Henry III. Erndel

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Heinrich Erndel auf Berreuth und Mulda (1638–1693), copperplate engraving by Moritz Bodenehr

Henry III. Erndel (born June 17, 1638 in Dresden ; † September 13, 1693 ibid) was the personal physician of Elector Johann Georg III. zu Sachsen (1647–1691) and Johann Georg IV. zu Sachsen (1668–1694) and one of the first health reformers in Germany.

Career

Youth and Studies

University of Leipzig around 1900
The Nuremberg University of Altdorf (1714)

He was born as the second and youngest son of the personal physician Heinrich II. Erndel on June 17, 1638 in Dresden, who died on July 25, 1646 in Oschersleben . His grandfather was Heinrich I. Erndel (baptized on July 15, 1569 in Regensburg ; buried on June 15, 1623 in Wolfenbüttel ), imperial body and court pharmacist in Prague . The great-grandfather was the Regensburg pharmacist Mattis (also Mattäus) Erndl (* around 1535 in Neuburg an der Donau , where he was a pharmacist from 1563 to 1564; † 1587 in Regensburg), owner of the local Mohrenapotheke .

The brothers Christian Erndel (* July 18, 1636 in Dresden; † November 6, 1678 in Dresden), later doctor of both rights and legal counsel in Dresden, and Heinrich Erndel in the Easter Mass, April 1654, were registered as non-sworn in Students at the University of Leipzig . Heinrich first studied humanism, then medicine. He was advised by his first cousin, Isaac Leickher (born November 11, 1616 in Augsburg , † 1684 in Dresden ), heir to Lindau, electoral Saxon bailiff in Leipzig, later electoral court and justice councilor. Heinrich and Christian were in Leipzig for 4½ years until the Michaelis Fair in 1657.

Together with his brother Christian, Heinrich went to the University of Altdorf as a medical student on October 12, 1657 , where he was appointed Dr. med. to get a doctorate.

Working life

View of Dresden around 1650 (Merian)

From 1659 to 1662 he was a practicing doctor in Dresden. An appointment was made on July 10, 1662 (whether as a personal or other doctor is unknown) from Reinhard Dietrich Reichsgraf von Taube (* 1627 - January 6, 1681 in Bautzen) to Frankenthal , Electoral Saxon Court and Justice Councilor, Chancellor, Chief Tax Director and Privy Council. On September 28, 1666 he was appointed City Physicist of the City of Dresden. He was paid “80 guilders a year in gold, if you are to be given quarters from the Lazareth Cassa, promised and approved as a salary, want to take him with the usual free apartment, so arranged for his occupancy and free to use him according to his use stand, fed, as well as twelve thalers to wood from our Cammer annual. "

Queckbrunnen (first mentioned in 1461)

In addition to his work as a doctor at the military hospital or city hospital, at the poor hospitals, the orphanage and foundling house, the Kreuzschule and the prisons, he audited the pharmacies twice a year, checked the doctors who had doctorates at foreign academies and the midwives and kept watch that the surgeons and quackery did not treat internal diseases. He supervised that there were no offenses in the medical guild and gave reports if anything was reprimanded by the council. As early as 1672, when there was no thought of a plague, he complained about the poor well conditions in the city and in his petition pointed out the danger for the inhabitants if a siege or even an epidemic should hit the city. The council ordered a well census and Erndel examined the water. The result was so unfavorable that over 70 wells had to be closed and new wells had to be dug on the fortress, otherwise the crew would have been without water one day. No such activity of a district doctor was recorded or mentioned anywhere in the files before 1672.

As a city doctor, in 1679 and 1680, when the Bubonen plague raged in Hungary during the campaign, he headed the Dresden plague commission and gave extensive, even from today's perspective, meaningful instructions to reduce diseases. On September 10, 1679 he published a plague report. After this extensive work, he drafted a plague order without delay, which was discussed in the medical college and adopted without any particular change. The electoral government had it printed immediately and published it by having it posted ex officio in all suitable places in the country and sending it to all neighboring governments. The Pest Ordinance, which very briefly reflects the views of Erndel already expressed earlier, consisted of 14 points, which concern the traffic of people from contagion areas, 15 points, which contain the measures to be taken in the case of Pest in the country, of a further 22 points, which deal with the regulations to be observed in infected places, and finally from 12 points that precisely stipulate the disinfection after the plague has passed. After he had provided both the government and the population with a complete education, he trained his subordinate people and waited in the hope that the city would be spared from the plague.

Pest in Marseille (1720)
Berreuth Castle (around 1910)

But the plague reached Dresden in 1680. Of the not yet 40,000 inhabitants of the residence, about 8,000 people died from March up to November 9, 1680, that is the fifth part. The year 1680 went down in history as the largest relative death year for Dresden to date. After four weeks there had been no deaths from the plague and no new illnesses, Erndel received a vacation in December. Since his assistant, Licentiat Laurentius Theil, had died of the plague, he handed over the supervision of the disinfection of the houses, which were always closed for six weeks, to the plague doctor Troppaninger and traveled to Dippoldiswalde. On the Sunday in front of the church, he was asked about the plague by the town's dignitaries chatting on the church square. Even if the residence was now free of pests, he replied, in summer, when nature was more powerful, the poisons in clothes and beds could again become a danger. A citizen of Freiberg had heard these words and reported them immediately to his hometown. Thereupon the city of Freiberg blocked all trade and change with the residence. When Erndel wanted to return, he had to stop on the advice of his friends in the Lößnitz, where he owned a vineyard with a vineyard house "the bag" in Kötzschenbroda, because the Dresden mob was waiting for him at the gate to give him a reception with stones and to prepare similar greeting objects. He asked the elector for help by assuring that he had always only told the full truth. The elector sent him a pennon of riders, under whose protection he reached his home. The subsequent investigation showed that no one wanted to be harassed and that the quarter masters and other scandal-makers had done nothing at all. These ugly insults, which he often had to put up with due to the lack of understanding of the population after the danger has now been resolved, may have caused him to quit the physics position. He stayed in town as a general practitioner and supported his successor in the small epidemic of 400 cases that recurred in the spring of 1681. His successor was the physicist Pollmar from Meissen, after the doctors from Dresden's Wiegner, Krahmer, Schumann, Dornblüth and Göppert had rejected them, probably deterred by the superhuman workload they knew.

On April 30, 1684 he was appointed personal physician to Elector Johann Georg III. to Saxony , the Electress Anna Sophie ("Our heart-beloved consort") and both princes. The appointment document makes no reference to the other two personal physicians, Birnbaum and Morgenstern, but only assigns him the usual salary of 500 guilders from April 1st without delivery of firewood. At this time Erndel was already enfeoffed with the Berreuth manor near Dippoldiswalde . His wife Sophia Elisabeth died there. Ratke on June 10, 1685. The castle in Berreuth burned down in 1946/47 when it was inhabited by refugees.

  • Appointed on April 30, 1684

  • Johann Georg III. (1647-1691)

  • Anna Sophia (1647-1717)

  • August the Strong (1670–1733)

  • Appointment on September 17, 1691

  • Johann Georg IV. (1668-1694)

In 1685 Erndel accompanied Crown Prince Johann Georg IV of Saxony (1668–1694) to France and in 1686 to the Spanish Netherlands, then to England and Holstein. His language skills were very helpful. Erndel once accompanied the Electress to Büdingen, where she was on the cure. He accompanied Elector Johann Georg III. on his campaigns in 1687 to Holland, in 1689 in the Reich and the siege of the city of Mainz and then again in 1691 in the Reich, where Johann Georg III. Died in Tübingen in 1691. Johann Georg III. instructed his chamber master and the land rent master on July 30, 1689 from the field camp near Mainz, Erndel because of the care of his sons Johann Georg and Friedrich August and the resulting additional costs 25 thalers. to be paid additionally per month. The claim arose from May 1st, although this was probably meant retrospectively, and should be paid by the end of the campaign.

Elector Johann Georg III took it over together with his colleague Abraham Birnbaum and Johann Ernst Morgenstern . in Saxony on September 17, 1691 as personal physician. "Every salary like this on September 17th: 500 Fl."

Johann Andreas Eisenbarth at the age of 54 (copper engraving [cropped] by AB König [Berlin] from 1717)
Mulda manor around 1860

On February 8, 1693, he wrote an examination report approving the oculist Johann Andreas Eisenbarth (born March 27, 1663 in Oberviechtach ; † November 11, 1727 in Münden ). Based on verifiable certificates from the years 1691 and 1692 in Electoral Saxony, Johann Andreas Eisenbarth felt encouraged to submit a written application for a privilege to Elector Johann Georg IV . Eisenbarth hoped for a new field for his activity in Kursachsen in order to surpass the previous areas. The city council of Leipzig demanded that the healed be shown. In Dresden, on the other hand, they insisted on a theoretical and practical test in front of a medical college of experienced doctors. The examination committee consisted of Heinrich III. Erndel and the city physician Martin Schurig (1656–1733). Also present was the elector's chief bailiff of Dresden, Johann Siegmund Leister (born November 8, 1637 in Dresden, † September 3, 1696 in Dresden), who became the guardian of his children in the same year. Erndel called Leister “brother-in-law and godfather”. Leister's mother was Elisabeth Vollhardt. He was therefore a first cousin of Erndel's wife. It is possible that Heinrich Erndel's late wife Sophia Elisabeth Ratke had a sister who was married to Leister if he was actually a brother-in-law and not just a cousin. At Eisenbarth's insistence, his examination took place successfully on January 27, 1693. The examination report contained the examination of the entire range "of his previous art, which, according to him, consists of cataracts and other eye diseases, deafness and other ear complaints, stone and fractures, all sorts of wounds, cancer and fistulated damage, including growths ...". The examiners found “that he gave a good and sufficient answer in all these points, including the anatomical knowledge necessary for this, also understood the associated enchireses [encheiresis = operation] or manipulations and to encounter those coincidences that often occur internally in such operationalibus gewust. ”The two examiners also praised the“ new, comfortable Stahr needle ”presented by Eisenbarth as his invention.

Although Oberamtmann Leister had already sent the examination report with approval to the Elector of Saxony on February 8, 1693, Eisenbarth only received the long-awaited privilege of the Electorate of Saxony on January 27, 1694 as official ID for his cures. Medical historiography in Saxony still has no answer (probably belatedly due to Erndel's death) as to why people in the state capital of Electoral Saxony hesitated so long. Eisenbarth was so angry about this inexplicable delay that he never visited Dresden again. But he drew a benefit from it: When Elector August the Strong (1670–1730) was also crowned King of Poland in 1697, Eisenbarth also claimed this increase in status and from then on also called himself “Elector Saxon and Royal Polish privileged medicus ”.

In July 1693 the manor Mulda near Freiberg "with Vorwerk, the forest on the Eppen river, the Bienleite, the high shot, two grinding mills and a board mill, ponds, construction and other services, compulsory servants and fishing" was enfeoffed to Erndel. Since he died in September, his children's guardians had sold the property soon after. Erndel died on September 13, 1693 in Dresden of "Podagra ( gout , probably inherited from his father), Chiragra, malo Ischiatico". The funeral took place on September 21, 1693 in the Frauenkirche, where he was also buried. He left two sons and five daughters who had guardians. The hereditary manors Berreuth near Dippoldiswalde and Mulda near Freiberg were sold.

family

Erndel coat of arms

Henry III. Erndel's parents were Heinrich II. Erndel , (born April 7, 1595 in Regensburg , † July 25, 1646 in Oschersleben ), personal physician to Elector Johann Georg I of Saxony , married to Dorothea in Sanct Annaberg since 1630 . Dirleber born Hübner von Sonnleuthen (* around 1595 in Prague; † January 12, 1667 in Dresden), a daughter of Benedikt Hübner von Sonnleuthen (* around 1570 in St. Joachimsthal ; † after 1621), mint master in Prague and Bergrat in the Kingdom of Bohemia , and Lucia born Hartlebin von Angelshausen (baptized on 4th Advent in 1579 in St. Joachimsthal; † 1652). Erndel was a stepson of Daniel Balthasar Dirleber (* in Kuttenberg ; † 1621-1630), imperial mint master in Prague.

Erndel married Sophia Elisabeth Erndel born on September 4, 1665 in Dresden . Ratke (* July 8, 1642 in Dresden, † June 10, 1685 in Berreuth ), a daughter of the prematurely deceased parents Martin Ratke, the Electors Johann Georg I and II of Saxony secret valet, and Anna Maria Ratke used. Kretzschmar born Vollhardt (born July 14, 1614 in Dresden, † October 14, 1664 in Dresden).

Twelve children resulted from the marriage:

  1. Heinrich IV. Erndel (* July 2, 1666 in Dresden, † March 6, 1670 in Dresden), buried in the Frauenkirche there;
  2. Sophia Elisabeth Erndel (born July 19, 1667 in Dresden; † February 4, 1670 in Dresden), buried in the Frauenkirche there;
  3. Maria Sophia Erndel (* around 1668 in Dresden), married to Johann George Seidel (* February 18, 1658 in Zschopau , † April 13, 1739 in Meißen ), buried in the church of St. Afra , where he worked as a deacon ;
  4. Christian Gottlob Erndel (born May 13, 1669 in Dresden; † August 16, 1670 in Dresden), buried in the Frauenkirche there;
  5. Sophia Elisabeth Erndel (* around 1670 in Dresden; † between June 10, 1685 and September 13, 1693 in Dresden);
  6. Heinrich Gottlob Erndel (* & † around 1670 in Dresden);
  7. Dorothea Sophia Erndel (* around 1674 in Dresden; married to Johann Carl Heun, electoral Saxon captain; † between January 7 and 10, 1722 in Dresden);
  8. Christian Heinrich Erndel (* 1676 in Dresden , † March 17, 1734 in Dresden, buried in Fischer's Schwibbogen on the Alter Annenfriedhof ), personal physician to August the Strong , also botanist and meteorologist in Dresden and Warsaw , author of books on botany and the journey through Europe and Great Britain with August the Strong, married to Dorothea Salome NN (* around 1707; buried in the Frauenkirche in Dresden on September 7, 1755);
  9. Johanna Sophia Erndel (born August 17, 1677 in Dresden; † June 23, 1704 in the Erndelischen & Bussiussischen Weinberghaus in Kötzschenbroda, buried in the St. John's Cemetery in Dresden, later in the hereditary burial in the church of Kötzschenbroda ), married to the Lawyer Caspar Christian Kober, who inherited a vineyard near Kötzschenbroda from her, today called Minckwitzscher Weinberg , (* July 9, 1663 in Naumburg , † September 11, 1738 in Dresden , buried in the church of Kötzschenbroda);
  10. Christina Sophia Erndel (* around 1679 in Dresden; † between 1739 and 1767 in Dresden), married to the royal Polish & Electoral Saxon. Landrentmeister, chamber assistant and mining assistant Christian August Fischer († September 1739);
  11. Magdalena Sophia Erndel (* around 1680 in Dresden; † before September 15, 1734 in Dresden), married to the royal Polish and Electoral Saxon assigned coin guard of the Upper Saxon district, Johann Georg Schomburg (* around 1672; † October 1745 in Dresden , buried on October 9, 1745 in the Sophienkirche, ibid);
  12. Christian Friedrich Erndel (* 1683 in Dresden; † January 23, 1767 in Dresden-Neustadt ), royal Polish and electoral Saxon major general in the engineering corps , buried in the Fischer arch on the old Annenfriedhof .

Honors

Surnamed I. Critobolus Heinrich Erndel was born on March 10, 1690 in the German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina added.

literature

  • New archive for Saxon history and antiquity. Edited by Dr. Hubert Ermisch, K. Archives Councilor. Volume sixteenth. Dresden, 1895. Wilhelm Baensch, publishing house. XI. Dr. med. Heinrich Erndel, City Physician of Dresden. From Dr. med. Eugen Sachs in Dresden. Pp. 292-306.
  • Andreas Lesser: The Albertine personal physicians before 1700 and their relationship to physicians and pharmacies. Michael Imhof Verlag, Petersberg 2015, ISBN 978-3-7319-0285-0
  • Johann Daniel Ferdinand Neigebaur : History of the imperial Leopoldino-Carolinische German academy of natural scientists during the second century of its existence. Friedrich Frommann, Jena 1860, p. 198 .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Matriculation of the University of Leipzig, vol. 2, p. 96, 1909.
  2. ↑ Register of the University of Altdorf, Vol. 1, No. 9766.
  3. ↑ Disputation Inauguralis de Singultu Quam, Auspice Deo Ter. Opt. Max. Jubnte Amplissima Facultate Medica, In Alma Altorfina, Pro Summis in Arte Consequendis Honoribus et Privilegus, Publica disquisitione subseries, HENRICUS ERNDL, Dresdensis, In Auditorio Welseriano, Horis Maynt, Ad. d. June 16, Anni 1659, Altdorfi, Typis Georgi Hagen, Universicutis Typographi.
  4. ↑ Valentin König: Genealogical Nobility History. Vol. 2, Leipzig 1729; W. von Boetticher, history of the Upper Lusatian nobility and its goods 1635-1815, vol. 2, Görlitz 1913, p. 954; C. Heinker, The Burden of the Office - the Dignity of the Title. The electoral secret council in the 17th century, Leipzig 2015, funeral sermon by Heinrich Erndel, 1694, Dresden.
  5. ^ Archives of the City of Dresden F XVI, 1, Bl. 199 ff.
  6. ↑ a b c Dr. Hubert Ermisch, K. Archivrat (ed.): New archive for Saxon history and antiquity . Sixteenth volume. Wilhelm Baensch, publishing bookstore. XI. Dr. med. Heinrich Erndel, City Physician of Dresden. From Dr. med. Eugen Sachs in Dresden. Dresden 1895, pp. 292-306.
  7. ^ Sächsisches Staatsarchiv Dresden, Bestallungsbuch 1684 10036 Finanzarchiv, Loc. 32968, Rep. LI, No. 1918z Appointment as body medicus.
  8. ↑ Saxon State Archive Dresden, 100036 Finanzarchiv, Loc. 33346, Rep. LI, No. 1968 Appointment as Leib-Medicus
  9. ↑ Ärzteblatt Sachsen 12/2013 at www.slaek.de.
  10. ↑ Saxon State Archive Dresden, 10036 Finanzarchiv, Loc. 37752, Rep. XLIII Frauenstein No. 13 & 2, 10080 Lehnhof Dresden, No. O 05634, 10024 Privy Council, Loc. 09894/12.
  11. ↑ Baptismal register 1560-1593 Church of St. Joachimsthal, page 136
  12. ^ Funeral sermon by Sophia Elisabeth Erndel geb. Rathke, author: Lucius, Christian, 1627–1690, Dresden: Baumann, 1685. ( online )
  13. ↑ Descriptive representation of the older architectural and art monuments of the Kingdom of Saxony. With the participation of the K. Saxon Antiquities Association. Published by the K. Saxon Ministry of the Interior. 39. Issue: Meißen (city, suburbs, Afra Freiheit and Wasserburg) edited by Cornelius Gurlitt. Dresden. On commission at CC Meinhold & Sons. 1917.
  14. ↑ Dresden weekly timesheet signature 2.1.3.C.XXI.20-28
personal data
SURNAME Erndel, Heinrich III.
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Erndl, Heinrich; Erndtel, Heinrich
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Personal physician to Elector Johann Georg III. and Johann Georg IV of Saxony, health reformer
DATE OF BIRTH June 17, 1638
PLACE OF BIRTH Dresden
DATE OF DEATH September 13, 1693
Place of death Dresden