Heroldsbacher Marian apparitions

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The apparition of Mary in Heroldsbach is a private revelation that is not recognized by the Roman Catholic Church . On October 9, 1949, the beginning of the supposed apparitions of Mary, four girls stated that a "white sister" (the Virgin Mary ) had appeared to them. The apparitions are said to have lasted until autumn 1952.

The pilgrimages to the Upper Franconian village of Heroldsbach near Forchheim , based on the alleged apparitions of Our Lady, were one of the largest mass movements of the 20th century. A commission of inquiry from the Archdiocese of Bamberg had very early doubts about the supernatural nature of the apparitions. The alleged place of apparition is today a place of prayer of the Roman Catholic Church. At the place of prayer it is expressly pointed out that the Catholic Church was unable to detect any supernatural phenomena.

history

Apparitions of October 1949

The alleged apparitions of Heroldsbach began on October 9, 1949. Around 2:30 p.m., ten-year-old Maria Heilmann and her eleven-year-old friends Erika Müller, Margarete Gügel and Kunigunde Schleicher went to the forest near Heroldsbach to collect autumn leaves. During a break, the children told about the dead, about their deceased grandparents and relatives and also about Our Lady (because of the Rosary Sunday at that time ) and then began to pray. On the way home, Erika Müller pointed to the wood, where she thought she saw the greenish glowing arrangement of letters JSH between two birches . Shortly afterwards, Maria Heilmann was convinced that she could see a figure dressed in white floating back and forth between the birch tops. This was interpreted by the girl as Mother of God. The children's families initially reacted negatively to the children's reports and even threatened them.

After the alleged apparitions had become a topic of conversation in the village, the Heroldsbach forester Philipp Frank, among others, accompanied the girls to the place of the apparitions. With the help of binoculars, the forester identified the place indicated by the girls as a small clearing. However, the girls insisted on their vision of Our Lady and then gave the location some distance from the gap in the forest. The parish pastor, Johann Gailer, who was informed on October 10, was urged, like all pastors, to be skeptical and restrained about such private revelations until the conclusion of a church investigation. There is evidence that, after initial skepticism, Gailer drew comparisons with the church-recognized pilgrimage sites such as Fátima and Lourdes on October 12, 1949 . Gailer and Prelate Kümmelmann then accompany the children for the first time on October 16. As with the Marpingen apparitions about 70 years earlier, the news about the apparitions spread quickly and attracted tens of thousands of pilgrims within a few days. The alleged apparitions of the children were reported in the local press such as the Nürnberger Nachrichten or the Bamberger Neue Volksblatt . Another three girls and four boys reported, in some cases only until October 12, of apparitions of Mary. To the question to the appearing woman “What is your wish?” She is said to have answered “People should pray firmly!”

From October 18, the dogmatist and exegete Johann Baptist Walz accompanied the children on site and interviewed them. He logged the events from October 1949 until his on-site recordings were banned in July 1951, and in 1958 he created three manuscript volumes ("Walz Protocols"), which he also sent to the Pope . An examination commission of the Archdiocese of Bamberg questioned the children from October 17th after the end of the observations they reported. Even if the members of the examination commission were touched by the emotion of the children, a preliminary result of the archbishopric commission was issued on October 30, 1949, a first public appeal to all believers to stay away from Heroldsbach and to approach the events there with caution.

One reason was the theme of the bodily acceptance of Mary into heaven . Auxiliary Bishop Landgraf asked the children on October 27th: “Are you the Assumpta?” The answer was: “No, I am not, I am the Mother of God, the Mother of Heaven.” Walz's interpretation was: The Mother of God has not decided here on a question of faith, because the questions lie outside the purpose of revelation. She did not answer the theologian who asked, but gave a child-friendly answer to the child who did not understand the question. Walz said that Maria in Heroldsbach did not want to be called and venerated in particular as Maria, accepted into heaven. The dogma of the bodily acceptance of Mary into heaven was adopted a year later by Pope Pius XII. proclaimed.

The last alleged apparition took place on October 31, 1949. According to estimates by the pastor, 40,000 people attended the rosary service on the hill in front of the forest, which has now been referred to as the Herrengarten. Pastor Gailer planned to build a chapel on site despite warnings from the Archdiocese of Bamberg.

After October 31, 1949, until December 7, 1949, the children reported no further apparitions. However, hundreds of believers continued to gather every day to worship the rosary. The construction of a chapel began on December 4, 1949, without the corresponding approval from the Bamberg Archdiocese.

“Sun miracle” and nativity vision in December 1949

On December 8, 1949, around 10,000 pilgrims gathered in Heroldsbach on the occasion of the feast of the Immaculate Conception of Mary . The visionaries were accompanied by Walz and other clergymen and stood on a bridge wagon during a festive service. Shortly after 2 p.m. they report again of a heavenly figure. Rosa Bradl and other girls had asked the apparition whether she could be venerated as the "Mother of God of Heroldsbach-Thurn". This was answered in the affirmative.

Thousands of people then reported a " sun miracle ". The chronicler Walz reports of two phases of the solar miracle between 3 and 4 p.m. The sun had a noticeably strong beam and turned in bright colors for minutes. According to Walz, the local pastor Johann Gailer and three other clergymen give similar reports. The reports about the solar phenomenon and the Christmas visions led the archbishopric to a very clear rejection of the Heroldsbach apparitions. Archbishop Joseph Otto Kolb , after consulting with his Auxiliary Bishop Artur Michael Landgraf , decided to firmly reject the visions, although it is reported that he had promised a positive vote from the pulpit on the evening of December 8th.

The writings of the Archbishop's Commission finally judged the “sun miracle” to be a purely natural phenomenon. The commission referred to the meteorologist Stöckl from Regensburg , who had compared the event with a similar phenomenon of July 13, 1944 near Regensburg. The commission members and Stöckl himself were not present at the "Sun Miracle" in Heroldsbach. The informative value of Stöckl's analyzes and the declaration as a whole have been publicly questioned several times.

Another apparition was reported on December 24, 1949. The children spoke of a nativity scene, the Holy Family and scenes from the childhood story of Jesus. The diocese reacted again negatively to such reports.

Events in 1950

For the Epiphany on January 6, 1950, around 12,000 people came to Heroldsbach to celebrate two devotions there. During the afternoon devotion, the children again reported an apparition that said:

"Even if the priests forbid people to come, they shouldn't notice and should come here"

After a disciplinary discussion with Archbishop Kolb, a second public announcement was read out from the pulpits of the diocese that there was no reason to assume a supernatural origin of the visions, that there was reason to have serious concerns about the reported apparitions. In connection with this, five directives were issued to all Catholics:

  1. Clergymen should refrain from commenting on the Heroldsbach events in their public statements.
  2. Neither clergy nor other persons should get involved in the course of the investigations, conduct interrogations, or direct questions to the children or through them to the apparition without express permission from the pastor.
  3. The organization of processions and pilgrimages to Heroldsbach was expressly prohibited.
  4. The collection of money for the construction of a church or other memorial site at the place of the apparition was not permitted.
  5. Publications containing new apparitions and revelations, prophecies, miracle reports were forbidden without ecclesiastical printing permission.

Notwithstanding these ecclesiastical orders, the processions and evening rosary services continued on the hill opposite the grove. The episcopal orders sparked a storm of public excitement and disputes.

On the feast day of Maria Lichtmess (February 2, 1950), there is said to have been a miracle of light in front of about 70,000 people: yellow balls / streets of light and the rotation of the sun; golden shine one meter above the ground on the whole site. According to the seer girls, the Mother of God threatened "the Russians"; only prayer can avert disaster. Since that day one girl has reported apparitions. On February 6, 1950, the children were supposedly allowed to shake hands with the Blessed Mother and touch her dress. The apparition called for unity, penance and prayer for “unbelievers” and for Russia. According to Walz, the children reported a week later about a wonderful “view of heaven” with sighting God the Father , the Savior and the Holy Spirit as a dove. The children also reported in February of a mystical communion similar to what is said to have taken place during the Church-recognized apparition of Mary in Fátima . Critics and consulted psychologists did not find any particular movement, shock or ecstasy of the children in these phenomena. Instead, they noted increasing pride and an inflated self-assessment.

On March 6, 1950, Pastor Gailer was forbidden to enter "Apparition Hill". He often sat in the confessional most of the day and witnessed many conversions. Gailer: “If the confessional secret didn't bind me, Heroldsbach would have long been recognized, I have experienced so many miracles of conversion in the confessional.” The Swiss priest Josef Leutenegger, who helped him, said: “That was my most beautiful confessional in 25 years . ”The priests also passed out Holy Communion for hours .

On March 9, 1950, the children laid a large stone in a grave hole at the alleged apparition site. The Mother of God later said that many graces would still flow at this point . On that day, kneeling began (penance for sinners). It is reported that the children had open, bleeding wounds on their knees that healed a day later.

On April 19, 1950, around 250 communion children were supposedly allowed to touch the Mother of God and the Baby Jesus and shake hands with them. Thirty of them then testified that they had felt the hand, the hem of the dress and the crown.

According to their report, the "seers" were allowed to enter the " Himmelsgarten " between May 7th and 12th . This “heavenly realm” contained many elements of the girls' everyday life and fairy tales familiar to them. However, the seer children later pointed out that (here) everyday scenes played by them were recorded as a vision.

On June 9, 1950 (9th day of the 9th month of publication, the feast “Maria Gratia” - “Mother of Grace” - in Rome), the Mother of God named Heroldsbach's title: Queen of the Roses or Rose Queen .

On June 25, 1950 (the beginning of the Korean War ) St. Heart of Jesus said: “I am the heart of salvation.” The Mother of God wept because people did not listen to her requests.

On October 6, 1950, Auxiliary Bishop Landgraf and Cathedral Capitular Rathgeber arrived in Heroldsbach, who brought Pastor Gailer a decree of the Holy Office in Rome . The decree repeated the instructions of the Archdiocese of Bamberg that a supernatural origin of the apparitions was not certain. All activities that presupposed the authenticity of the Heroldsbach apparitions of the Mother of God should be avoided. The highest Roman religious authority had expressly forbidden the pilgrimages. The Roman decree was mentioned in the regional newspapers with skeptical comments about the apparitions.

Immediately after the cathedral capitular Georg Mann had left the apparition site, the girls reported again of an appearance of the heavenly virgin. Shortly afterwards, the girls reported that the Virgin Mary would now appear in the Heroldsbach Church, which prompted the Archbishop's Ordinate to instruct that in future services should take place without the participation of the children. Despite the clear statements from Bamberg and Rome, the pilgrimages to the so-called Apparition Hill continued. From October 31 to November 1, 1950, there was supposedly a mass vision in which 200 people are said to have experienced an apparition of Mary. Thirty such reports were published by followers.

1951 apparitions

The alleged apparitions of 1951 were described as follows:

On March 13, 1951, Saint Philip Neri said: “The saints appear that you may imitate them. Live at all times in the grace of God, so that God can call you from the world at any time. "On March 25, 1951, the risen Savior said with shining wounds from which streams of grace of divine light flowed:" I bless all who are in grave suffering ... Through I want to make your hearts pure with my blessing ... I want to take those who believe in me and my mother under my protection. "

On April 16, 1951, a Swiss priest spoke to the Child Jesus in Latin, French and Italian and included requests for blessings, whereupon the Child Jesus blessed each time and this was expressed by the children (who did not know a foreign language). On May 12, 1951, over 500 saints appeared.

Often the seven main saints of Heroldsbach showed up: the Eucharistic St. Pope Pius X , St. little Theresa with St. Brother Klaus as envoy of humility , St. Aloisius and St. Maria Goretti as envoy of chastity and St. Anthony of Padua and St. Kreszenzia von Kaufbeuren as a helper against demonic distress.

On August 4, 1951, the very popular with the people born in Upper Palatinate pastor Gailer after 38 years of service in Heroldsbach to just under 50 km away Kleinziegenfeld added to support a sick pastor. During his term of office in Heroldsbach there were 40 priestly appointments in the parish. His successor was Ernst Schmitt, a young former lieutenant who continued his studies there, which had been interrupted by the war in Rome, and who was newly ordained to ensure peace and order in Heroldsbach, sometimes with very controversial methods. He was later appointed to the reign of the Bamberg seminary . From 1982 he worked for a Stuttgart tourism company with a rather Protestant pilgrimage program and a few years later helped the folklorist and later gender activist Cornelia Göksu to create her Heroldsbach book.

On August 15, 1951, Rome banned the “Heroldsbach cult” in a second decree. Selected reporting material was sent there, which, according to the suspended Spiritual Council of the Army, only made up about 3–5% of the material. The documents for the examination consisted only of the Commission's own report. Since the entire protocols since October 1949, many affidavits and a report on the great miracle of the sun were missing, the many witnesses of the apparitions, miracles and healings as well as the pilgrims convinced of the authenticity refused and suspended their inner religious consent to this negative decision. There were serious and convincing reasons against this decree. Many pilgrims bowed to the ban, others continued to pray on the "mountain".

According to the textbooks of dogmatics , such decrees are authoritative under canon law, but not infallible.

The seer children , their parents and many "mountain followers" were excommunicated in August 1951 because they did not want to sign that they had no apparitions of the Mother of God. The wish of the seer girls to dedicate their further life in a monastery completely to God could not be realized. Until December 1951, almost all seer children stayed away from the mountain by order of the church, but they had visions elsewhere.

On November 13, 1951, the patron saints promised : “When you are in need, take refuge in us. We will always help you when you call us. "

1952 apparitions

The alleged apparitions in 1952 are described as follows: On October 31, 1952, the farewell day of the rose queen, many angels and saints were present. With a strong, supernatural scent of incense , the Mother of God said goodbye to the baby Jesus, many children were allowed to shake hands with them. The Mother of God and the Baby Jesus explained to the seer girls: “We did not come to work miracles, but to call to prayer , sacrifice and penance .” “ Keep on trusting in our help; we will stand by you in the greatest need. "" The victory will be ours. "The Mother of God:" Dear children, I am always here, even if you no longer see me. "

Further development

On January 4, 1953, the Heroldsbach e. V. founded. A few months later attempts were made to evacuate Apparition Hill, and many religious objects and furnishings were removed and confiscated.

According to a person present at the trial, it turned out before the secular court in 1955 that the members of the archbishopric commission did not have enough time to scientifically examine the events in Heroldsbach. In response to the judge's objection: “Yes, how could you then examine and act as an examination commission”, one member of the commission replied: “We did not have the task to examine, but only to create the files of what the children said. The bishop then checked ”.

According to Walz, Auxiliary Bishop Artur Michael Landgraf is said to have shouted to the horror of those present, according to a pilgrim from Auerbach in the Upper Palatinate, when he died on September 8, 1958 (the feast day of Mary's birth ): “Heroldsbach is real! I was missing! "(Source: contemporary testimony)

Pastor Gailer died in 1959. He was buried in Heroldsbach. The Forchheimer Zeitung Fränkischer Tag wrote at the time: "The return of the dead pastor Johannes Gailer was like a triumphal procession ..." In 1963 the clergyman Johannes Maria Heer died. He was buried in his home village of Geutenreuth in Franconian Switzerland. The suspended army was not allowed to celebrate Holy Mass for over 10 years. Many referred to him as a martyr for Heroldsbach. Walz died on May 13, 1966.

Padre Pio in San Giovanni Rotondo claimed the authenticity of Heroldsbach to several German pilgrims . When a German group of pilgrims approached his confessional in 1967, he shouted: “What more do you Germans want! The Madonna came down to you! Heroldsbach is a place of grace! "

In the 1970s, prayer on the mountain was tolerated by the church authorities, since everyone is legally allowed to pray anywhere. The refusal to give holy communion to pilgrims was lifted. The pilgrims 'association built a pilgrims' home and began building St. Mary's Church in 1985.

In 1997 the last excommunications in connection with Heroldsbach were lifted. The Heroldsbach Prayer Foundation was set up with the Archbishop's Commission and the Board of Trustees was appointed by the Archbishop of Bamberg. To May 1, 1998 Archbishop had Karl Brown , the place of prayer Heroldsbach officially established after the then prefect of the Roman Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith , Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger , had announced in a letter to the Bamberg Archbishop that the CDF fully its approach regarding Heroldsbach and more carry along. The place of prayer was consecrated by Auxiliary Bishop Werner Radlayers , local pastor of Heroldsbach from 1969 to 1972. Radspielers emphasized the reconciliation in his sermon. With the pastoral activities that were Brethren of the Common Life / Augustinian monks led by Father Dietrich von Stockhausen cryC commissioned. On August 15, 1998, the first pontifical mass was celebrated in the place of prayer by Archbishop Karl Braun.

In 2003, the new Archbishop of Bamberg, Ludwig Schick, declared in his sermon "on the mountain" that the Heroldsbach prayer center should become a center of new evangelization for the Archdiocese of Bamberg, Germany and beyond. (Source: including tape recording of the pilgrims' association)

Excerpts from a sermon by Archbishop Ludwig Schick in Heroldsbach 2004: “Heroldsbach: place of prayer, place of repentance and conversion and place of the spread of faith and transmission, evangelism and mission , place of Mary, mother of divine wisdom and queen of peace, where many, many People give their hearts to Mary, where many renew the consecration to the Immaculate Heart of Mary, which took place in 1954 for all of Germany. Here Mary should become the queen of hearts for many. Here, through Mary, many should find their way to Christ "God's wisdom given us". "

In mid-February 2007, a "miracle of tears" was reported in Heroldsbach, in which several dozen witnesses observed tears on a statue of the Virgin Mary in the pilgrims' home. The events were reported nationwide and the Archdiocese of Bamberg initiated an investigation. As a result, it was announced that neither the testimony nor the examination of the seized liquid revealed any evidence of a supernatural occurrence. On the basis of an analysis of the tears, suspicion of manipulation was raised; something similar had already happened in 2001. From October 2008 to October 2009 the pilgrims' association collected 17,000 signatures with the request to resume the examination of the events in Heroldsbach from 1949 to 1952.

Since February 6, 2009, there has been Eucharistic adoration “around the clock” in the place of prayer.

literature

  • Klerusblatt: Eichstätt, issues of January 15, 1948 and February 1, 1948
  • Walter Dettmann (priest): "My way to Heroldsbach"
  • Johann Baptist Walz: The apparitions of the Mother of God in Heroldsbach-Thurn, Manuscripts Vol. 1–3 ("Walz Protocols"), 1958, Frensdorf; [2]
  • Johann Baptist Walz: "Heroldsbach, eyewitness reports from the sun miracle", manuscript, Frensdorf
  • Johann Baptist Walz: "Important answers to frequently asked questions ... Heroldsbach", manuscript, Frensdorf
  • Johann Baptist Walz: "The visions of Heroldsbach-Thurn in the light of the original reports of the vision children and eyewitnesses", manuscript, Frensdorf
  • Johann Baptist Walz: "Heroldsbacher Marian apparitions and church decisions", manuscript, Frensdorf
  • Christel Altgott: Heroldsbach, a maternal admonition from Mary, III. Part, Rheydt-Odenkirchen, 1979
  • Josef Werhahn: Priest and Rector of the St. Martin Hospital Düsseldorf-Bilk: Letter to Cardinal Frings from Cologne
  • Josef Strahl: Cooperator of the Diocese of Regensburg: Report on the meeting with Dr. Stöckl at Easter 1950, Regensburg, 1950
  • Father Gebhard Heyder OCD: Walk through the Herrengarten, Grignion-Verlag, Altötting, 1983
  • Georg Schöls: Heroldsbach manuscript, Berching, 1982
  • Franz Wetzel: The phenomena of Heroldsbach, Herold-Verlag, Munich, 1950
  • Antoinette Biegansky: Heroldsbach apparition site, Heroldsbach
  • Antoinette Biegansky: The holy mountain in Heroldsbach-Thurn (illustrated book), Heroldsbach
  • Norbert Langhojer: The message from Heroldsbach, 3rd edition 2003,
  • Norbert Langhojer: Realm of Mysticism - The Message from Heroldsbach, 1971
  • Franz Speckbacher: Apparitions in Heroldsbach, Mediatrix-Verlag, A-St. Andrä- Whaben , 1989, ISBN 3854061110
  • Alfons Sarrach : Leuchtfeuer für Europa, Verlag Edition-S, Bad Herrenalb, 2005, ISBN 3-929549-16-6
  • Spiritual Councilor Johannes Maria Heer: Memorandum on the events in Heroldsbach-Thurn (manuscript), Bamberg, 1953
  • Erich Heller: The messenger from Heroldsbach, BBD-Verlag, Nuremberg, 1952
  • Johannes and Peter Fiebag: Signs in the sky, Ullstein-Verlag, Berlin 1997, ISBN 3-548-35683-4
  • Cornelia Göksu: Heroldsbach - a forbidden pilgrimage , real (country and people - publications on folklore), Würzburg 1991, ISBN 3-429-01319-4

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. Göksu, p. 7
  2. Göksu, p. 13
  3. Heroldsbach place of prayer: foundation
  4. Pilgrim Association Heroldsbach Internet presence
  5. Göksu, p. 13
  6. Walz Protocols, October 9, 1949
  7. Göksu, p. 14 and p. 15
  8. Göksu, p. 15
  9. Göksu, p. 15
  10. Walz Protocols October 16, 1949
  11. Göksu, p. 18
  12. Walz Protocols October 12, 1949
  13. Altgott, pp. 94–95
  14. Göksu, p. 21
  15. Walz Protocols October 27, 1949
  16. Altgott, pp. 11-12
  17. Göksu, p. 23
  18. Göksu, p. 30 and p. 31
  19. Göksu, p. 32
  20. Walz Protocols December 8, 1949
  21. Göksu, p. 34 and p. 35
  22. Heyder p. 27
  23. Josef Strahl
  24. Schöls
  25. Wetzel
  26. Altgott p. 66
  27. quoted from Göksu, p. 36
  28. see Göksu, p. 36; Official Journal for the Archdiocese of Bamberg from January 13, 1950
  29. Göksu, p. 37
  30. Walz Protocols February 2, 1950
  31. ^ Biegansky, Heroldsbach publication site
  32. Walz Protocols February 6, 1950
  33. ^ Biegansky, Heroldsbach publication site
  34. Walz Protocols February 9, 1950
  35. Göksu, p. 53 and p. 54
  36. ^ Biegansky, Heroldsbach publication site
  37. Walz Protocols March 9, 1950
  38. Langhojer p. 228
  39. ^ Biegansky, Heroldsbach publication site
  40. Gösku, p. 55 to p. 57
  41. Walz Protocols May 7 and 12, 1950
  42. Walz Protocols June 9, 1950
  43. Speckbacher p. 165
  44. ^ Biegansky, Heroldsbach publication site
  45. Heroldsbach pilgrims' association
  46. Göksu, p. 75
  47. quoted from Göksu, see also the Official Gazette of the Archdiocese of Bamberg from October 7, 1950
  48. ^ Biegansky, Heroldsbach publication site
  49. Walz Protocols March 13 and 25, 1951
  50. Walz Protocols April 16 and May 12, 1951
  51. Heroldsbach pilgrims' association . Internet presence
  52. Göksu, p. 116
  53. Sarrach, pp. 146–148
  54. Army
  55. ^ Walz: Heroldsbacher Marian apparitions and church decisions, p. 38
  56. Altgott p. 25
  57. ^ Biegansky, illustrated book
  58. Altgott p. 43 ff
  59. ^ Biegansky, Heroldsbach publication site
  60. Heroldsbach pilgrims' association
  61. Altgott, pp. 75-77
  62. Altgott, pp. 81–83
  63. Altgott, p. 87
  64. Heroldsbach pilgrimage association (including an affidavit by a pilgrim from Wiesbaden)
  65. Heroldsbach pilgrims' association
  66. [1]
  67. Heroldsbach place of prayer
  68. Archdiocese of Bamberg ( Memento of the original from January 15, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.spiritualitaet-bamberg.de
  69. Weeping Madonna - Investigation of the "tearful miracle". Der Tagesspiegel , March 19, 2007, accessed on March 7, 2018 .
  70. Examination and examination results of the so-called tear miracle of Heroldsbach. In: Info sheet. Press office of the Archdiocese of Bamberg, November 30, 2007, accessed on March 7, 2018 .
  71. Who made the Madonna cry? Welt.de, published on December 1, 2007
  72. Heroldsbach pilgrims' association