Habranthus
Habranthus | ||||||||||||
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Scientific name | ||||||||||||
Habranthus | ||||||||||||
Herb. |
The Habranthus , as well as related genera rain lilies called, are a genus of plants from the family of the Amaryllis (Amaryllidaceae). The 82 or so species are common in the New World .
description
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Habranthus_tubispathus-_Soriano%2C_Palmar%2C_Suelo_rocoso_entre_gram%C3%ADneas_al_margen_del_Lago_23.jpg/220px-Habranthus_tubispathus-_Soriano%2C_Palmar%2C_Suelo_rocoso_entre_gram%C3%ADneas_al_margen_del_Lago_23.jpg)
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Habranthus_tubispathus_2.jpg/220px-Habranthus_tubispathus_2.jpg)
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/2464_Habranthus_gracilifolius.jpg/220px-2464_Habranthus_gracilifolius.jpg)
Vegetative characteristics
Habranthus species are deciduous, perennial herbaceous plants . These geophytes form egg to spherical onions with black to brown cover ("tunic") as persistence organs.
The basal, upright or bent down leaves are simple, flat, linear, sessile, smooth and rarely exceed a width of 2 centimeters. The leaf bases overlap.
Generative characteristics
Usually only one or rarely up to four flowers are in a doldigen inflorescence with a single, röhrigem at its base husk together on a long, hollow inflorescence stem. Sometimes there are also cover sheets .
The nodding to more or less upright, hermaphrodite, somewhat zygomorphic , three-fold flowers are trumpet-shaped and have a diameter of 2 to 8 centimeters. The six almost identical bloom cladding sheets ( tepals ), which are only fused at their base, are mostly white. There are two circles, each with three curved, fertile stamens ; they are longer than the flower tube. The four different lengths (main distinguishing feature of the two related genera) stamens are short with the bracts and partly fused with each other. Three carpels have become an under constant ovary grown, many ovules contains. The thin stylus ends in a three-branched scar.
Usually almost spherical to more or less egg-shaped, three-chambered, thin-walled capsule fruits are formed, which contain many seeds. The dark brown to black, glossy seeds are flat, D-shaped and winged across.
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 24.
Systematics and distribution
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Habranthus_robustus_%281%29.jpg/220px-Habranthus_robustus_%281%29.jpg)
The genus Habranthus was established in 1824 by William Herbert in Botanical Magazine , Volume 51, Plate 2464. The type species is Habranthus gracilifolius Herb. The generic name Habranthus is made up of the ancient Greek words ἀβρος habros for "soft", "tender", "pleasant" or "dainty" and ἄνθος ánthos for "blossom" or "flower". A synonym for Habranthus Herb. is Zephyranthella (Pax) Pax .
The genus Habranthus belongs to Subtribus Zephyranthinea in the tribe Hippeastreae within the family of Amaryllidaceae family (Amaryllidaceae). Sometimes the common name rain lilies is used for this genus; but this is also the common name of the closely related genus Zephyranthes Herb. and Cooperia Herb. , So this name is used for all genera of the subtribe Zephyranthinea. Flagg et al. put some species from the genus Zephyranthes into the genus Habranthus in 2010 .
Habranthus species are common in the New World . There are areas in the southeast and south-central United States (two species), Mexico (five species) and mainly in South America . Some species are invasive plants in subtropical and tropical countries outside of the New World.
There are around 82 species of Habranthus (here is a selection):
- Habranthus albispiritus Ravenna : It occurs in northwestern Argentina .
- Habranthus amambaicus Ravenna : It occurs in Paraguay .
- Habranthus andalgalensis Ravenna : It occurs only in the Argentine province of Catamarca .
- Habranthus araguaiensis Ravenna : It occurs from western-central Brazil to Tocantins .
- Habranthus arenicola (Brandegee) Flagg, G.Lom.Sm. & Meerow (Syn .: Zephyranthes arenicola Brandegee , Atamasco arenicola (Brandegee) Greene ): It occurs only in the Mexican state of Baja California and on the island of Guadalupe .
- Habranthus argentinus Traub : It occurs only in the Argentine province of Misiones .
- Habranthus auratus Ravenna : It occurs in Paraguay.
- Habranthus bahiensis Ravenna This endemic occurs only on the Morro de Chapéu in the Brazilian state of Bahia .
- Habranthus barrosianus Hunz. & Di Fulvio : It iswidespreadfrom the Argentine province of Buenos Aires to Uruguay .
- Habranthus botumirimensis R.S.Oliveira : It wasfirst describedin 2009 from the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais .
- Habranthus brachyandrus (Baker) Sealy : It is distributed from Paraguay to northern Argentina.
- Habranthus caaguazuensis Ravenna : It was first described from Paraguay in 2003.
- Habranthus caeruleus (Griseb.) Grape : It occurs from Brazil to the Argentine province of Entre Rios.
- Habranthus calderensis Ravenna : The species first described in 2003 occurs in north-western Argentina.
- Habranthus cardenasianus Traub & ISNelson : It occurs in Bolivia.
- Habranthus carmineus Ravenna : It occurs from Uruguay to the Argentine province of Entre Rios.
- Habranthus catamarcensis Ravenna : It occurs in the Argentine province of Catamarca.
- Habranthus chacoensis Ravenna : It occurs in the Argentine province of Chaco .
- Habranthus chichimeca (TMHoward & S.Ogden) Flagg, G.Lom.Sm. & Meerow : It was first described in 2010 from northeastern Mexico.
- Habranthus concinnus Ravenna : It occurs in the Brazilian state of Paraná.
- Habranthus conzattii (Greenm.) Flagg, G.Lom.Sm. & Meerow : It occurs in the Mexican state of Oaxaca .
- Habranthus cordobensis Ravenna : It occurs in the Argentine province of Córdoba.
- Habranthus correntinus Roitman, JACastillo & MRBarrios : This species, first described in 2008, occurs in the Argentine province of Corrientes.
- Habranthus crassibulbus Ravenna : It occurs in the Argentine province of Santiago del Estero .
- Habranthus datensis Ravenna : It occurs in Brazil.
- Habranthus duarteanus Ravenna : It occurs in the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais.
- Habranthus erectus Ravenna : It occurs in the Argentine province of Jujuy.
- Habranthus estensis Ravenna : It occurs in Uruguay.
- Habranthus gameleirensis Ravenna : It occurs in the Brazilian state of Tocantins.
- Habranthus goianus Ravenna : It occurs in western and central Brazil.
- Habranthus gracilifolius Herb. : It occurs from Argentina to Uruguay.
- Habranthus guachipensis Ravenna : It occurs in the Argentine province of Salta.
- Habranthus immaculatus Traub & Clint : It occurs in the Mexican states of Guanajuanto and Oaxaca.
- Habranthus irwinianus Ravenna : It occurs in the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais.
- Habranthus ischihualastus Ravenna : It occurs in the Argentine province of San Juan.
- Habranthus itaobinus Ravenna : It occurs in Brazil.
- Habranthus jamesonii (Baker) Ravenna : It occurs in Argentina.
- Habranthus jujuyensis (E. Holmb.) Traub : It occurs in the Argentine province of Jujuy.
- Habranthus lacteus (S.Moore) Ravenna : It occurs in western and central Brazil.
- Habranthus leonensis Ravenna : It occurs in Paraguay.
- Habranthus leptandrus Ravenna : It occurs in Bolivia.
- Habranthus longifolius (Hemsl.) Flagg, G.Lom.Sm. & Meerow (Syn .: Zephyranthes longifolia Hemsl. , Atamasco longifolia (Hemsl.) Small , Zephyranthes aurea S. Watson ): It is distributed from southeastern Arizona to western Texas and Mexico.
- Habranthus longipes (Baker) Sealy : It occurs in Uruguay.
- Habranthus lucidus R.S. Oliveira : It wasfirst describedin 2009 from the Brazilian state of Bahia .
- Habranthus maasii Ravenna : It occurs in the Argentine province of Jujuy.
- Habranthus magnoi Ravenna : It occurs in the Argentine provinces of San Luis and Córdoba.
- Habranthus martinezii Ravenna : It occurs in northern Argentina.
- Habranthus matacus Ravenna : It occurs in the Argentine province of Formosa.
- Habranthus medinae L.O. Alvarado & García-Mend. : It wasfirst describedin 2009 from the Mexican state of Puebla .
- Habranthus mendocensis (Baker) Sealy : It occurs in the Argentine province of Mendoza .
- Habranthus mexicanus T.M. Howard : It occurs in northeastern Mexico.
- Habranthus microcarpus (Rusby) Ravenna : It occurs in Bolivia.
- Habranthus millarensis Ravenna : It occurs in Bolivia.
- Habranthus minor Ravenna : It was first described in 2003 from the Brazilian state of Tocantins.
- Habranthus neumannii Roitman, JACastillo & Maza : It wasfirst describedin 2008 from the Argentine province of Jujuy .
- Habranthus niveus Ravenna : It occurs in the Argentine province of Catamarca.
- Habranthus nullipes Ravenna : It occurs in Bolivia.
- Habranthus oaxacanus T.M. Howard : It occurs in the Mexican state of Oaxaca.
- Habranthus oltanus Ravenna : It was first described in 2001 from the Argentine province of La Rioja.
- Habranthus oranensis Ravenna : It occurs in the Argentine province of Salta.
- Habranthus pantanalensis Ravenna : It occurs in the Brazilian state of Mato Grosso do Sul.
- Habranthus pedunculosus Herb. : It is distributed from southern Brazil to Paraguay, Uruguay and northern Argentina.
- Habranthus philadelphicus Ravenna : It was first described from Paraguay in 2003.
- Habranthus pictus Ravenna : It occurs in the Argentine province of Catamarca.
- Habranthus quilmesianus Ravenna : It occurs in northwestern Argentina.
- Habranthus riojanus Ravenna : It occurs in the Argentine province of La Rioja.
- Habranthus robustus Herb. ex Sweet : It originally occurs from eastern and southern Brazil to Uruguay and northeastern Argentina.
- Habranthus ruber Ravenna : It occurs in the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul.
- Habranthus ruizlealii Ravenna : It occurs in the Argentine province of La Rioja.
- Habranthus saipinensis Ravenna : It occurs in Bolivia.
- Habranthus salinarum Ravenna : It occurs in the Argentine province of Corrientes .
- Habranthus saltensis Ravenna : It occurs in the Argentine province of Salta.
- Habranthus sanavirone Roitman, JACastillo, G.Tourn & Uria : It wasfirst describedin 2007 from the Argentine province of Córdoba .
- Habranthus schulzianus Ravenna : It occurs in the Argentine province of Santa Fé .
- Habranthus spectabilis Ravenna : It occurs in the Argentine province of Jujuy.
- Habranthus steyermarkii Ravenna : It occurs in the Argentine province of Jujuy.
- Habranthus sylvaticus (Mart. Ex Schult. & Schult. F.) Herb. : It occurs in northeastern Brazil.
- Habranthus tepicensis Greenm. ex Flagg & G.Lom.Sm. : It wasfirst describedin 2009 from the Mexican state of Nayarit .
- Habranthus teretifolius (CHWright) Traub & Moldenke : It occurs in Paraguay, Argentina and western Uruguay.
- Habranthus tubispathus (L'Hér.) Traub (Syn .: Amaryllis tubispatha L'Hér. , Zephyranthes tubispatha (L'Hér.) Herb. , Arviela tubispatha (L'Hér.) Salisb. Nom. Inval., Hippeastrum tubispathum (L 'Hér.) Baker , Atamosco tubispatha (L'Hér.) M.Gómez , Amaryllis depauperata Poepp. , Zephyranthes texana Herb. , Zephyranthes commersoniana Herb. , Habranthus texanus (Herb.) Herb. Ex Steud. , Habranthus parvulus (Herb. ) Pritz. , Hippeastrum texanum (Herb.) Baker , Habranthus andersonii Herb. , Hippeastrum andersonii (Herb.) Baker , Amaryllis andersonii (Herb.) Griseb. Nom. Illeg., Zephyranthes andersonii (Herb.) Benth. & Hook. F . , Atamasco texana Greene (Herb.) , Habranthus tubispathus var. bicolor Ravenna , Habranthus tubispathus subsp. macranthus Ravenna , Habranthus tubispathus var. roseus Ravenna , Habranthus tubispathus subsp. variabilis Ravenna , Habranthus variabilis (Ravenna) Ravenna ) She comes originally from the southern Brazil to northeast Argentina and is in many a other countries a neophyte.
- Habranthus unifolius (Arechav.) Traub : It occurs in Uruguay.
- Habranthus venturianus Ravenna : It occurs in the Argentine province of Santiago del Estero .
- Habranthus vittatus T.M. Howard : It occurs in the Mexican state of Oaxaca.
Hybrid:
- Habranthus × floryi Traub : hybrids from Habranthus robustus × Habranthus brachyandrus
use
There are some varieties that are used as ornamental plants in parks and gardens.
swell
- Raymond O. Flagg, Gerald L. Smith, Walter S. Flory: Habranthus , p. 296 - online with the same text as the printed work , In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico. Volume 26: Magnoliophyta: Liliidae: Liliales and Orchidales , Oxford University Press, New York and Oxford, 2002, ISBN 0-19-515208-5 .
- AW Meerow, MF Fay, CL Guy, QB Li, FQ Zaman, MW Chase: Systematic of Amaryllidaceae based on cladistic analysis of Plastid RBCL and TML-F sewuences of data. In: American Journal of Botany , Volume 86, 1999, pp. 1325-1345.
Individual evidence
- ^ A b Raymond O. Flagg, Gerald L. Smith, Walter S. Flory: Habranthus , p. 296 - same text online as the printed work , In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico . Volume 26: Magnoliophyta: Liliidae: Liliales and Orchidales , Oxford University Press, New York and Oxford, 2002, ISBN 0-19-515208-5 .
- ^ Habranthus at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
- ^ A b c Habranthus in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
- ↑ Raymond O. Flagg, Gerald L. Smith, Alan W. Meerow: New Combinations in Habranthus (Amaryllidaceae) in Mexico and Southwestern USA In: Novon , Volume 20, Issue 1, 2010, pp. 33-34. scanned at biodiversitylibrary.org doi : 10.3417 / 2008049
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Habranthus. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved July 27, 2018.