Hermann Raphael Rodensteen

Hermann Raphael Rodensteen (* around 1525 in Vollenhove ; † July 8, 1583 in Weimar ) was a Dutch organ builder who worked in various European countries from Scandinavia to Austria. From 1559 he settled permanently in Zwickau .

Life

Herman Raphael (szoon) Rottenstein-Pock, Rottenstein, Rötenstein, Rotenstein, Rottenpock have been handed down as name variants. The father Raphael I. Rodensteen († between October 26, 1552 and September 4, 1554) had, in addition to Herman Raphael, the organ builders Gabriel Raphaels (zoon) (* around 1535 in Bolsward ; † after 1607) and Michael Raphaels ( zoon) († April 10, 1593). In Vollenhove, which at that time belonged to the diocese of Utrecht , Raphael I acquired citizenship as an organ builder in 1527. It is unclear from whom Rodensteen learned organ building, but a master from Utrecht is suspected; he later describes himself as coming from "Vollenhove in Utriche Abbey". Rodensteen initially worked from Bolsward in West Friesland .

In 1550 Rodensteen received an order in Denmark to build a new organ in Roskilde Cathedral , which he completed in 1555. During this time he is described as an "honest and humble man" (lüg og beskeen Mand). He built further instruments in Denmark before moving to Zwickau in 1559, where he settled permanently. In that year he married Clara Hofmann († 1594), the daughter of the organist Paul Hofmann. Raphael II., Herman II. And Johanna are proven as children. In 1562 he acquired citizenship in the city. After an illness in 1576, Rodenstein can no longer be verified with any major work.

plant

Rodensteen was an organ builder with an international reputation, as indicated by his orders in many European countries, parallel to the activities of the Scherer family organ builders . In addition to Johann Lange, Rodensteen worked fruitfully in Albertine Saxony from 1559. It is unclear whether he built spring shops or slider shops. Rodensteen created organs in the Renaissance style , the prospectuses of which were richly decorated and had double doors. As a rule, the organs were pedalless. The range of the keyboard probably began not with C, but with F.

In 1554 Rodensteen built a new organ with a Rückpositiv in Roskilde , whose case and three to four flute stops have been preserved. The lower case comes from the previous organ from the 15th century. The Frisian carvers and joiners Per Jensoen from Leeuwarden and Jan van Boelswart from Bolsward and Gregorius von Lübeck designed the prospectus and the gallery balustrade. In 1556 he built a positive and in 1557 a two-manual organ for the Copenhagen Castle Church.

In Zwickau he worked on the organ in St. Marien and traveled to Franconia and Vienna, where he created other organs. It is possible that the organ in the chapel of Sonderburg Castle (around 1570) was made by him. In 1563 he presented the Saxon elector with a draft of an organ with 13 registers, which should enable 78 register combinations. This work was carried out and was replaced by Gottfried Fritzsche from 1610 to 1614 . He also provided register combinations for his organ in Döbeln (1568–1569).

List of works

The Roman number indicates the number of manuals, a capital "P" indicates an independent pedal, a lower-case "p" indicates an attached pedal and the Arabic number in the penultimate column indicates the number of sounding registers.

year	place	building	image	Manuals	register	Remarks
around 1550	Bolsward	Martinikerk		II		since 1991 in the Der Aa-kerk (Groningen); Housing preserved → Organs of Der Aa-kerk (Groningen)
1550-1555	Roskilde	Roskilde Cathedral		II	24	New building including the lower housing from the 15th century; Housing and three to four registers preserved
1556	Denmark			I.		New construction of a positive
1557	Copenhagen	Christiansborg , Castle Church		II / P		New building
1559	Chemnitz	City Church				New building
1561, 1569, 1577	Leipzig	Nikolaikirche				Extension of the organ from 1479
1562	Zwickau	St. Mary's Church				Renovation of the organ by Blasius Lehmann (1542?)
1562	Zwickau	St. Catherine's		I.		New construction of a small organ, which was replaced in 1668
1563	Waldenburg			I.		New building
1563	Dresden	Castle chapel		I.	13	New building; Replaced in 1614 by Gottfried Fritzsche
1564	Nuremberg	Hospital Church				Renovation that includes the renewal of 300 pipes
1564-1565	Willows in the Upper Palatinate	St. Michael				renovation
1565	Kronach	St. Johann Baptist				New building
1566-1567	Vienna	Stephansdom				New construction of a small organ on the organ foot → [Organs of St. Stephen's Cathedral (Vienna)]
1568	Vienna	Citizens Hospital				New building
1568	Vienna	Michaelerkirche				New building
1568-1569	Chub	City Church		I.	9	New building; 1604 replaced
1569-1570	Oelsnitz / Vogtl.	City Church of St. Jakobi		I.	10	New building; Destroyed with the church in 1632
1570	Schweinfurt					New building
1572	Augustusburg	Augustusburg hunting lodge		I.	7th	New building; replaced after 1740
1572-1573	Bayreuth	City Church		I.	11	New building, a Krummhorn retrofitted by Rodensteen; 1596/1597 pedal supplemented by Timotheus Compenius ; not received
1573	Nuremberg	St. Egidien				New building
1577	Leipzig	Nikolaikirche		I.	8th	New construction of a positive, which will be removed in 1693
1578 or 1579	Freiberg	Nikolaikirche		I.	5 or 6	New construction of a positive with 324 pipes

literature

• Douglas E. Bush, Richard Kassel (Eds.): The Organ. To Encyclopedia . Routledge, New York, London 2006, ISBN 0-415-94174-1 , pp. 468–469 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
• Ulrich Dähnert: Historical organs in Saxony. An organ inventory . VEB Deutscher Verlag für Musik, Frankfurt 1980, ISBN 3-920112-76-8 , p. 308 .
• Ernst Flade: Hermann Raphael Rottenstein-Pock. A Dutch organ builder in Zwickau in the 16th century. In: Journal of Musicology. Vol. 15, 1932, pp. 1-24.
• Hans Klotz: About the organ art of the Gothic, the Renaissance and the Baroque. Music, disposition, mixtures, lengths, registration, use of the pianos . 3. Edition. Bärenreiter, Kassel 1986, ISBN 3-7618-0775-9 .
• Uwe Pape , Wolfram Hackel (Ed.): Lexicon of North German Organ Builders. Vol. 2: Saxony and the surrounding area . Pape, Berlin 2012, ISBN 978-3-921140-92-5 , pp. 318 .
• Maarten Albert Vente : The Brabant Organ. On the history of organ art in Belgium and Holland in the Gothic and Renaissance ages . HJ Paris, Amsterdam 1963.
• Auke H. Vlagsma: Hermann Raphaëls Rodensteen. Een Nederlandse organ maker in Germany ten tijde van de Renaissance. In: Het Orgel . Vol. 111, 2015/2, pp. 12-23 ( Dutch summary ).

Individual evidence

1. ^ Hermann Raphael Rodensteen in the Bavarian Musicians' Lexicon Online (BMLO) .
2. ^ Vente: The Brabant Organ. 1963, p. 133.
3. ↑ Flade: Hermann Raphael Rottenstein-Pock. 1932, p. 2.
4. ↑ Flade: Hermann Raphael Rottenstein-Pock. 1932, p. 3.
5. ^ Dähnert: Historical organs in Saxony. 1980, p. 309.
6. ^ Pape: Lexicon of North German Organ Builders. 2012, p. 318.
7. ↑ Flade: Hermann Raphael Rottenstein-Pock. 1932, p. 21.
8. ^ Vente: The Brabant Organ. 1963, pp. 149, 215.
9. ^ Dähnert: Historical organs in Saxony. 1980, p. 12.
10. ↑ Klotz: About the organ art of the Gothic, Renaissance and Baroque. 1986, p. 192.
11. ^ Vente: The Brabant Organ. 1963, pp. 159-160. Also: The registrations of Herman Raphael Rodensteen 1563 for the organ of the Schlosskirche Dresden , accessed on March 20, 2015 (PDF file; 91.2 kB)
12. ^ Michael Praetorius : Syntagma musicum . Volume 2: De Organographia. P. 187. ( online ), accessed March 20, 2015.
13. ↑ Ernst Flade, Hermann Raphael Rottenstein-Pock. A Dutch organ builder in the 16th century in Zwickau (Saxony). Zeitschrift für Musikwissenschaft 15, 1932/33, pp. 1–24, on p. 24, note 1. Also: The registrations of Herman Raphael Rodensteen for the organ of the Stadtkirche Döbeln 1568 , accessed on December 21, 2017 (PDF file ; 98 kB)
14. ↑ Flade: Hermann Raphael Rottenstein-Pock. 1932, p. 13.
15. ↑ www.musiklexikon.ac.at: St. Stephan (Vienna) , accessed on March 21, 2015.
16. ↑ Felix Friedrich, Vitus Froesch: Organs in Saxony - A Guide (=  257. publication of the Society of Organ Friends ). Kamprad, Altenburg 2012, ISBN 978-3-930550-89-0 , p. 93 .
17. ↑ Klotz: About the organ art of the Gothic, Renaissance and Baroque. 1986, pp. 230-231.