Minckwitz vineyard

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The historic Minckwitzscher Weinberg winery in the Niederlößnitz district , at Oberen Bergstrasse 30 / 30a / 30b, was one of the most important Radebeul wineries. It is located in the major Saxon site of Lößnitz within the individual site Radebeuler Steinrücke . The "von Minckwitz'sche Weinberg" was listed both in the Saxon fundamental inventory by Gurlitt (1904) and in the German rapid inventory by Dehio (1905) as an architectural and art monument. During the GDR era, the property was listed as a listed ensemble and classified in the highest value group I.

Minckwitz building on Obere Bergstrasse, at the foot of the vineyard

description

House Minckwitz, the manor house
Minckwitzscher Weinberg: Former coach house
Minckwitzscher Weinberg: Lower winegrower's house with former stables
Minckwitz vineyard house
Lower Lusthaus, from the Upper Lusthaus

The entire facility is located between Oberer Bergstrasse (formerly Hohe Gasse) in the south, Finsterer Gasse in the east and north and originally the Gemssteig (formerly Kemnitzgäßchen) in the west; Today, a narrow strip of land with the plot numbers 34-40 is separated from the Gemssteig east of the Gemssteig and taken out of the monument ensemble. The ensemble includes the manor house, pleasure houses, outbuildings as well as the park with bowl fountain from around 1880 and the vineyard of Minckwitzscher Weinberg . Today, all of them are listed as a historical entity under monument protection ( ensemble protection ). Moreover, the entire open and green area applies including the relevant vineyard, in the conservation area Historic vineyard landscape Radebeul are, as work of gardening and landscaping .

Due to the division of the property, the mansion and the Niedere Lusthaus ( pavilion ) now belong to house number 30, number 30a form the Remise and the large pavilion ( upper pleasure house ), while number 30b form the two left side buildings on Oberen Bergstrasse.

While the Weinberghaus (upper pleasure house) at about 203  m above sea level. NHN height, the Obere Bergstrasse is in front of the manor house at about 141  m above sea level. NHN , which is about 60 meters above sea level at a distance of about 180 meters. The vineyard that only begins behind the flatter park extends from 160  m above sea level. Above sea level at 195  m Above sea ​​level at a distance of 70 meters; this corresponds to a steep slope of 50% or 26 °.

Mansion

The mansion (now House Minckwitz ) is a two-storey residential building with high, ziegelgedecktem hipped roof , the traufständig only slightly recessed in the streetscape is the Upper Mountain Road. In the street view, it shows seven regularly lined up window axes on the upper floor; on the ground floor the three central axes are taken up by a large, arched portal with a keystone . In the roof above there is a three-axle dwelling , also with a hipped roof, with a small bat dormer on each side . In the right side view there is a two-storey veranda .

The facades are simply plastered and painted yellow, they are structured by corner pilasters and cornices . There are wine trellises in front of the ground floor, the windows on the upper floor are framed by blue-green shutters . The coloring gives a "southern impression".

Inside is behind the archway entrance hall, from which the lying on the ground floor press room with the wine press and a cellar door which contained including wine cellar could be reached. The owner's summer apartment was on the upper floor. It was not until the renovations in 1909 that the building became a residential building . Some baroque stucco ceilings have been preserved.

The manor house was repaired in the 1970s and fundamentally refurbished at the end of the 1990s. The ground floor including the entrance hall was expanded in 2006, so that three generations of the family can now live in the house.

Remise

Connected to the left of the manor house, set back from the street, is the coach house built in 1877 by August Große , now also a residential building . The modest, two-story building with a flat roof closes off the courtyard on the mountain side. On the ground floor there are three arched arcades on pillars in which carriages and wagons were housed. The upper floor is structured by pilaster strips.

In front of the coach house, at the front of the road, between two pillars with spherical crowns, there is a door system, with a door on both sides in the surrounding wall.

The former coach house has also been converted into a residential building.

Lower winegrower's house with former stables

Adjacent to the left of the Remise, but again directly on the street, there is a simple, two-story building with a hipped roof, marked with Kober's initials and dated 1727. Its narrow side faces the street. The roof of the originally single-storey vintner's house , along with the construction of the upper floor, was also raised by August Große in 1877. To the left of this side building there is another, but only single-storey residential building with a gable roof that faces the street on the eaves. The walls of the plastered building from 1727 are made of sandstone. There are wine trellises in front of the ground floor.

The enclosure of the narrow front yard before the building side is provided by a picket fence between sandstone pillars.

Minckwitzsches Weinberghaus (Upper Lusthaus or Belvedere)

At the top of the mountain, in the western part of the property at the highest point, is the Minckwitzsche Weinberghaus . The two-storey vineyard pavilion, built as a pleasure house, has an approximately square floor plan, with a tent roof on top . It was built on a terrace surrounded by a wall. A flight of stairs leads to the terrace.

On the mountain side there is a flight of stairs to the upper floor, which contains the ballroom. In the basement there is a barrel vault with stone benches along the walls.

Above the entrance to the pavilion there is a cartouche with Kober's coat of arms, and the weather vane dates it to 1729.

Lower Lusthaus (Lower Pavilion)

The "delightful" Niedere Lusthaus is an octagonal, plastered half-timbered building with a tiled roof that is halfway up the mountain in the east of the property. He wears a weather vane that shows Kober's initials DCCK and the year 1713.

history

Koberscher Weinberg, plan from 1714
Minckwitz vineyard property , 1901. In the foreground Clauss House (2nd from left)
Minckwitzsches Weinberghaus on the top of the vineyard of the same name

Altenberg , owned by Hans Müntzmeister, between Winzerstrasse, Finsterer Gasse and Gemssteig, appears in the Dresden city register in 1407. In 1412 Margrave Friedrich the Peaceful lent the Altenberg and Taschen vineyards to the Council of Dresden.

In 1685 the Miers heirs sold the vineyard “the bag” to Dr. Heinrich Erndel . It is noted that the bag was located “on Hausgasse” (i.e. on today's Winzerstraße). The personal physician of Elector Johann Georg III. (1647–1691) & IV. (1668–1694) of Saxony, Dr. Heinrich Erndel on Berreuth near Dippoldiswalde and Mulda near Freiberg (born June 17, 1638 in Dresden † September 13, 1693 in Dresden) suffered in the same year of the death of his wife Sophia Elisabeth Erndel née. Ratke (* July 8, 1642 in Dresden † June 10, 1685 at Gut Berreuth near Dippoldiswalde). Her father, Martin Ratke (also Rathke) died on September 10, 1660 as Elector Johann Georg I and II of Saxony, secret valet.

In 1693, Dr. Heinrich Erndel's 4th daughter Johanna Sophia Kober his vineyard. On June 23, 1704 she died in the "Erndelische und Bussiussischen Weinbergs-Haus" after her newborn son, Johann Christian Kober, died there on June 15, 1704 immediately after the birth and baptism. Her sister Christina Sophia Fischer geb. Erndel was married to the royal Polish & kursächs. Landrentmeister Christian August Fischer, who also owned a vineyard in the Hoflößnitz corridor. Johanna Sophia Kober b. Erndel had been with the Dresden lawyer Dr. Caspar Christian Kober (born July 9, 1663 in Naumburg; † September 11, 1738 in Dresden) married. Kober inherited the property (later Koberberg ) in 1704 and enlarged it by purchasing additional vineyard properties . He surrounded the property in 1713 with approximately one thousand meters long, one and a half to three meters high wall, making him the French model to a Clos . In the same year he built the Lower Pavilion ( Niederes Lusthaus ), an octagonal, plastered half-timbered building halfway up the mountain with a weather vane bearing Kober's initials DCCK and the year 1713. This was followed by the manor house on Obere Bergstrasse in 1713/1714; At that time, today's typical appearance of a baroque , Saxon winery from the 18th century was largely created .

Coat of arms on the vineyard house, including the date 1729

In 1724 the Obere Winzerhaus followed on Finsteren Gasse ( Winzerhaus Erdmann , in foreign ownership since 1933), in 1727 a side building ( Lower Winzerhaus with stables) was added to the west of the manor house and in 1729 the Obere Lusthaus was built , also Minckwitzsches Weinberghaus or Belvedere, a two-story building Construction on the edge of the steep slope. This is connected to the manor house by a staircase made of 230 sandstone steps. Kober had a prayer room built for himself and his relatives in the church in Kötzschenbroda . Later he and his two wives Johanna Sophia geb. Erndel and Anna Maria geb. Gutbier erected a memorial there.

From 1762, the winery belonged to Christiane Johanna Weinartin nee Krause, a daughter of pastor Christian Friedrich Krause (born July 18, 1683 in Fremdiswalde; † May 10, 1765 in Dohna) and Caspar Christian Kober's sister Johanna Christiane Krause, nee. Kober, married on June 16, 1750 in Dohna to the theologian Benjamin Gottfried Weinart . From this her son, the financial procurator, historian and bibliographer Benjamin Gottfried Weinart , took over the property named in the contract called Hausberg in 1797 for 4,000  thalers , which he renamed Weinartsruhe shortly afterwards . Due to a plagiarism lawsuit against Weinart, Weinartsruhe and all "accessories" were forcibly auctioned off in 1810 on account of debt. After more than 150 years in the possession of the Ratke / Erndel & Bussius / Kober / Weinart family, the property passed into the possession of Baron von Müller. In the following years the strip of land east of the Gemssteig was cut off.

In 1825 the Clos went to Caroline Friedericke Sophia von Bredow. As a result, the former head forester, district administrator and later director of the Saxon wine-growing company Henning August von Bredow († July 13, 1832, buried in the churchyard in Kötzschenbroda ) took his retirement home there with his wife, two sons and two daughters. From 1827 he successfully produced sparkling wines there from loessnitz grapes , years before the well-known Niederlößnitz factory for sparkling wines , the second oldest sparkling wine producer in Germany. Von Bredow could only half complete a book on oenology by the time he died. In 1845, the essay Der Weinbau im Kingdom Sachsen, in its previous and present form, was published by Henning August von Bredow (Bredow's 1830 lecture to the Viticulture Society). By 1850 the estate had a size of 6  acres, 284  square rods (3.84 hectares). There was also a 72  ells (about 41 meters) long wine greenhouse in which orange and orange trees were overwintered.

In 1853 the winery came into the possession of the von Minckwitz family . As a result, Henriette von Minckwitz nee Vierhoff, married to the Privy Councilor and Chamberlain August von Minckwitz , took over the property by buying adjacent vineyards. In 1877 the coach house was built in the courtyard behind the manor house and an intermediate building from the manor house to the winegrower's house, and the roof of the manor house was raised. The royal chief forester and chamberlain Hans Friedrich von Minckwitz , who took over the property in 1888 together with his wife Elisabeth, born Countess zu Münster , had the roof of the manor house extended in 1909 by the builder F. A. Bernhard Große and other outbuildings repaired. The extensive park with avenues is now covered with old trees.

Between 1885 and 1888 the vineyards fell victim to the phylloxera disaster and the vines were cleared and burned. In the following period the vineyard became overgrown. He was not taken into account in the revival by oenologist Carl Pfeiffer .

Minckwitzscher Vineyard: The work of landscape and garden design protected steep slopes (average slope) of the cooperative, below the vineyard house
Minckwitzscher Vineyard: The work of landscape and garden design protected park below the steep slopes

From 1934 the painter and Radebeul honorary citizen Paul Wilhelm had his studio in the Upper Lusthaus , now also called Minckwitzsches Weinberghaus , for whose long-term “careful renovation” the client received the 1997 Radebeul Builder Prize.

Even during the GDR era, the property was not expropriated. In 1953 Elisabeth von Minckwitz bequeathed the property to relatives who were almost the only ones in the family who had stayed in the GDR. The once uniform vineyard area was divided among their children. The sister received the eastern part with the manor house, lower pleasure house and garden land. The brother received the western part of the property with the coach house and the upper pleasure house . The left building ensemble (side building) was sold to an architect in 1974.

The middle vineyard slope (1.2 hectares) had to be handed over to the Saxon Winzergenossenschaft Meißen in 1986 due to state requirements , which in turn leased it to 10 recreational winemakers . In the meantime, the vineyard community v. Minckwitz'scher vineyard revived and became a model vineyard for the Meissen cooperative. Due to the vineyard's special terroir of weathered syenite rock and its pronounced southern steep slope, one of the cooperative's top wines is only made from grapes from the Minckwitz vineyard every year. One of the two Saxon wine princesses 2011/2012 also cultivates a parcel of this vineyard. And the family members of Minckwitz have meanwhile opened up space around the two summer houses.

The vineyard house and the garden have been rented for celebrations since 1996. In the summer months offers tavern on Saxon wine. To the right of the gate to the middle slope is a plaque with the history of the vineyard estate since 1407, the conclusion that the winery is a lot of joy, and the motto:

"Do you have an enemy - wish him a large, steep vineyard!"

literature

Web links

Commons : Minckwitzscher Weinberg  - Collection of Images

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Large district town of Radebeul (ed.): Directory of the cultural monuments of the town of Radebeul . Radebeul May 24, 2012, p. 29 f . (Last list of monuments published by the city of Radebeul. The Lower Monument Protection Authority, which has been located in the Meißen district since 2012, has not yet published a list of monuments for Radebeul.).
  2. ↑ Volker Helas (arrangement): City of Radebeul . Ed .: State Office for Monument Preservation Saxony, Large District Town Radebeul (=  Monument Topography Federal Republic of Germany . Monuments in Saxony ). SAX-Verlag, Beucha 2007, ISBN 978-3-86729-004-3 , p. 235–236 and enclosed map .
  3. ^ A b Matthias Donath, Jörg Blobelt (photos): Sächsisches Weinland . Historic wineries and vineyard houses in the Elbe Valley. 1st edition. Redaktions- und Verlagsgesellschaft Elbland, Dresden 2010, p. 152-156 .
  4. ↑ Barbara Bechter, Wiebke Fastenrath u. a. (Ed.): Handbook of German Art Monuments , Saxony I, Dresden District . Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich 1996, ISBN 3-422-03043-3 , p. 736 .
  5. ↑ Milestones from the chronicle of the Minckwitz vineyard ( Memento from July 13, 2004 in the Internet Archive )
  6. ↑ Funeral sermon to Dr. Heinrich Erndel.
  7. ↑ a b Funeral sermon to Sophia Elisabeth Erndel geb. Ratke.
  8. ↑ a b Ev. Luth. Kötzschenbroda church burial register.
  9. ↑ Wedding register of the church trip Dohna. Year 1750, p. 28, no. 21.
  10. ↑ Frank Andert: "Weinarts Ruhe" in the Lößnitz. (PDF; 99 kB) Part 44. In: www.stadtapotheke-radebeul.de. 2010, accessed on December 27, 2010 (Kötzschenbrodaer Histories, July / August 2010 edition).
  11. ↑ a b New nekrolog der Deutschen ..., Volume 10
  12. ↑ Henning August von Bredow: Viticulture in the Kingdom of Saxony, in its previous and present condition. In: negotiations and communications of the royal. Saxon. Viticulture company. Agricultural journal. Published by the main agricultural association for the Kingdom of Saxony, in association with the Dresden Economic Society and the Leipzig Economic Society. First year, Arnoldische Buchhandlung, Dresden and Leipzig, 1845, pp. 170–175.
  13. ^ A b Karl Julius Hofmann: The Meissen Netherlands in its natural beauties and peculiarities or Saxon Italy in the Meissen and Dresden areas with their localities. A folk book for nature and patriot friends presented topographically, historically and poetically . Louis Mosche, Meißen 1853. p. 710. ( books.google.de ).
  14. ^ Friedrich August von Minckwitz in Stadtwiki Dresden.

Coordinates: 51 ° 6 ′ 49.2 ″  N , 13 ° 38 ′ 38 ″  E