Christian Friedrich Erndel

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Christian Friedrich Erndel (* 1683 in Dresden ; † January 23, 1767 there ) was a royal Polish and electoral Saxon major general in the engineering corps .

Life

Career

Christian Friedrich Erndel, born 1684, was employed as captain of the fortress buildings in 1718 and advanced to major in 1730, lieutenant colonel in 1735 and colonel in 1742. In 1746 he was given command of the land brigade and exchanged it for the field brigade in 1749. In 1751 he was promoted to major general. Of the campaigns he only took part in the War of the Polish Succession , otherwise he was busy building fortresses. He retired in 1753 and died on January 23, 1767.

Friedrichschlösschen and baroque garden , Großsedlitz near Dresden, around 1723

For Matthäus Daniel Pöppelmann , Erndel in 1726, with the rank of engineer-captain, prepared the floor plan of the manor in Großsedlitz : Inscribed Grund-Riß / Des Ritter Guts Groß Sedlitz / As such in all its purities and boundaries made possible by those all drawn here / Rein-Steine ​​/ Sr . Royal Majesty in Pohlen / and / Chur Princely translucence to Saxony / and indeed to whom most gracious were appointed ...

Development plan for the new town of Ostra (later called Friedrichstadt ) by Christian Friedrich Erndel. "Nov. 28, 1729 is this tear from His Royal. Majt. in Pohlen and Churfürstl. Pass through to Sachßen, signed by Mr. Friedrich August II and graciously ordered to build afterwards, then the streets, as drawn here in red, marked out by me. "

As early as 1670, the Saxon Elector Johann Georg II had issued a decree that a new settlement was to be built on the road between the Ostra Bridge ( Weißeritz ) and the Vorwerk Ostra, which was founded in 1568 to supply the court and the fortress of Dresden . At the instigation of the Saxon Elector and King of Poland, Augustus the Strong, Erndel drew up a development plan in 1729 to give the growing suburb the desired regularity with a uniform street grid . A year later, the elector declared the settlement of Ostra to be "Neustadt" (NeuOstra for short), next to the New Royal Town (Neustadt for short) founded in 1685 under the same name in the Altendresden district on the right bank of the Elbe .

Adolph II Duke of Saxe-Weissenfels

During the War of the Polish Succession (1733-1735), the troops were already concentrated in their districts on April 3, 1733, but the final mobilization order was not issued until June 6. Two corps were set up, the first (14  battalions , 20  squadrons , 18  artillery pieces ) under Infantry General Adolph Herzog von Weißenfels and the reserve corps (7 battalions, 12 squadrons, 12 artillery pieces) under Cavalry General Count Wolf Heinrich von Baudissin . Engineer officers Major Erndel, Captains Naumann, Grodemez, Engineers De la Cacherie, Herrmann, Conductors Neumann and Le Bert were assigned to the 1st Corps. In mid-August, the troops gathered in their camps, the 1st Corps in Lusatia, the Reserve Corps on the Elbe, but the order to advance into Poland was delayed due to political conditions. This time was used to move the reserve to Lusatia and to make preparations for the invasion of Poland. It was necessary to build bridges over the Bober and the Oder . In order to build the bridges, Major Erndel was initially pushed forward to Christianstadt with two engineers and the pontoon company . After the crossing over the Bober had been secured, the work for the Oder bridges at Kleinitz and Milzig began ; the material for the same was collected by imperial commissioners.

Stolpen Castle
Stanislaus I. Leszczynski

Despite Russia's support for the Elector of Saxony, Stanislaus Leszczyński's election as King of Poland went through on September 12 ; but the Russians were already on the march under General von Lacy to force the election of his opponent. Stanislaus left Warsaw and temporarily set up his residence in Danzig , while under the pressure of the Russian army the Elector of Saxony as August III. was proclaimed King of Poland on October 5th. On October 24th, the Duke of Weissenfels received the order to move into Poland with the 1st Corps. In mid-February the fortress of Danzig was therefore enclosed by a Russian corps, and the actual siege began a month later . The participation of the Saxons was absolutely necessary given the small strength of the Russians, but given the not yet calm conditions in Poland, no more than 8,000 men could be made available for this purpose, which on May 25th under the command of the Duke of Weissenfels in front of the fortress arrived. With these troops marched by engineer officers of the Gen.-Quartm.-Lt. Colonel Fürstenhoff, Major Erndel, the captains Krubsatius and Mildner, four engineers and four conductors, as well as the pontoon company.

Jean de Bodt

In the following year, under the direction of Lieutenant General von Bodt , Erndel prepared an appraisal of the defensive structure of the Stolpen fortress .

In the years 1735-1738 Erndel was major in the engineer corps under Lieutenant General Jean de Bodt at the Königstein Fortress . The latter had been employed as head of the engineering corps and director of the fortification and all fortress and military buildings since 1728, a little later the administration of the civil buildings was also transferred to him, as he was cabinet minister and commanding General Wackerbarth because of his many other high positions and voluntarily renounced these offices because of his age. In peacetime the engineers were assigned a wide variety of technical tasks, in addition to fortification, civil construction, surveying, current regulation, agricultural improvement and the like. However, given their large number, not all officers could be employed. Since they only received the waiting allowance in this case, a large number of them had to struggle through life; because the salary was not enough to cover the most necessary expenses. Many helped themselves by getting some extra income from teaching engineering. Most of their students were young noblemen, cadets and pages who did not want to become engineers by profession, but only learned this science out of hobby.

The measurements carried out by the engineers largely concerned the royal estates and domains in Saxony and Poland. In addition to the surveys, the maintenance of the buildings and improvements went hand in hand; Engineer officers were permanently stationed in Poland in order to keep the royal estates in their structural condition, and "to take different measurements with the clergy and other places for better order and certainty". In Saxony it was Hubertusburg in particular that received a great deal of attention, where engineering officers were commanded to “set up the avenues”. In 1736, two captains completed an exact recording and drawing of the suburbs of Dresden for the purpose of regulating them. Later, the inclusion was extended to the Austrian border, in that from December 1733 to summer 1734 four officers under Major Johann Rudolph Fäsch (1680–1749) were in command of the Lower and Upper Lusatia and the Bohemian border. This picture did not extend over the Elbe, since at the outbreak of the First Silesian War no such plans existed and had to be made by Major Erndel. For many years, Colonel Isenbrand was busy “exploring, measuring, weighing and staking out the raft ditches and canal lines from the Merseburg border to the Black Elster , and from there to the Elbe near Nünchritz ”. The Upper Military Building Commission was set up in 1720 to regulate the fortifications and other military buildings. At that time, Saxony still owned houses in fortresses and fortresses: Wittenberg , Pleißenburg , Königstein , Sonnenstein , Stolpen , Torgau , Senftenberg , Freiberg .

Königstein Fortress 1756–1758 by Canaletto

The King-Elector Friedrich August I had dealt a lot with the importance and resilience of the Königstein Fortress in recent years. There is a project written by his hand that aims to fortify the area around the Königstein. In order to prevent a blockade, he wanted to build forts on the heights of the two banks of the Elbe, which have their own garrison and commanders, but are subordinate to the governor of the fortress. The Lilienstein , the Pfaffenstein , the Quirl and the slope of the Königstein were envisaged as points to be filled with such works . The forts were intended to be bastioned squares with trenches carved into the rock and casemates under the wall.

Sonnenstein fortress by Canaletto

However, these plans did not come to fruition, only in 1729 work began on protecting the gate with trench shears. Friedrich August II also turned his attention to the fortification of the Königstein; In 1734 Bodt gave an opinion on the defense of the fortress. He demanded the completion of the envelope from the Johann Georgen bastion to the armory and the escarpment of the rocks to a height of 20 cubits, the construction of casemates and barracks for another 1,000 men, since there was hardly any living space for half of the crew, the vaulting of the well and the facility of powder magazines and supply houses. In the years 1735-1738 these proposals were implemented. Major Erndel was in command as an engineer officer from the field, and under him were three captains, two engineers and a conductor. The overhead line was the colonel. Fürstenhoff transferred. Two of the captains had construction posts on the plateau, the third was in particular responsible for the escarpment of the rocks and the transport of materials. They always had to keep the plans of their building objects up to date and to be present at their building post from morning to night. The two engineers were assigned the position of inspector or deputy. The inspector had to read the workers four times a day while they were working. He was also responsible for the entire accounting and list system, as well as the administration of the building materials. The construction clerk was included to support him. The engineer officer from the field had to report weekly on the work carried out and on the dispositions.

The fortresses Sonnenstein and Wittenberg in the years 1737–1740:

Wittenberg Castle, October 1952

Kasernements were built on the Sonnenstein in the years 1737–1740, as the old barracks, narrow wooden huts “attached to the inner side of the casemated wall”, were completely rotten. It was not worth making them, and Bodt therefore suggested building a three-story barracks on the Elbe front so that the entire garrison could have good and healthy rooms there. The plans were made by Colonel Fürstenhoff, who was also in charge of the building. But nothing happened for the fortresses Stolpen and Wittenberg. Major Erndel visited Stolpen in 1734. He emphasized the sad state of the works and urgently applied for extensive repairs if the fortress buildings and works were not to be completely destroyed in a short time. It was the same with Wittenberg. Walls had collapsed there that repairing the works after the 1737 notice would have cost 15,200 thalers. Since, however, according to de Bodt's report, this sum was by far insufficient, and in spite of the fact that the fortress could not last two hours longer, the repair was omitted; Bodt's suggestion to build detached bastions was also disregarded.

On December 24, 1742 Erndels was appointed Colonel Lieutenan.

In 1742 General-Lt. von Bodt reacted with renewed enthusiasm to the idea of fundamentally reorganizing the engineering corps and setting up a school for training them. The Duke of Weißenfels fully endorsed this execution and passed it on to the king on December 7th. These proposals were then approved by the King-Elector, and on December 21, 1742 the division of the engineer corps into two brigades was ordered. In the following year, the officers, Colonel Erndel and engineer Johann Rehschuh (1710–1786), who had previously been fed at the fortress buildings, were included in the supply budget of the engineer corps, only engineer Steinkirch remained in the old relationship and was retired in 1748.

“In 1744, during the War of the Austrian Succession , when the Second Silesian War threatened to break out, the Elbe Bridge was put into a state of defense for the third time . According to the engineer Colonel Erndtel, a 5 ells high earth traverse was laid across the cruzifix pillar and led down in the form of a track to the old town, but to Neustadt it was covered with a thick brick wall fairly perpendicular to the line. Ten cubits from this wall a second mound was built, clad with a 4½ cubits high brick wall, which was allowed to run too flat after Neustadt. As a result, a literally revetant trench was created over the entire fifth arch, 10 cubits wide and almost 5 cubits deep, over which a striking bridge was laid, in order not to disturb the passage over the bridge, which could be quickly thrown in an emergency. "

  • The crucifix stood on the Elbe bridge from 1670 until the Elbe flood in 1845

  • The only connection around 1750 between Dresden and the former Altendresden

  • Log houses on the Elbe bridge

  • Former entrance to the old town of Dresden from the Elbe bridge

Friedrich August Graf Rutowsky

The march of the Prussians through Saxony in 1744, carried out without the consent of the Saxon government, had naturally increased the concern for the security of the country to the greatest extent and redirected the gaze to the sad state of national defense. The order to arm the fortresses was given in a hurry and work began immediately. The management of the same was in the hands of Major General von Fürstenhoff, who was responsible for the sick General-Lt. von Bodt was in command on an interim basis. Fürstenhoff was therefore already released from the general quartermaster business on March 30, 1742 , since he was supposed to stay permanently in the country "because of his fixtures and fittings in the fortresses and other things." In Dresden-Neustadt, under the direction of chief engineer Colonel Erndel, the old works were restored, the parapet repaired and the openings in the walling closed by sections, a pallisaded bridgehead and a detached work on the Elbe meadows at the Bär to paint the bridge. The fact that these simple earthworks were unable to put the residence in a defensible state emerges from the order of the Duke von Weißenfels to the governor Count Rutowsky on October 1: Dresden should as good as possible in the event of a real attack if batteries were built possible surrender.

In 1751 Erndels was appointed major general in the engineering corps.

Officers uniform around 1745

After General von Bodt in 1745 and his successor General-Lt. von Fürstenhoff had died on July 15, 1753, General-Field Marshal von Routowsky beat Major General of the Cavalry and General Quartermaster Georg Carl Freiherr von Dyherrn (born April 13, 1710 in Silesia; † April 25, 1759 in Frankfurt am Main) as theirs Successor before. On September 28 of the same year he received his instruction and appointment as director of the fortification, also fortress and military buildings. Colonel von Geyer was appointed chief engineer of Dresden to represent Dyherrn in matters of military construction, as Dyherrn also had to continue to run the business as Quartermaster General . A precise instruction dated November 1, 1753 made Geyer aware of his duties and authorizations and issued regulations on military construction in general. Major General Erndel, the oldest officer in the engineering corps, was at the same time completely exempted from duty due to illness, but still received a salary bonus.

Erndel served the Kurhaus Sachsen for over 50 years and died at home in Dresden-Neustadt on January 23, 1767. With him, his entire family died out. He was buried on January 28, 1767 in the St. Annen cemetery in Dresden , in the hereditary burial of the Fischer family in law. His heirs were nieces and nephews, bequeathed children of his three deceased sisters.

The uniform of the engineer officers consisted of a green coat with a silver braid and silver buttons, a red camisole, white trousers, stockings and gaiters, and a black hat. They received a mounting sword at royal expense; When the owner died, it either had to be returned to the corps or had to be paid for with 16 thalers by the relatives.

family

Christian Friedrich Erndel (also Erndl, Erndtel) was born in Dresden in 1683 as the last of twelve children. His parents were Dr. med. Henry III. Erndel (born June 17, 1638 in Dresden , † September 13, 1693 in Dresden), on Berreuth near Dippoldiswalde and Mulda near Freiberg , royal Polish and electoral Saxon personal physician , married since September 4, 1665 in Dresden to Sophia Elisabeth Erndel née. Ratke (born July 8, 1642 in Dresden; † June 10, 1685 in Berreuth), a daughter of Martin Ratke, Elector Johann Georg I and II of Saxony, secret valet.

Erndel coat of arms

As a full orphan he received as guardian Johannes Seebisch (* December 12, 1634 in Zwickau , † 1700 in Dresden ), 1670 archdeacon at the Kreuzkirche and 1697 city preacher in Dresden. Erndel's paternal grandfather, Heinrich II. Erndel (born April 7, 1595 in Regensburg , † July 25, 1646 in Oschersleben , buried in the church there) was the personal physician of Elector Johann Georg I of Saxony . Great-grandfather Heinrich I. Erndel (baptized on July 15, 1569 in Regensburg; buried on July 15, 1623 in the church in Wolfenbüttel ), was the imperial personal and court pharmacist in Prague of Rudolf II, Emperor of the HRR († 1612) and Matthias , Emperor of the HRR († 1619), from whom he received a nobility diploma in 1617 . He was a brother-in-law of Andreas Raselius Ambergensis , husband of Maria Erndl. Heinrich's father Matthis "Mattäus" Erndl was the owner of the pharmacy on the (coal) market in Regensburg - later known as the " Mohrenapotheke ".

Erndel's brother was Dr. Christian Heinrich Erndel (* 1676 in Dresden, † March 17, 1734 in Dresden, buried in Fischer's Schwibbogen on the Alter Annenfriedhof ), personal physician to August the Strong , also botanist and meteorologist in Dresden and Warsaw , author of books on botany and the journey through Europe and Great Britain with August the Strong.

As a brother-in-law, Erndel had:

  1. Johann George Seidel (born February 18, 1658 in Zschopau ; † April 13, 1739 in Meißen ), buried in the church of St. Afra , where he worked as a deacon, married to Maria Sophia geb. Erndel;
  2. the lawyer Dr. jur. Caspar Christian Kober, who owned a vineyard near Kötzschenbroda , today called Minckwitzscher Weinberg , (born July 9, 1663 in Naumburg ; † September 11, 1738 in Dresden , buried in the church in Kötzschenbroda), married in first marriage to Johanna Sophia geb. . Erndel;
  3. Christian August Fischer († September 1739 ), royal Polish and Saxon land rent master, chamber assistant and mountain ridge, married to Christina Sophia b. Erndel; and
  4. the royal Polish and Electoral Saxon appointed coin guard of the Upper Saxon district , Johann Georg Schomburg (* approx. 1672; † October 1745 in Dresden , buried on October 9, 1745 in the Sophienkirche ibid) married to Magdalena Sophia nee. Erndel.

literature

  • History of the Royal Saxon Engineer and Pioneer Corps, (Pioneer Battalion No. 12). Using handwritten and documented sources on behalf of the battalion, edited by Hansch, Premier-Lieutenant, published by the battalion, Dresden 1898. Printed by Johannes Päßler. Uploaded from http://onlinebooks.library.upenn.edu/ on March 10, 2017 to Google Books
  • Wilhelm Schäfer: Chronicle of the Dresden Elbe Bridge, together with the annals of the greatest Elbe floods from the earliest to the most recent . Adler & Dietze, Dresden 1848 ( digitized in the Google book search).
  • Barbara Bechter: The Brühl Garden in Dresden-Friedrichstadt . In: Die Gartenkunst , 19 (2007), No. 1, pp. 1–46 ( online as PDF ; 35 MB)
  • The "Military Revolution" and the German territorial state with special consideration of Brandenburg-Prussia and Saxony's determinants of state consolidation in the European context 1670-1740 ; Inaugural dissertation to obtain a doctorate in philosophy from Faculty 05 at the Justus Liebig University in Giessen, submitted by Thomas Wollschläger MA from Halle ad Saale in 2002; Production and publishing: Books on Demand GmbH, Norderstedt, ISBN 3-8334-2139-8 .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Saxon State Archives, 12884 cards and cracks, no. Schr 010, F 005, No. 001ab
  2. ^ Die Gartenkunst, 19 (2007), No. 1, pp. 1–46, Barbara Bechter, The Brühlische Garten in Dresden-Friedrichstadt
  3. ^ History of the Royal Saxon Engineer and Pioneer Corps, (Pioneer Battalion No. 12). Using handwritten and documented sources on behalf of the battalion, edited by Hansch, Premier-Lieutenant, published by the battalion, Dresden 1898. Printed by Johannes Päßler. Uploaded from http://onlinebooks.library.upenn.edu/ on March 10, 2017 to Google Books
  4. ^ The "Military Revolution" and the German territorial state with special consideration of Brandenburg-Prussia and Saxony. Determinants of State Consolidation in the European Context 1670–1740. Inaugural dissertation to obtain the doctoral degree in philosophy from Faculty 05 of the Justus Liebig University in Gießen presented by Thomas Wollschläger MA from Halle ad Saale in 2002; Production and publisher: Books on Demand GmbH, Norderstedt, ISBN 3-8334-2139-8 , page 81, footnote ( online as PDF ; 3.4 MB).
  5. ^ History of the Royal Saxon Engineer and Pioneer Corps, (Pioneer Battalion No. 12). Using handwritten and documented sources on behalf of the battalion, edited by Hansch, Premier-Lieutenant, published by the battalion, Dresden 1898. Printed by Johannes Päßler. Uploaded from http://onlinebooks.library.upenn.edu/ on March 10, 2017 to Google Books
  6. ↑ Saxon State Archives, inventory 10036, Signature Sp. Rescr. 1743 No. 90, appointment as engineer colonel
  7. ↑ http://www.dresden-und-sachsen.de/register/register_architekten.htm
  8. ^ History of the Royal Saxon Engineer and Pioneer Corps, (Pioneer Battalion No. 12). Using handwritten and documented sources on behalf of the battalion, edited by Hansch, Premier-Lieutenant, published by the battalion, Dresden 1898. Printed by Johannes Päßler. Uploaded from http://onlinebooks.library.upenn.edu/ on March 10, 2017 to Google Books
  9. ^ Wilhelm Schäfer: Chronicle of the Dresden Elbbrücke, together with the annals of the greatest Elbe floods from the earliest to the most recent times . Adler & Dietze, Dresden 1848, p. 91 ( digitized version in the Google book search).
  10. ↑ Sächsisches Staatsarchiv Holdings 10036 Signature Sp. Rescr. 1751 No. 297 appointed major general
  11. ↑ He was released from duty because of his "stupid face", which indicates an eye disease or water head: Hydatoncus. Complicated external and internal water head. More or less dilated pupil, decreased sensitivity of the same, constant inadvertent movement of the eye, stupid, expressionless face, increased or extremely down-tuned and dull hearing. (S-192). Source: Encyclopaedic Dictionary of Medical Sciences, ed. from the professors of the medical faculty in Berlin: from Dietrich-Wilhelm-Heinrich Busch, CF v. Grafe, E. Horn, HF Link, J. Müller, E. Osann. 17th volume. Berlin. Publisher of Veit et Comp. 1838.
  12. ^ History of the Royal Saxon Engineer and Pioneer Corps, (Pioneer Battalion No. 12). Using handwritten and documented sources on behalf of the battalion, edited by Hansch, Premier-Lieutenant, published by the battalion, Dresden 1898. Printed by Johannes Päßler. Uploaded from http://onlinebooks.library.upenn.edu/ on March 10, 2017 to Google Books
  13. ^ Miscellanea Saxonica: in it all sorts of Saxon history ..., Volume 1, Continued new genealogical-historical news from the ..., Volume 67. Leipzig, 1768
  14. ↑ Dresdner Wochenzettel, signature: 2.1.3.C.XXI.20-38
  15. ↑ Saxon State Archive Dresden, 11321 General Court Martial, 1767, Archivalnummer: 12552, Estate of Major General Christian Friedrich Erndel
  16. ↑ Funeral sermon for Heinrich Erndel from file no. 4067 of inventory 20532 Rittergut Rötha with Trachenau, Saxon State Archives, Leipzig
  17. ^ Funeral sermon by Sophia Elisabeth Erndel geb. Rathke, author: Lucius, Christian, 1627–1690, Dresden: Baumann, 1685 http://diglib.hab.de/drucke/lpr-stolb-8761/start.htm
  18. ↑ http://www.archion.de/p/86bff0f9db/
  19. ^ Funeral sermon Heinrich Erndel; Author: Widesburgius, Henricus. Herzog August Bibliothek, Wolfenbüttel, call number I 273a. 4 ° Helmst. (16)
  20. ^ Austrian State Archives, Vienna, signature: AT-OeStA / HHStA RHR Judicialia APA 50-35
  21. ^ Austrian State Archives, Vienna, signature: AT-OeStA / HHStA RHR Grat et Feud Doctors and Medicinal Privileges 3-12
  22. ↑ Otto Titan von Hefner (Ed.): Studbook of the blossoming and dead nobility in Germany ..., Volume 1.
  23. ↑ Erndtel, Christian H .: De flora Japonica, Codice bibliothecae Regiae Berolinensis .... - 1716 • Erndtel, Christian H .: De flora Japonica, Codice bibliothecae Regiae Berolinensis rarissi *. - 1716 • Erndtel, Christian H .: De itinere suo Anglicano et Aatavo annis 1706 et 1707 facto relatio. - 1711 • Erndtel, Christian H .: De itinere suo Anglicano et Batavo annis 1706 et 1707 facta relatio. - 1710 • Erndtel, Christian H .: De itinere suo anglicano et batavo Annis 1706 et 1707 facto Relatio. - 1711 • Erndtel, Christian H .: Disp. med. ex veneno salutem sistens. - [1701] • Erndtel, Christian H .: Diss. De usu historiae naturalis exotico-geographicae in medicina. - 1700 • Erndtel, Christian H .: Itinere suo Anglicano et Batavo relatio. - 1710 • Erndtel, Christian H .: Warsavia physice illustrata. - 1730 • His Warsavia, 1730 tp (Latin ablative) = Autore Christiano Henrico Erndtelio • T027303: his The relation of a journey into England and Holland, in… 1706, and 1707, 1711 tp = By Ch. Ed. Physician in ordinary to the King of Poland
  24. ↑ Descriptive representation of the older architectural and art monuments of the Kingdom of Saxony. With the participation of the K. Saxon Antiquities Association. Published by the K. Saxon Ministry of the Interior. Thirty-ninth issue: Meißen (city, suburbs, Afra Freiheit and Wasserburg) edited by Cornelius Gurlitt. Dresden. On commission at CC Meinhold & Sons. 1917.
  25. ↑ Dresden weekly timesheet signature 2.1.3.C.XXI.20-28
personal data
SURNAME Erndel, Christian Friedrich
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Royal Polish and Electoral Saxon Major General in the Engineer Corps
DATE OF BIRTH 1683
PLACE OF BIRTH Dresden
DATE OF DEATH January 23, 1767
Place of death Dresden