Herbert in Botanical Magazine , Volume 51, Plate 2464. The type species is Habranthus gracilifolius Herb. The generic name Habranthus is made up of the ancient Greek words ἀβρος habros for "soft", "tender", "pleasant" or "dainty" and ἄνθος ánthos for "blossom" or "flower". A synonym for Habranthus Herb. is Zephyranthella (Pax) Pax .

The genus Habranthus belongs to Subtribus Zephyranthinea in the tribe Hippeastreae within the family of Amaryllidaceae family (Amaryllidaceae). Sometimes the common name rain lilies is used for this genus; but this is also the common name of the closely related genus Zephyranthes Herb. and Cooperia Herb. , So this name is used for all genera of the subtribe Zephyranthinea. Flagg et al. put some species from the genus Zephyranthes into the genus Habranthus in 2010 .

Habranthus species are common in the New World . There are areas in the southeast and south-central United States (two species), Mexico (five species) and mainly in South America . Some species are invasive plants in subtropical and tropical countries outside of the New World.

There are around 82 species of Habranthus (here is a selection):

Hybrid:

  • Habranthus × floryi Traub : hybrids from Habranthus robustus × Habranthus brachyandrus

use

There are some varieties that are used as ornamental plants in parks and gardens.

swell

  • Raymond O. Flagg, Gerald L. Smith, Walter S. Flory: Habranthus , p. 296 - online with the same text as the printed work , In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico. Volume 26: Magnoliophyta: Liliidae: Liliales and Orchidales , Oxford University Press, New York and Oxford, 2002, ISBN 0-19-515208-5 .
  • AW Meerow, MF Fay, CL Guy, QB Li, FQ Zaman, MW Chase: Systematic of Amaryllidaceae based on cladistic analysis of Plastid RBCL and TML-F sewuences of data. In: American Journal of Botany , Volume 86, 1999, pp. 1325-1345.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b Raymond O. Flagg, Gerald L. Smith, Walter S. Flory: Habranthus , p. 296 - same text online as the printed work , In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico . Volume 26: Magnoliophyta: Liliidae: Liliales and Orchidales , Oxford University Press, New York and Oxford, 2002, ISBN 0-19-515208-5 .
  2. ^ Habranthus at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
  3. ^ A b c Habranthus in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
  4. ↑ Raymond O. Flagg, Gerald L. Smith, Alan W. Meerow: New Combinations in Habranthus (Amaryllidaceae) in Mexico and Southwestern USA In: Novon , Volume 20, Issue 1, 2010, pp. 33-34. scanned at biodiversitylibrary.org doi : 10.3417 / 2008049
  5. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Habranthus. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved July 27, 2018.
  6. ↑ Germán Roitman, José A. Castillo, Graciela M. Tourn, Rolando Uria: A New Species, Habranthus sanavirone (Amaryllidaceae), from Argentina , 2007 (PDF; 500 kB)

Web links

Commons : Habranthus  - collection of images, videos and audio files