Heinrich von Hess

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Heinrich Freiherr von Hess, lithograph by Joseph Kriehuber 1854
Heinrich Freiherr von Hess, photograph by Ludwig Angerer 1860
Grave of Heinrich von Hess in the Vienna Central Cemetery

Heinrich Hermann Joseph Ritter von Heß , from 1859 Freiherr von Heß (born March 17, 1788 in Vienna ; † April 13, 1870 there ), was an Austrian field marshal .

Life

Hess joined the Austrian army in 1805 and was soon assigned to the Quartermaster General , who used him for trigonometric work . After he had distinguished himself as first lieutenant at Aspern and Wagram , he returned to the staff of the Quartermaster General in 1813 as captain . After the first peace agreement in the course of the wars of liberation in Paris, he was sent to Piedmont with special assignments , when the war broke out again in 1815 (return of Napoleon from Elba) he was promoted to major and deployed in the headquarters of Prince Schwarzenberg .

He then served as Deputy Military Commissioner in Piedmont for two years. When Radetzky received the supreme command in Italy in March 1831 , Hess joined him as chief of the quartermaster's staff. According to Radetzky, he drafted a new maneuvering order for the infantry , cavalry and artillery . It proved itself excellently in the following years.

In 1834 Hess became major general in Moravia , and in 1840 he was appointed head of the quartermaster staff. In 1842 he became chief of the 49th Infantry Regiment, which later bore his name. In 1843 he was appointed field marshal lieutenant .

When the revolution broke out in 1848 , Hess came back to Radetzky's side and led the general staff . In this capacity he concluded the armistice on August 8, 1848 , after which the Piedmontese troops had to withdraw behind the Ticino . In the following campaign in 1849 Radetzky recognized in a daily order the large part of his chief of staff in the victory at Novara . Hess was appointed Privy Councilor and, out of turn, Feldzeugmeister and at the same time the real Chief of the Quartermaster General and Baron at that.

At the end of 1850 Hess was appointed chief of the general staff of the entire army. In the following years he was on several military missions, for example to Warsaw , Saint Petersburg and Berlin . In 1854 he commanded during the Crimean War in Galicia and Transylvania standing Austrian troops, prompting the Russians to evacuate the at the Danube located principalities .

In 1859, during the Sardinian War , Hess was sent to Italy shortly before the Battle of Magenta , but was unable to assert himself with his dispositions. After the lost battle of Solferino he was forced to conclude the armistice of Villafranca with the French . Furthermore, he was promoted to field marshal and commander-in-chief of the army in Italy on July 12, 1859 , and in 1860 - after being relieved of his position as chief of staff - was appointed captain of the satellite guard . Hess was appointed to the Austrian manor house in 1861 .

His first marriage was to Katharina von Hess, and his second marriage was to his niece Anna Baronesse von Diller, his sister's daughter. After the death of his five children in 1854 he adopted his nephew Friedrich, son of the imperial and royal major Georg Freiherr von Diller. Since then, the family has been using the name Hess-Diller with imperial approval. Heinrich Hermann Joseph Freiherr von Heß died on April 13, 1870 in his hometown of Vienna.

Honors

In 1870, Heßgasse in Vienna's Innere Stadt (1st district) was named after him. In 1885 his remains were reburied in an honorary grave designed by Alexander Wielemans von Monteforte in Vienna's central cemetery (group 14 A, number 33).

In St. Pölten there is the command building Field Marshal Hess named after him , where the Lower Austria military command of the Austrian Armed Forces is housed. The 3rd Panzer Grenadier Brigade also carries the Hesserkreuz, which goes back as a tradition to the "Infantry Regiment No. 49 - Field Marshal Lieutenant Heinrich Freiherr von Hess".

plant

  • Manfried Rauchsteiner (Ed.): Heinrich Freiherr von Hess: Writings from the military-scientific estate. With an introduction to his life and the operative thinking of his time (= Bibliotheca rerum militarium . Vol. 41). Biblio-Verlag, Osnabrück 1975, ISBN 3-7648-0865-9 .

literature

Web links

Commons : Heinrich von Heß  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ 3rd Panzer Grenadier Brigade (section on tradition). Federal Army, accessed on September 18, 2018 . also in 50 years of the 3rd Panzer Grenadier Brigade page 3 (pdf)
personal data
SURNAME Hess, Heinrich von
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Hess, Heinrich Hermann Joseph von; Hess, Heinrich Hermann Joseph von; Hess, Heinrich Hermann Joseph Freiherr von (full name); Hess, Heinrich Ritter von
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Austrian field marshal
DATE OF BIRTH March 17, 1788
PLACE OF BIRTH Vienna
DATE OF DEATH April 13, 1870
Place of death Vienna