Haid (Arzberg)
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Haid
City of Arzberg
Coordinates: 50 ° 1 ′ 39 ″ N , 12 ° 10 ′ 34 ″ E
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| Height : | 517-539 m above sea level NN |
| Residents : | 81 (1987) |
| Incorporation : | January 1, 1977 |
| Postal code : | 95659 |
| Area code : | 09233 |
Haid is a district of the city of Arzberg in the district of Wunsiedel in the Fichtelgebirge , Upper Franconia .
Waters
The Feisnitz reservoir
The reservoir in the Feisnitz valley between Kohlberg and Elmberg is 1.3 kilometers long and consists of main and preliminary storage. The main reservoir dam is 19.3 meters high and 150 meters long. The greatest depth is 19 meters, the total storage area 15.54 hectares.
The pre-storage has a storage area of 4.24 and a maximum depth of 7 meters. The dam is 9.25 meters high, the crown 120 meters long. In 1972/73 the reservoir was created by the then Bayerische Elektrizitäts-Lieferungs-Gesellschaft (BELG) as a cooling water reservoir for the Arzberg power station . The reason for this was the power plant expansion with the construction of the two cooling towers. When the water in the Röslau is low , the water level should be increased along with the storage water in order to avoid harmful warming of the river by the water flowing in from the power plant. In the past, the Treue Friendship colliery was located there (see above). During the construction of the reservoir, this facility disappeared and the Seeklause restaurant was built north of the Vordamm, a campsite and a parking lot in an arched bank, which can be used as a starting point for hikes e.g. B. to the Waldenfelswarte on the Kohlberg or in the Gsteinigt between Elisenfels and Arzberg. The reservoir itself, with its recreational opportunities, is also a popular destination in summer.
history
In 1061 the Hohe Strasse or Otnantstrasse, an old trade route between Nuremberg and Eger, was mentioned. It led over today's local area to Eger and from there to Prague.
In 1499 the Haid was mentioned several times in the land register of the six offices . Many farmers from Seußen had their fields there. "Judge Thoman [...] has 14 days [work] fields, located on the Haid [...] Jörg Freynersleben has 12 days work fields, situated in the Haid" (Landbuch der Sechsämter from 1499). These were the largest of the six Seußen farmers who owned properties here. There were also parcels of land in “Nybitz”, but at that time only a few “tagwerck wißmats” and hardly a field would have been found there.
Together with the Pernloch (called “Pernloe” elsewhere, today Katharinenhöhe) and the Endtenfleck (near Glashütte), in which Seußener and Brander farmers and the Prantner family had fiefs or their own estates, the Haid and the Nibitz formed a larger one contiguous clearing area that was only sparsely populated and was later partially reforested.
Elsewhere, the Haid appeared as a border town between the Reichsforst and the Kohlwald . The "Kolforst" was bordered by the Faistritz, "beginning at the mul zu Hofleins" (mill near Höflas) and by the "Roslein" into which the Faisnitz flowed. The Röslau remained the border to Oschwitz. From there it went via Schirnding and today's Seedorf back to Feisnitz to the "Hofleinsmul". The Reichsforst, on the other hand, extended to a large extent into what is today the Upper Palatinate. When describing the border, they started again with the mill at Höflas. From there the border went over the "Dornperg" to "Kunerßreuth" (today Konnersreuth ) and on to "Rotzenpuhl" (today Rosenbühl ). From there the border ran through the forest, along the old road to today's Ochsentränk , from where it snaked over Haingrün , then along the Steinbach and then "over to the Rauhenprant" (today Weidersberg). From there it continued "over to the Haid". “From the Haid eim way down to the Faistritz, you started”.
This forest area is described as follows: “Item (German: as well, also) the Reichsforst and Kolforst is a large wood with two miles long and one mile preit. In there steadily pau- and other holtz; they are two pieces together ”. One mile was the distance you could walk in an hour, about 4 to 4.5 kilometers. This considerable forest property was administered by the two forest servants Fridl Haman, who lived in "Prannt", and Michel Kutzer, who had his property in "Seyssen".
The main task of the two foresters was to manage the forest. This consisted e.g. B. in it, the hammer mill owners, named here is Hans Kohlschreiber, hammer master in Seußen, annually to instruct wood for the production of charcoal. Furthermore, they had the task of collecting the reutzins for the margrave, which was levied from the villages bordering the forest. They were rewarded with grain and other natural produce from the villages, which also had to pay the interest.
In 1528 the area became Protestant because it belonged to the parish of Arzberg. The first Protestant pastor was Fabian Ödmann. He did not switch to the Protestant camp with full enthusiasm, but under the influence of Luther's teaching he became a theologian who no longer asked about material goods, but how one could stand before God.
In 1668 the Einsiedlerhof was first named on the "Klausuln" (today Klausen).
In 1632, Wallenstein's soldiers looted the area, and many farmers were shot. Up to 1637 there were almost no other reports from the area than about the bad robbery, stealing, scorching and burning and murder.
In 1633 soldiers of the "Croatian Colonel Corpes" were on the Haid and in Seußen and devastated the village.
In 1640 on June 12th, a number of riders were staying in Seußen and on the Haid, and they behaved very badly. Then "Rittmeister Hans Wilhelm von Brand zu Brand recruits a new company with whom he will move to the Bavarian Army on July 21st." Those who were still healthy were happy to be advertised to be "better hammer than anvil" . From August 13th to 14th, the cavalry of the Holtz, Koretto and Copaun regiments lived in Seußen and the surrounding area, including on the Haid. In the fall of that year, Swedes came under Douglas and sacked town and country. Many people, including von der Haid, fled to the permanent Hohenberg Castle. Thierstein Castle was established as a refuge for the population of the six offices in 1640. In the spring of 1641 more Swedish troops came to the suckled Sechsämterland and moved with the others to the Upper Palatinate to attack Regensburg, where the Kaiser sat with the Reichstag. The attack failed and Bayern followed behind the retreating Swedes. Immediately after March 20, they also appeared in Sussia, namely the Löwenstein regiment. The six offices, which had already been through a lot, said this billeting was the most inhuman they had to endure. In the summer of 1642 the streets became livelier again. On September 6th, a company with Heiducken and Pollaks, about 70 men strong, came out of Bohemia and set up their night quarters on the Haid, in Seußen and Korbersdorf .
In 1643 the streets became quieter again. “Around this time, the church in Arzberg, which was set on fire in 1632 by robber war mobs, was rebuilt through pious trust in God, iron will and cordial community spirit under Pastor Simon Schöpf's leadership. There were no funds for foreign craftsmen, every job had to be done by oneself and every single one of them did it with joy. It will have been a simple church, but heartfelt thanks filled all hearts when the first service could be celebrated again. A somewhat quieter time allowed the work to flourish, but before it was finished the old tribulation began again. ”(Pastor Simone) Only four families are said to have lived in Seußen at this time, the Haid is said to be desolate.
In 1644 the torment of the drafts began again. On November 18, General Field Marshal von Hatzfeld also quartered his army in part in Seußen and the surrounding area. In the three days that they lay there, they should also be fed. When this did not happen immediately, they stole the farmers' cattle. With all this, taxes and other cash benefits had to be paid and one has to wonder where the money was still coming from. New Year's Day in 1645 brought a demand of 18 guilders to Seußen, Schlottenhof and Oschwitz (it can be assumed that the Haid belonged to Seußen). At this time, you couldn't venture out into the field unarmed because the wolves roamed the country in packs. On February 3, a Thaler shot money was offered for anyone who delivered a wolf's bite; six groschen were promised for each fox hide. The plague was so bad that anyone, but only in the vicinity of his yard, was allowed to shoot wolves. In 1698 the Haid settlement was mentioned again when the Fraisch (jurisdiction over life and death) of the Hohenberg Office was determined. The place was then on the southern border of the Hohenberg office. It consisted of Reuth estates that were managed by “emigrants” from Seußen. One of these emigrants was a descendant of the above-mentioned Michel Kutzer; they built today's Haid No. 9 property, as evidenced by the old house name of this property.
In 1740 it was described in a parish book that the three deserted areas Klausen, Haid and Fazel (probably the older of the so-called Trögerhäuser) belonged to the village of Seußen. The judge from Arzberg exercised the jurisdiction.
In 1777, individual farms and hamlets near Haid were named "in the Niebitz uff der Haid ob Seußen". The Haid included the individual farms and the hamlets of Elmberg, Glashütte, Haid, Hagenhaus, Heiligenfurt, Klausen, Steinau, Preisdorf, Theresienfeld, the alum factory Treuefreund and the Trögerhäuser.
In 1791 the area became Prussian because the last Margrave Karl Alexander remained childless and therefore abdicated. Due to a previously concluded house contract (both rulers were Hohenzollern), the area fell to Friedrich Wilhelm II, King of Prussia.
In 1792, Alexander von Humboldt reported on July 24th about the deposits and the mining operations of the alum works Treue Freundophonie on the Klausen. Sulphurous lignite was mined before 1886, which made alum production possible. Twelve miners and boilers worked there. In this rock there were inclusions of bay leaves and cypresses, which are otherwise only found in the Mediterranean region, and testify to the fact that it was much warmer in the area.
In 1796 compulsory schooling was finally introduced. The teacher in Heiligenfurth and Seußen was the stone carver Johann Kaspar Meier.
In 1797 Friedrich Wilhelm III. King of Prussia and ruled over the Sechsämterland until 1806. The minister responsible was von Hardenberg in Bayreuth (he later became known through the Stein-Hardenberg reforms in Prussia).
In 1870 the old Klausenteich was created for alum extraction.
In 1875 Haid became an independent municipality. From 1869 to 1875 it belonged to the municipality of Seußen, which had emerged from the dissolved manor of the landed nobility.
In 1876, the Haid Volunteer Fire Brigade was founded on October 25th . The first “commandant” was Georg Tröger, adjutant was Johann Heinrich Steinel. The first director of the fire brigade was Wolfgang Matthes.
From 1939 to 1945 prisoners of war and foreign workers (mainly French) worked on the Haid during the war.
On April 20, 1945, US soldiers stood on the Wart near Thiersheim and shot at the Haid. The Brodmerkel, Purucker (today Mühlmann) properties and the front of the two Tröger houses burned down to the ground.
In 1957 the Catholic branch church in Seußen was inaugurated, in which the Haid Catholics also attend services.
1973 on June 2nd the Haid volunteer fire brigade got a new fire station .
On January 1, 1977, the municipality of Haid was dissolved in the course of the municipal reform and incorporated into the city of Arzberg, with the glassworks and the Katharinenhöhe came to the city of Marktredwitz . Parts of the community were Preisdorf, Steinau, Heiligenfurt, Theresienfeld, Klausen, Hagenhaus, Glashütte and Katharinenhöhe.
The alum work loyal friendship
The alum plant on the Klausen had been a subsidiary of Johann Gottlieb Püttner's vitriol plant, Goldene Adlerhütte, near Wirsberg , since 1792 . Friedrich August Reinsch ran the alum plant in the Klausen as a tenant from 1808 to around 1837. Faithful friendship was in full bloom from 1762 to 1837. Even the great smelter fire of June 16, 1813 did not affect the plant. The leafy brown coal extracted in open pit and shaft mining was burned to extract alum. The residues were boiled and leached in vats. In 1786 there were two two-story main buildings. In 1829 the plant employed five miners and 10 alum boilers.
Due to the lack of water, which had to be used very sparingly, the weathering on the stage could not be accelerated by dousing; the stage, however, was in a free, airy position. On the ground floor, the lye was boiled in five small tin pans and cooled in five larger lead pans, which weighed a total of 388 quintals . Behind the building there was a hut with ten wooden runners of different sizes in which the brine collected. Eleven people delivered eight hundredweight of alum and some red earthenware a week.
The Alaunwerk received by the founders the name of loyalty friendship , but was popularly known as "Klausen". Alexander von Humboldt wrote in great detail about this alum work in his report on the state of mining and metallurgy in the principalities of Bayreuth and Ansbach in 1792. The Püttner Alaunwerk, Loyalty Friendship in Klausen near Seußen, July 24, 1792 . During his first inspection, Humboldt recognized that it was not alum slate that was being mined there, but lignite.
Humboldt emphasized that the shafts, which were up to 28 meters deep, required a lot of carpentry work. The well-planned pit lining with door frame was made from pine wood. The route was conveyed on wooden carts. The material brought to the surface was first spread out on a "Biih" located higher up. In 1799 it was reported that the raw material was already being transported mechanically and mechanically and that a water pipe had been laid in wooden pipes to the stage.
“... the bituminous leaf coal containing a lot of sulfur gravel ... that can be found in the alum-bearing lignite warehouse on the Klausen not far from Arzberg. The foliage schist contains a rich flora, which bears witness to the subtropical character of the vegetation of that time and the considerably warmer climate of this period. "
"At the western end of the valley near Klausen, tertiary coal mined at an altitude of around 515 meters." Later, the buildings of the Treuefreundschaft , Alaunhütte, magazine and residential building were used as a beer tavern and community center. The fire station and the dry hose mast were also located there until 1972. Today only the stage stands out from its surroundings as a wooded hill.
Population development in the community of Haid
- 1910: 268
- 1933: 271
- 1939: 233
- 1987: 81 (only H.)
traffic
A communal road leads to Brand or to the district road WUN 14 / TIR 19 , which leads to Seußen or to the state road St 2176 .
Individual evidence
- ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer GmbH, Stuttgart and Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 700 .
- ↑ http://www.ulischubert.de/geografie/gem1900/gem1900.htm?oberfranken/wunsiedel.htm
- ^ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. District of Wunsiedel. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
- ↑ http://gov.genealogy.net/item/show/HAIAIDJO60CA
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Arzberg | Bergnersreuth | Floor house | Dötschenmühle | Elisenfels | Trout Mill | Garmersreuth | Hagenhaus | Haid | Heiligenfurt | Pebble mill | Klausen | Krippnermühle | Märzenhaus | Oschwitz | Preisdorf | Rosenbühl | Röthenbach | Sand mill | Shaft | Schlottenhof | Sussia | Steinau | Pond mill | Theresienfeld