Small goat field

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Small goat field
City of Weismain
Seal of the former community of Kleinziegenfeld as a stamp on a document, around 1900
Coordinates: 50 ° 1 ′ 0 ″  N , 11 ° 12 ′ 0 ″  E
Height : 428  (428-470)  m
Residents : 158  (Jan. 1, 2018)
Incorporation : January 1, 1978
Postal code : 96260
Area code : 09504
Kleinziegenfeld (Bavaria)
Small goat field

Location of Kleinziegenfeld in Bavaria

Kleinziegenfeld is a parish with 158 inhabitants at the southern end of the Kleinziegenfeld valley and part of the Upper Franconian town of Weismain .

Geographical location

Kleinziegenfeld is located at the southern end of the Kleinziegenfelder valley , a valley of the northern Franconian Jura in the Franconian Switzerland - Franconian Jura Nature Park . The Weismain flows through the valley . The village is located two kilometers north of the A 70 and eight kilometers south of the center of Weismain.

history

Village history

Middle Ages to early modern times

A first reference to the place can be found in a document from the Michelsberg monastery from 1225, in which a " Friedrich von Ziegenfeld " is mentioned. Soon afterwards, the names of other goat fields , the two former castles of Kleinziegenfeld and Schloss Kleinziegenfeld , appeared in documents . The history of Kleinziegenfeld is strongly influenced by the work of the local barons, especially the Von Schaumberg . With this special position, the historical localities and fields differ from those of the surrounding neighboring villages such as Großziegenfeld , Weismain and Stadelhofen .

Until 1430 the place was administered by the officials of the bishopric of Bamberg , which owned two castles in the place. The influence of secular rule increased from 1379, when the castle Kleinziegenfeld was given to the Nuremberg burgrave Friedrich V as a fief. Until the castle, which had been converted into a palace, was acquired by the Barons von Schaumberg in 1668, the owners of the aristocratic residence and thus of the village often changed. Since it was founded in 1529, Kleinziegenfeld has belonged to the knight canton of Gebürg . Kleinziegenfeld had a heyday under Karl Franz von Schaumberg († 1804), who promoted the place and, for example, had the Bienleins and Schrepfersmühle built to increase profitability.

19th century

Map of Kleinziegenfeld in 1847

The secularisation of Bavaria in 1802 and the establishment of the Kingdom of Bavaria in 1806 highlighted the noble manorial almost entirely. Kleinziegenfeld was merged with Weiden to form a tax district in 1811 . Seven years later Kleinziegenfeld became the congregation raised to 1848 and the jurisdiction of the out by Kleinziegenfelder Schlossherren foam Bergisch Patrimonialgerichts assumed. Kleinziegenfeld received a mayor in 1869. The miller of the Stoffelsmühle, Johann Deinhardt, who held the office until 1881, was elected.

Before a chapel was built in Kleinziegenfeld in 1864 the population asked that a bell "would be highly desirable to indicate the daily time for the village". Initially, the garden of the small goat field Johann Eberlein (house no. 28, 50 ° 1 ′ 10.5 ″  N , 11 ° 12 ′ 5.6 ″  E ) in Oberdorf was planned as a building site for a bell tower or a small chapel . At the instigation of the miller of the Bienleinsmühle, Johann Hübner, who was also a trained glazier and turner, the decision was made to go to the headland not far from the Schwarzmühle, which at that time still belonged to the Pfaffendorf community . Construction of the Maria-Hilf Chapel began in 1868 and was completed in 1873. The chapel was built on the model of the Kümmerniskapelle on the Hechenberg near Burghausen , but it was richer and more sumptuous. In an article about the consecration of the chapel on October 5, 1873, the Lichtenfelser Tagblatt wrote that “it is an incomparable ornament to this valley, which in and of itself is richly endowed with scenic charms”.

In 1871 the district office of Lichtenfels issued a district police fire-fighting order for the district of Lichtenfels , according to which all municipalities had to take care of the acquisition and maintenance of extinguishing equipment. and that a “fire props house” and a water reservoir were to be built. All male residents between the ages of 18 and 50 were required to be firefighters and had to perform fire-fighting exercises, fires and fire guards. On January 12, 1871, Johann Eberlein, Johann Schütz, Andreas Preißinger, Johann Witz and Johann Eberlein founded a volunteer fire brigade in Kleinziegenfeld. The still preserved old fire station (house no.46) was built in 1889. Up until the 20th century, drinking water was supplied to the small goat fields by drawing water with hand-made paper from the Weismain spring and the village pond near the Stoffelsmühle. The construction of water pipes did not advance until after 1890. Before that, there was only one water pipe built in February 1888 by Mayor Johann Hübner at his own expense from the Weismain spring to the chapel and the rectory. In 1893, a cooperative initiative built a water pipe with a well box and column for the districts of Hühnerberg and Oberdorf as well as for the localities of Pfaffendorf and Wölkendorf . The community of Kleinziegenfeld had to pay 30% of the construction costs, although the residents initially refused to bear them. The management system was completely taken over by the community of Kleinziegenfeld in 1924. In 1956 only 1,300 of the planned 2,000 meters of pipeline had been laid, and additional elevated tanks had been built in Pfaffendorf and Kleinziegenfeld .

  • The village square in the Kleinziegenfeld district of Grund around 1905. At the bottom of the picture you can see the fenced pond, in front of the house the enclosed Weismain spring

  • The Kleinziegenfeld Church and the Kleinziegenfeld school built in 1907

In 1898 there were efforts to build a school in Kleinziegenfeld. At that time, the children had to attend school in Stadelhofen, one hour away. In November 1898, the entire community initially rejected the construction of a school building. It was not until 1906/1907 that a schoolhouse was built “despite many struggles and inconveniences”, which is still on the property to the north of the Maria-Hilf-Chapel. School operations were stopped in 1972, before Kleinziegenfeld's independence came to an end. Weismain became the new school location for primary school students and Altenkunstadt for the other elementary school classes .

20th century and present

When the American troops moved through in May 1945, there was no damage to the village. The clearest impact of the Second World War on the field of small goats was the sudden increase in the number of inhabitants from a good 221 (1945) to 333 (1948). The cemetery at Götzelsberg was set up under Pastor Johannes Gailer in 1954/1955. Previously, the deceased parishioners were mostly buried in Stadelhofen.

Until 1977, Kleinziegenfeld was a separate municipality together with the Schwarzmühle . With the municipal area reform it was incorporated into Weismain on January 1, 1978.

The fire station was built between February 1999 (start of planning) and May 2004 in the Grund district. After completion of the shell in 2001, the Kleinziegenfelder fire brigade acquired a used LF 8 fire fighting group vehicle from Mercedes-Benz from 1973 from the Lichtenfels fire brigade .

Historical village and settlement structure

Kleinziegenfeld had several districts both within the core settlement area and outside. The place itself began south of the Stoffelsmühle, which comes from a mill act from the 1860s, in which it was said that the mill is "below (meaning downstream) the place Kleinziegenfeld on the Weismain". The oldest part of the village, the upper village, developed in the late Middle Ages on the high plateau next to the castle. Settlement there was completed around the 19th century. The Hühnerberg district is located on the hill east of the valley and was probably founded in the 15th century. It comprises seven properties with houses and stables as well as an oven . The third larger district is the reason in the valley floor around the Weismain spring . The predominant building there was the Gasthaus Zur Weismainquelle. The other buildings were small drip houses close to the slopes of the valley.

Outside the village center were the Schrepfersmühle , Bienleinsmühle , Hammerschmiede , Schwarzmühle and the settlement around the Maria-Hilf-Chapel , consecrated in 1873 . This fourth larger village area developed with the rectory built in 1881, the schoolhouse built in 1907 and a residential building with a joinery built at the beginning of the 20th century . Since then, no other properties have been added, but the settlement is located directly next to the former Ehrhardsmühle that belongs to Großziegenfeld , so that the ensemble of houses still looks larger.

There were also two wastes. On the high plateau west of the valley there is a somewhat secluded house no. 31, a residential building of the descendants of the castle hunter Ferdinand Witz, which, due to its location, was not counted as part of the upper village but as a wasteland. In terms of cultural history, the Solitude of Sorg (formerly house No. 23), east of the Hühnerberg district, is more important. In Kleinziegenfeld, the scary stories of the "Sorgpöpels" were considered a means of education for naughty children. The decline of the residential stable house built in 1731 became apparent from the middle of the 19th century. Several servants and day laborers on the farm emigrated to America , so that the management of the farm became more difficult and was given up by 1860 at the latest. In the Bavarian local registers of 1864 and 1875, the wasteland is listed with no inhabitants (uninhabited). At the beginning of the 20th century, the farm was finally given up and from then until it collapsed in 1972 it was only used as a shelter for agricultural machines.

The economic and social structure of the place in the middle of the 19th century illustrates the effects that a knightly estate in a village used to have. The village records show that around 1850 only 13 out of 37 house owners were farmers. Among the remaining 24 house owners were four millers, including a paper miller, a blacksmith, an armorer, an innkeeper and brewer, two tailors, a wagner, a shepherd, a weaver and basket weaver, a carpenter, a merchant, a baker, a paper dealer and a carpenter specializing in mills, the so-called mill doctor . These five were day laborers for the order of the fields of the manor.

religion

Kleinziegenfeld was one of the first places in the northern Franconian Jura to switch to the Evangelical Lutheran creed in the middle of the 16th century . This was due to the feudal lords, who have always been Protestant since the church split, and who also demanded the same confession from their subjects. Among the many administrators of Kleinziegenfels, the princely Brandenburg secret chamberlain and chancellor Hilderich Antonius von Varell had set up a preacher position in his castle where he preached the new doctrine. In his absence, the masses were held by his clerk or the governor. Old documents show that up to 130 people from Klein- and Großziegenfeld, Stadelhofen and Weiden attended the private church services. After the place was re-Catholicized in the 17th century , it is again predominantly Catholic.

Population development

Graphic representation of the population development

The following table shows the development of the population of Kleinziegenfels based on individual data.

year Residents Remarks source
1820 178
1832 251
1840 255 with districts
1864 243 221 inhabitants without districts
1867 273 with districts
1871 266 233 inhabitants without districts
1872 280 with districts
1875 about 250 220 PE without districts
1885 228 197 inhabitants without districts
1900 249 228 inhabitants without districts
1910 251 with districts
1925 233 211 inhabitants without districts
1933 232
1939 232
1945 221
1945 345 incl. 124 displaced persons
1947 327 including displaced persons
1948 333 including displaced persons
1950 319 294 inhabitants without districts, including displaced persons
1958 255 incl. EW of the districts
1961 230 215 inhabitants without districts
1970 217 203 inhabitants without districts
1987 198
2011 192
2012 195
2013 191
2015 170
2016 162
2017 172
2018 158

Attractions

Landscape elements

Cyclist statue Claudius

Due to Kleinziegenfeld's settlement structure with numerous open areas between the individual districts, numerous natural beauties, some of which are protected, have been preserved in the area of ​​the former municipality of Kleinziegenfeld. The most noticeable and largest is the nature reserve Wacholder slopes near Kleinziegenfeld in the eastern part of Kleinziegenfeld on a slope between the districts of Hühnerberg and Grund. It contains the striking limestone cliffs Altenstein and Schmiedssteins as well as the rock with the Claudius figure , the symbol of Kleinziegenfeld. On the opposite slope side of the valley, the rock cone Hühnerkirche and the natural monument Dolomite Towers tower up. The Weismain rises at the bottom of the valley, next to the former village inn .

Buildings

Just outside the resort is in Kleinziegenfelder quarry of dolomite Kleinziegenfelder broken. Just under a kilometer north of Kleinziegenfeld stands the neo-Gothic Maria Hilf chapel from 1873 on a flat rock. The Kleinziegenfeld Castle and the completely preserved Stoffels and Schwarzmühle grain mills are also worth seeing . From the former mills Bienleinsmühle and Hammerschmiede , only remnants of the dam systems can be seen in the Weismain .

The Gasthof Kauppert was the dominant building in the ground. It was built before 1692 with a brewery and rock cellars , a large dance hall with a stable below in an outbuilding, an oven and a hop field. Historical documents about the property have been preserved since the early 19th century. In 1825, after the bankruptcy of the innkeeper Johann Seelmann, the inn came into the possession of the royal forest warden Joseph Kauppert from Dittersbrunn for a price of 1115 guilders . Around 1870 the inn could have held the right to brew and drink as well as the right to distill. The brewery, the dance hall and the oven were demolished from 1984 to 1985. In their place there is a residential building. In 2000, the old residential and guest house was torn down down to the vaulted cellar, although it was protected as a monument.

  • The little goat fields Maria-Hilf chapel with rectory (right)

  • The Kauppert inn around 1900

Personalities

Sons and daughters of the place

The following overview, listed alphabetically, contains well-known personalities born in Kleinziegenfeld . It is irrelevant whether the people had their later sphere of activity in the place or not. The list does not claim to be complete.

  • Georg Ammon , high school teacher and classical philologist

Personalities who have worked on site

  • Johannes Gailer (* December 4, 1885, † August 30, 1959), pastor in Kleinziegenfeld from 1951 to 1959, before that in Heroldsbach (see Heroldsbacher Marian phenomena )

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Distribution of residents in the city of Weismain on January 1, 2012 ( memento from January 5, 2013 in the Internet Archive ), stadt-weismain.de, accessed on December 30, 2012
  2. ^ GR: City of Art and the Jura . In: Fränkischer Tag , Bamberg, September 11, 2004, p. 14
  3. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l Urban (2001), pp. 30–32
  4. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Urban (2001), pp. 38–40
  5. ↑ a b c d e f g Göldner (2004), pp. 19–33
  6. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k Urban (2001), pp. 41–45
  7. ↑ Kleinziegenfeld ( Memento from January 5, 2013 in the Internet Archive ), stadt-weismain.de, accessed on December 30, 2012
  8. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r Urban (2001), pp. 32–38
  9. ↑ a b Joseph Heyberger, Chr. Schmitt, v. Wachter: Topographical-statistical manual of the Kingdom of Bavaria with an alphabetical local dictionary . In: K. Bayer. Statistical Bureau (Ed.): Bavaria. Regional and folklore of the Kingdom of Bavaria . tape 5 . Literary and artistic establishment of the JG Cotta'schen Buchhandlung, Munich 1867, Sp. 907–908 , urn : nbn: de: bvb: 12-bsb10374496-4 ( digitized version ).
  10. ↑ AH Hönig: Topographical-alphabetical handbook on the cities, markets, villages, hamlets, mills and wastelands in the Upper Main District . Bayreuth 1820 ( full text in the Google book search).
  11. ↑ Joseph Anton Eisenmann, Karl Friedrich Hohn: Topo-geographical-statistical lexicon of the Kingdom of Bavaria, or alphabetical description of all the districts, cities, markets, villages, hamlets, farms, castles, wastelands, mountains, excellent mountains and forests contained in the Kingdom of Bavaria water etc . Palm and Enke, Erlangen 1832, p. 1178 ( full text in Google Book Search).
  12. ↑ Karl Friedrich Hohn, Johann Adam Stein: Atlas of Bavaria: geographical-statistical-historical handbook for the knowledge of the state of Bavaria in its current state for all classes . Stein, Bayreuth 1840, p. 204 ( full text in Google Book Search).
  13. ↑ Kgl. Statistisches Bureau (Ed.): Directory of the municipalities of the Kingdom of Bavaria according to the status of the population in December 1867 . XXI. Issue of the contributions to the statistics of the Kingdom of Bavaria. Ackermann, Munich 1869, p. 142 ( digitized version ).
  14. ↑ Kgl. Statistical Bureau (ed.): Complete list of localities of the Kingdom of Bavaria. According to districts, administrative districts, court districts and municipalities, including parish, school and post office affiliation ... with an alphabetical general register containing the population according to the results of the census of December 1, 1875 . Adolf Ackermann, Munich 1877, 2nd section (population figures from 1871, cattle figures from 1873), Sp. 1081 , urn : nbn: de: bvb: 12-bsb00052489-4 ( digitized version ).
  15. ↑ Josef Urban: From the beginnings of our weir . In: Markus Hatzold: Festschrift der Freiwilligen Feuerwehr Wallersberg-Mosenberg , Weismain 2009, p. 89
  16. ↑ Kgl. Statistical Bureau (ed.): Complete list of localities of the Kingdom of Bavaria. According to districts, administrative districts, court districts and municipalities, including parish, school and post office affiliation ... with an alphabetical general register containing the population according to the results of the census of December 1, 1875 . Adolf Ackermann, Munich 1877, section 3, p. 80 , urn : nbn: de: bvb: 12-bsb00052489-4 ( digitized version ).
  17. ↑ K. Bayer. Statistical Bureau (Ed.): Localities directory of the Kingdom of Bavaria. According to government districts, administrative districts, ... then with an alphabetical register of locations, including the property and the responsible administrative district for each location. LIV. Issue of the contributions to the statistics of the Kingdom of Bavaria. Munich 1888, Section III, Sp. 1029 ( digitized version ).
  18. ↑ K. Bayer. Statistical Bureau (Ed.): Directory of localities of the Kingdom of Bavaria, with alphabetical register of places . LXV. Issue of the contributions to the statistics of the Kingdom of Bavaria. Munich 1904, Section II, Sp. 1077 ( digitized version ).
  19. ^ Municipal directory Germany 1900 - Lichtenfels district office , gemeindeververzeichnis.de, accessed on February 13, 2014
  20. ↑ Bavarian State Statistical Office (ed.): Localities directory for the Free State of Bavaria according to the census of June 16, 1925 and the territorial status of January 1, 1928 . Issue 109 of the articles on Bavaria's statistics. Munich 1928, Section II, Sp. 1113 ( digitized version ).
  21. ↑ a b Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. Lichtenfels district. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
  22. ↑ a b c StA Weismain, depot community archive Kleinziegenfeld, A 022 - population registers 1945-1955
  23. ↑ Bavarian State Statistical Office (ed.): Official place directory for Bavaria - edited on the basis of the census of September 13, 1950 . Issue 169 of the articles on Bavaria's statistics. Munich 1952, DNB  453660975 , Section II, Sp. 958 ( digitized version ).
  24. ↑ a b Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality register for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer GmbH, Stuttgart and Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 695 .
  25. ↑ Bavarian State Office for Statistics and Data Processing (Ed.): Official local directory for Bavaria, territorial status: May 25, 1987 . Issue 450 of the articles on Bavaria's statistics. Munich November 1991, DNB  94240937X , p. 318 ( digitized version ).
  26. ↑ Profile of Kleinziegenfeld , kleinziegenfeld.de, accessed on March 19, 2011
  27. ↑ Distribution of residents in the city of Weismain on January 1, 2012 ( memento from January 5, 2013 in the Internet Archive ), stadt-weismain.de, accessed on December 30, 2012
  28. ↑ Population distribution of the city of Weismain on January 1, 2013 ( memento from March 6, 2013 in the Internet Archive ), stadt-weismain.de, accessed on May 17, 2013
  29. ↑ Distribution of residents in the city of Weismain on January 1, 2015 ( memento from February 20, 2015 in the Internet Archive ), stadt-weismain.de, accessed on October 10, 2015
  30. ↑ Distribution of residents in the city of Weismain on January 1, 2016 ( memento from January 26, 2016 in the Internet Archive ), stadt-weismain.de, accessed on August 15, 2018
  31. ↑ Distribution of residents in the city of Weismain on January 1, 2017 ( memento from August 20, 2017 in the Internet Archive ), stadt-weismain.de, accessed on August 15, 2018
  32. ↑ Distribution of residents in the city of Weismain on January 1, 2018 , stadt-weismain.de, accessed on August 15, 2018
  33. ↑ Nature reserve no. 20 - "Juniper slopes near Kleinziegenfeld" (PDF file; 17 kB), regierung.oberfranken.bayern.de, accessed on December 30, 2012
  34. ↑ a b c Urban (2001), p. 21
  35. ^ Official map - Kleinziegenfeld , geoportal.bayern.de, accessed on December 30, 2012

literature

  • Pia Domagala: There used to be three castles in Kleinziegenfeld . In: From the Franconian homeland , Kulmbach 1996, pp. 3–4
  • Andrea Göldner: From the history of the small goat fields fire brigade . In: 130 Years of the Freiwillige Feuerwehr Kleinziegenfeld , Kleinziegenfeld 2004, scope: 96 pages
  • Josef Urban: Small goat field . In: Heimatgeschichtliche Zeitschrift für der Landkreis Lichtenfels , Volume 10, Verlag Vom Main zum Jura, Eggolsheim 2001, pp. 24–51
  • Josef Urban: New mill wheel at the Stoffelsmühle in Kleinziegenfeld . in: Fränkische Schweiz , Fränk.-Schweiz-Verein, Ebermannstadt 2011, pp. 36–37
  • Josef Urban: From worry to the Kleinziegenfelder valley. Small goat field 1998.

Web links

Commons : Kleinziegenfeld  - Collection of images