Löwenburg Office

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Office Löwenburg 1789 after a map by Wilhelm Fabricius

The Löwenburg office was an administrative unit of the historic Duchy of Berg located on the Siebengebirge , named after the Löwenburg official seat . The office emerged from the former Gaugrafschaft Löwenburg. It was mapped among others by Carl Friedrich von Wiebeking . His topographic-military map of the Duchy of Berg from 1799, recorded together with Johann Christoph Bechstatt, has the spelling Amt Löwenberg .

history

prehistory

On January 21, 1333, Heinrich von Löwenberg and his wife Agnes von Cuyk gave Count Wilhelm von Jülich most of their land as a fief. Five years later they placed their property under the protection of Count Dietrich von Loen and Chiny , Herr zu Heinsberg and Blankenberg . After Heinrich's death in 1350, he took control of the Löwenburg region. After the Lords of Loen-Heinsberg died out in 1448, the Löwenburg rule came to the Counts of Nassau-Saarbrücken and finally in 1484 through the marriage of the heiress Elisabeth of Nassau to Duke Wilhelm III. to the Duchy of Berg and was incorporated into it on March 14 of the same year as the Löwenburg Office.

Office in the Duchy of Berg

The administrative seat was initially the Löwenburg , located in what is now the area of ​​the city of Bad Honnef , which, after numerous changes of ownership, fell to the Duchy of Jülich-Berg in 1484 . The office was administered to 1553 mostly from the castle where the bailiff under the bergischen administration, at least from 1515 had its headquarters.

Official seat of Lülsdorf Castle

Subsequently, in a kind of administrative simplification, the Löwenburg office and the Lülsdorf sub-office were placed under a common bailiff who regularly resided at Lülsdorf Castle until around 1630 and was then temporarily based in Honnef. The financial administration and the judiciary of the two offices in Löwenburg and Lülsdorf remained separate.

From 1555, with the introduction of the so-called Roman law in the Duchy of Berg, a professional judge was appointed for the Löwenburg office, who initially had his residence for a long time in the Rhöndorfer Haus im Turm , in Honnef and finally in the 18th century in the Kommende Ramersdorf . Until 1752, the judge also held the position of financial administrator of the Löwenburg office as rent master . In Honnef as the main court of the office, to whose district Aegidienberg belonged from 1555, civil as well as criminal trials took place. Five lay judges from Honnef and two lay judges from Aegidienberg , one from 1745 onwards, were sent to the court. Up until the 18th century, death sentences were also pronounced there and then carried out at the execution site in Lohfeld . The Hontes parish hall in Honnef served as the prison for the main court .

Officials from 1484

  • Rabod (Berthold) von Plettenberg (until 1490)
  • Bertram von Nesselrode (until around 1540)
  • Franz von Hatzfeld (until 1553)
  • Dietrich Quadt (1553–1557)
  • Jost (Jodukus) by Eller (1557–1568)
  • Daem (Adam) von Harff (1569–1596)
  • Gottfried (father and son) von Steinen (1597–1630)
  • Wilhelm Friedrich von Zweiffel (1630–1636)
  • Wilhelm von Zweiffel (1636–1656)
  • Gumprecht von Velbrück (1656–1666)
  • Johann Friedrich von Buer (Bawyr) zu Frankenberg (1666–1689)
  • Friedrich Ferdinand Bawyr von Frankenberg (1689–1720)
  • Franz Anton Bawyr von Frankenberg (1720–1735)
  • Franz Hugo von Dalwigk (1735–1790)
  • Arnold Gottfried von Bevern (from 1790)
The prefecture of Leuenberg as part of the Duchy of Berg around 1730 according to a map by Matthias Seuter

Area of ​​the office Löwenberg

The Löwenburg district included the parishes of Honnef (main court), Aegidienberg , Nieder- and Oberdollendorf (lower court), Oberkassel , Beuel mit Küdinghoven (lower court), Rheidt (lower court), Niederkassel , Rodenkirchen (lower court) and Sieglar (lower court) as well as the sub-office Lülsdorf . In 1732 there were only courts in Honnef, Oberdollendorf, Rheidt and Sieglar. The so-called “Kugelschützen” (also “Kogelschützen” or “Gugelschützen”) acted as honor and protection guards, and later also as security and police services in the Löwenburg office. At times they consisted of up to 300 men and were subordinate to their captain, the Löwenburg magistrate.

Ploennies' topography from 1715 Topographia Ducatus Montani Erich Philipp Ploennies :

"From the Ambt Lewenberg

“ The Bailiwick of Lülsdorf is added to this office, and consists of four parishes as 1. Lülsdorf, 2. Mondorf, 3. Bercheim, 4. Volberg. Without this parish, however, the part that is under the district judge still has 9 parishes: 1. OberCaßel, 2. NiederCassel, 3. Rath ( Rheidt ) 4. Sieglohr, 5. Rantzel ( Ranzel ), 6. Oberdollendorf, 7. Unter Dollendorf, 8. Honnef, 9. Gilgenberg ( Aegidienberg ). All of this named parish, with the exception of OberCassel, are Catholic, and the Ambt, although it is mostly located on the Rhine, is mountainous in many places, especially since the high mountain called the Siebengebürg is located in it. Otherwise it is a good Ambt and country, especially what is down on the Rhine. "

Victor Loewe: Description of the Duchy of Berg (1740)

Löwenburg Office:

" " ... This office takes the name Lewenberg from a mountain which is not unlike a lying lion, where a castle stood ... The subjects have little fields, meadows and, on the other hand, good vineyards, and the rothe is the best. The people have to pay heavy contributions from it, which is why the subjects mostly consist of minor people. There is a good quarry in Königswinter, which is used far and wide for windows and door frames ... ". "

The Siebengebirge as a geographical term is also assigned to the Löwenburg office, the previous designation was "Löwenburger Land" (in contrast to the historical Land Löwenberg and today's municipality of Löwenberger Land in Brandenburg ).

In 1806 the Duchy of Berg was established in connection with the formation of the Rhine Confederation in the Napoleonic Grand Duchy of Berg . The Löwenburg office initially remained, expanded to include the administrative area of ​​the dissolved Cologne Electorate offices Wolkenburg and Vilich . With the introduction of the municipal administrative regulations on December 12, 1808, the Löwenburg office was dissolved. In 1814 the troop of the Löwenburger riflemen was disbanded.

literature

  • J [ohann] J [oseph] Brungs : The sovereigns of the Löwenburg area and internal conditions of the Löwenburger country and Honnef in particular . In The City of Honnef and its History , Honnef 1925, pp. 56–181.
  • Ernst Nellessen : rule and office of Löwenburg . In: Ders .: The Honnef bell cast from 1694 and other records of the town's history (= Heimat- und Geschichtsverein “Herrschaft Löwenburg” eV: Studies on the local history of the town of Bad Honnef am Rhein , volume 5). Bad Honnef 1982, pp. 9-17.
  • Wilhelm Classen: Castle and office of Lülsdorf under the dukes of Berg . In: Heinrich Olligs: Lülsdorf am Rhein , Cologne 1952, pp. 189-274.
  • Helga Hemgesberg: The Lords of Löwenberg . In: Annals of the Historical Association for the Lower Rhine , Issue 180 / Bonn 1978, pp. 7–50.
  • Matthias Dederichs: Sieglar and the Löwenberg rule . In: Sieglarer Geschichte , Troisdorf 2007, pp. 28–39.

See also

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ http://tukart.ulb.tu-darmstadt.de/395/1/index.htm Digitalisat TU Darmstadt.
  2. ^ Wilhelm Bier, Werner Osterbrink (ed.); Wilhelm W. Hamacher : The Löwenburg: Pictures and data on the history of the castle and its lords . edition Wolkenburg, Rheinbreitbach 2004, ISBN 3-934676-16-2 , p. 114.
  3. ^ The sovereigns of the Löwenburg area . In: JJ Brungs: The city of Honnef and its history , Honnef 1925, pp. 56–120.
  4. ↑ J [ohann] J [oseph] Brungs : The city of Honnef and its history . Verlag des St. Sebastianus-Schützenverein, Honnef 1925, p. 122/123 (reprinted 1978 by Löwenburg-Verlag, Bad Honnef).
  5. ^ Wilhelm Classen: Castle and Office Lülsdorf under the dukes of Berg . In: Heinrich Olligs: Lülsdorf am Rhein , Lülsdorf 1952, p. 210.
  6. ↑ August Haag (ed.): Bad Honnef am Rhein. Contributions to the history of our home community on the occasion of their city elevation 100 years ago. Verlag der Honnefer Volkszeitung, Bad Honnef 1962, p. 30.
  7. ↑ J [ohann] J [oseph] Brungs : The city of Honnef and its history . Verlag des St. Sebastianus-Schützenverein, Honnef 1925, p. 125 (reprinted 1978 by Löwenburg-Verlag, Bad Honnef).
  8. ↑ Ernst Nellessen: The Honnefer Glockenguß , Bad Honnef 1982, p. 14.
  9. ↑ Heinrich Olligs: Lülsdorf am Rhein , Cologne 1952, pp 211, 244 u. 248.
  10. ^ Wilhelm Fabricius : Explanations for the Historical Atlas of the Rhine Province . 2nd vol., The map of 1789, division and development of the territories from 1600 to 1794 / Bonn 1898, pp. 315-316.
  11. ^ Ferdinand Schmitz : The Mark Dollendorf . Bergisch Gladbach 1925, p. 68.
  12. ↑ August Haag (ed.): Bad Honnef am Rhein. Contributions to the history of our home community on the occasion of their city elevation 100 years ago. Verlag der Honnefer Volkszeitung, Bad Honnef 1962, pp. 26, 31.
  13. ^ Erich Philipp Ploennies: Topographia Ducatus Montani (1715) , 1st part: Description of the country and views. Edited and edited by Burkhard Dietz, Neustadt / Aisch 1988, pp. 84–86.
  14. ↑ Victor Loewe: A political and economic description of the Duchy of Berg from 1740. In: Contributions to the history of the Lower Rhine , year book of the Düsseldorfer Geschichts-Verein, 15. Bd./ Düsseldorf 1900, pp. 165-181. Here: p. 170
  15. ↑ Winfried Biesing: From the office of Wolkenburg to the canton of Königswinter , Königswinter 1984.
  16. ^ Wilhelm Bier, Werner Osterbrink (ed.); Wilhelm W. Hamacher : The Löwenburg: Pictures and data on the history of the castle and its lords . edition Wolkenburg, Rheinbreitbach 2004, ISBN 3-934676-16-2 , p. 144.