Hilde Holger

Anton Josef Trčka : Hilde Holger (1925)

Hilde Boman-Behram (born October 18, 1905 in Vienna , Austria-Hungary , † September 24, 2001 in London - Camden ), née Sofer, known by her stage name Hilde Holger , was an expressionist dancer, dance teacher and choreographer whose pioneering work in the integrated dance converted to modern dance .

family

Holger came from a liberal Jewish family. She was born in Vienna in 1905 as the daughter of Alfred Sofer and Elise Sofer, née Schreiber. Her father, who wrote poetry , died in 1908. Hilde Holger's grandfather was a shoemaker for the Austrian court .

After Austria was annexed to the National Socialist German Reich in 1938 , Holger fled Vienna in 1939. Since she was denied entry in Great Britain , she went to India . In Bombay she met the well-known homeopath and art lover Dr. Ardeshir Kavasji Boman-Behram (also known as Dr. Adi Boman for short), whom she married in 1940. Holger's mother, stepfather, her sister and 14 other family members died in the Holocaust .

Hilde Holger was the mother of two children. Her daughter Primavera Boman-Behram, born in 1946, later became a dancer, choreographer, sculptor and jewelry designer in New York . In 1948 the family moved to Great Britain. The son Darius Boman-Behram was born with Down syndrome in 1949 and inspired Hilde Holger to work with the mentally handicapped .

Career

Hilde Holger started dancing at the age of six. Since she was still too young for an academy at the time, she started show dancing. Ten years later she toured across Europe with the “Bodenwieser Ballet Group” founded by Gertrud Bodenwieser . They were admirers of the work of Isadora Duncan and Ruth St. Denis . Gertrud Bodenwieser was her teacher and also a friend. At the age of 18, Hilde Holger made her debut as a solo dancer in Vienna. Later she founded her dance group , the "Hilde Holger Tanzgruppe", and also a children's dance group.

Anton Josef Trčka: Hilde Holger (1926)

In 1926 Holger discovered her passion for teaching and opened her own dance school , "The New School for Movement Arts" in the Palais Ratibor in Vienna.

By the entry of German troops on 12 March 1938 in Austria and the adopted law on the reunification of Austria with the German Reich , the dictatorship of the Nazi regime under Adolf Hitler was replaced what it Holger as a Jewish act prohibited and work. In 1939, however, with the help of her friend Charles Petrach, she managed to leave the country. She decided to flee to India, as this is the country with the greatest attraction for artists from the western population, as she herself said.

India gave her the opportunity to incorporate new influences into her work, especially the hand movements. In classical Indian dances around 300 different hand movements are used to express life and nature in all their diversity. In 1941 Holger opened a new dance school in Bombay, to which she accepted all races , religions and nationalities . There she taught her students that it is not enough to learn the movements if the mind is not also trained. As in Vienna, Holger became part of the art community. She made friends with the world-famous Indian dancer Ram Gopal, who also taught in her dance school. In 1948 the family left India because of the first Indo-Pakistani war and the violence it caused between Hindus and Muslims to move to England .

After only a few months in England, Holger and her new group were already performing in parks and theaters again. Here, too, she opened a new dance school, "The Hilde Holger School of Contemporary Dance" and remained true to her style of teaching that body and mind must form a unit in order to be a good dancer. Holger celebrated her breakthrough in London in 1951 with the premiere of "Under the Seas", inspired by the composition of Camille Saint-Saëns . Her work was very much influenced by the cities and countries in which she performed and taught. In 1972 she performed a play called "Man against flood" in honor of the Chinese Communist Party member Rewi Alley . In the performance there were dancers who built a human wall against floods. "Rock Paintings" (1975) referred to the artistic and cultural influence of London, while "Apsaras" (1983) was the exploration of her experiences in India. In the summer of 1983 she went back to India, where she was for the last time in 1948. There she worked as a choreographer for a large dance group directed by Sachin Shankars.

Holger was particularly proud of her work with the mentally handicapped. She created a form of dance therapy from which children who, like their son Darius, have Down syndrome, should benefit. Holger became the first female choreographer to perform with young adults with severe learning disabilities in 1968. The piece was called "Towards the Light", with music by Edvard Grieg in Sadler's Wells .

Life's work

Hilde Holger has made a lasting impression on three generations of choreographers and dancers. As a teacher, she always insisted on the highest standards and never shied away from taking risks, despite everything, her students loved her. She accepted anyone into her dance schools who was open and free of prejudice , as she also taught students with intellectual disabilities. Her work with people with Down syndrome and intellectual disabilities was continued by one of her students, Wolfgang Stange. Stange founded the AMICI dance theater group in 1980 with mentally and physically disabled people and professionals. He said that Holger taught him to see the value of honesty on stage. In honor of his mentor , he performed dance pieces by Holger, including at the Odeon Theater in Vienna. The ballet master of the Vienna State Ballet was so enthusiastic about this performance that a few years later he presented performances with young people with severe learning disabilities in the Vienna Opera House. These performances were received with great acclaim.

In her final weeks, Holger held dance lessons in her basement studio in Camden Town , London , where she lived and worked for more than fifty years. Her students included Liz Aggiss, Jane Asher , Primavera Boman, Carol Brown, Carl Campbell, Sophie Constanti, Jeff Henry, Ivan Illich , Luke Jennings, Thomas Kampe, Claudia Kappenberg, Cecilia Keen Abdeen, Lindsay Kemp , Juliet Miangay-Cooper, Royston Maldoom OBE , Anna Niman, David Niman, Litz Pisk, Kristina Rihanoff, Kelvin Rotardier, Feroza Seervai, Rebecca Skelton, Marion Stein, Sheila Styles, Jacqueline Waltz and Vally Wieselthier .

archive

After Holger's death in 2001, her daughter Primavera began a journey to discover the truth about her mother's life as a famous dancer. She began collecting archives to document her mother's life and career from the remaining physical legacy. The archive is not on permanent display, although there have been numerous exhibits that have included many of Holger's artifacts.

MoveABOUT

In 2010, six of Holger's students, Boman, Campbell, Kampe, Maldoom, Stange & Waltz, met for a series of lectures and dance workshops at Interchange Studios in the old town hall of Hampstead, north London, to commemorate Holger's pioneering work in inclusive Dance, entitled MoveABOUT: Transformation through movement. Each former student led an inclusive dance workshop to celebrate their very own style, which Holger helped promote in them. These workshops introduced their work to another generation of dancers and interested individuals in their groundbreaking methods and beliefs about the power of dance, which in their own lives crossed many borders, cultures and religions.

choreography

year	performance	music	Meeting place	Others
1923	Bouree	Johann Sebastian Bach	Vienna Secession
1923	A soap bubble	Claude Debussy	Vienna Secession
1923	Trout	Franz Schubert	Vienna Secession
1923	Humorous	Max Reger	Vienna Secession
1923	Le Martyre de Saint Sebastien	Claude Debussy	Vienna Secession
1923	Rider in the storm	Siegfried Frederick Nadel	Vienna Secession
1923	Sarabande	Johann Sebastian Bach	Vienna Secession
1923	Trout
1923	Bird as prophet	Franz Schubert	Vienna Secession
1926	Funeral March for a Canary	Lord Berners
1926	Mechanical Ballet
1929	Chaconne & Variations	George Frideric Handel
1929	English sheep dance	Percy Aldridge Grainger
1929	Hebrew dance solo	Alexander Moiseevich Veprik
1929	Life change	Karel Boleslav Jirák
1929	march	Sergei Sergeyevich Prokofiev
1929	The Martyrdom of Saint Sebastien	Claude Debussy
1929	mother Earth	Heinz Graupner
1929	Sarabande and Bourree	Johann Sebastian Bach
1929	Dance according to Romanian motifs	Béla Bartók
1931	Javanese impression	Heinz Graupner
1933	Kabbalistic dance	Vittorio Rieti
1936	Ahasver	Marcel Rubin	Adult Education Center, Vienna
1936	Barbara song	Kurt Weill	Adult Education Center, Vienna
1936	Angel of the Annunciation	georg Friedrich Handel	Adult Education Center, Vienna
1937	Flemish picture floor	after Breughel	Volksbildungshaus, Stöbergasse, Vienna
1937	Golem	Friedrich Wilckens	Volksbildungshaus, Stöbergasse, Vienna
1937	Mystical circle	Rudolph Reti	Volksbildungshaus, Stöbergasse, Vienna
1937	Oriental dance	Graupner	Volksbildungshaus, Stöbergasse, Vienna
1937	Passacaglia	georg Friedrich Handel	Volksbildungshaus, Stöbergasse, Vienna
1937	tango	Ralph Benatzky	Volksbildungshaus, Stöbergasse, Vienna
1948	Annunciation
1948	Emperor's new clothes	Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
1948	Pavane	Maurice Ravel
1948	Russian Fairy Tales	Alexander Porfirjewitsch Borodin , Modest Petrovich Mussorgsky
1948	Selfish Giant
1948	Tales and Legends in Modern Ballet
1948	Viennese Waltz	Johann Strauss II
1952	Dance with Cymbals on the Indian Ocean
1952	Dance with Tambourines	Fritz Dietrich
1952	nocturne	Heinz Graupner
1952	Slavic dance	Antonín Dvořák
1954	Aztec Cult (Sacrifice)
1954	Barbar the Elephant
1954	Old Vienna
1954	Orchid
1954	Rhythm of the East
1954	Selfish Giant
1954	Tibetan Prayer Songs
1955	Angels
1955	Dance Etudes
1955	Galliarde-Siciliano	Ottorino Respighi
1955	Hoops	Georges Bizet
1955	jazz	Heinz Graupner
1955	Men & Horses	John S. Beckett
1955	Toccata	Pietro Domenico paradise
1955	Under the Sea	Camille Saint-Saëns	Sadler's Wells
1955	Valse Caprice	Aram Khachaturian
1956	Etude
1956	Prelude	Johann Sebastian Bach
1956	Theme and Variations	George Frideric Handel
1957	Allegro Vivaci	Johann Sebastian Bach
1957	Bird
1957	Café Dansant	George Gershwin
1957	Egypt
1957	The Hunter and the Geese
1957	Madonna
1957	March	Lev Knipper
1957	Nativity	George Frideric Handel , Franz Schubert , Johann Sebastian Bach
1957	Sale	Johann Strauss II
1957	The Toyshop	Aram Khachaturian
1957	Stranger	Aaron Copland
1957	Witches Kitchen and Walpurgis Night	Paul Dukas
1958	Dance divertissement
1958	Dance for four women	Joaquín Turina
1958	Dance with Bells	John S. Beckett
1958	Ritual Fire Dance	Manuel de Falla
1958	Song of the Earth	Antonín Dvořák
1960	Allegro	Arcangelo Corelli
1960	Dawn of Life
1960	The Farmer's Curst Wife	Peter Warlock
1960	Frankie and Johannie	Peter Warlock
1960	Imaginary Invalid	Gioachino Rossini
1960	Secret Annexe
1960	West Indian Spiritual
1961	Dance for Two	Germaine Tailleferre
1961	Egypt
1961	The House of Bernarda Alba (The Sisters)	Joaquín Turina		written by Federico Lorca
1961	Metamorphoses	ovid
1961	Pierrot	Johann Sebastian Bach
1963	Dance for Men
1963	Dream	Friedrich Wilckens
1963	Lady Isobel and the Elf Knight	Peter Warlock
1963	Narcissus (The Image)	Heinz Graupner
1965	Ballad of the Hanged (Villons Epitaph)
1965	Cain's Morning
1965	Canticle of the Sun	Johann Pachelbel
1965	Creation of Adam & Eve	Olivier Messiaen
1965	Nightwalkers	Olivier Messiaen
1965	Saint Francis and his sermon to the birds
1968	Angelic Prelude - Inspirations	Giuseppe Torelli
1968	Salome	Philip Croot
1968	Towards the light	Edvard Grieg	Sadler's Wells
1968	The Wise & Foolish Virgins	Philip Croot
1970	The Scarecrow
1971	Snowchild
1972	Bamboo	Aram Khachaturian	Commonwealth Institute, London
1972	bauhaus	Erik Satie	Commonwealth Institute, London
1972	Embrace	Erik Satie	Commonwealth Institute, London
1972	Flight		Commonwealth Institute, London
1972	Hieronymus Bosch	Roger Cutts	Commonwealth Institute, London
1972	Honoré Daumier		Commonwealth Institute, London
1972	The Hypopatic Doctor	Gioachino Rossini , Franz Schubert	Commonwealth Institute, London
1972	Inspirations	Sergei Rachmaninoff , Claude Debussy	Commonwealth Institute, London
1972	Man against Flood	Yin Chengzong	Commonwealth Institute, London	based on the book by Rewi Alley
1972	Prelude
1972	Renaissance, Scene on Earth, Scene on Heaven	Mompou, Gordon Langford , Banchieri	Commonwealth Institute, London
1972	Shiva and the Grasshopper	Gordon Langford	Commonwealth Institute, London	based on the poem by Kipling
1972	suspension	Maurice Ravel	Commonwealth Institute, London
1972	Tranquility	Alan Hovhaness	Commonwealth Institute, London
1972	Tribal Nocturne	Béla Bartók	Commonwealth Institute, London
1974	Archaic
1974	Bamboo	Aram Khachaturian
1974	Egypt	Giuseppe Verdi
1974	Hieronymus Bosch	Roger Cutts
1974	The Hunter and the Hunted
1974	Paul Klee Spring Awakening	Béla Bartók
1974	Renaissance	Federico Mompou
1974	Spring Awakening
1975	Inspirations	Sergei Rachmaninov , Claude Debussy	Hampstead Theater, London
1975	Mobiles	Alfredo Casella	Hampstead Theater, London
1975	Paul Klee Spring Awakening	Béla Bartók	Hampstead Theater, London
1975	Rock paintings	Roger Cutts	Hampstead Theater, London
1975	Toulouse Lautrec	Erik Satie	Hampstead Theater, London
1976	The Park
1977	Prelude and Chorale	César Franck
1977	Sacred and Profane Dance
1979	African poetry
1979	Apsaras
1979	Homage to Barbara Hepworth	Heitor Villa-Lobos
1979	Prelude	Giuseppe Torelli
1979	Tower of Mothers	Carl Orff
1979	Traditional ballet			choreographed by Oskar Schlemmer
1979	We are dancing	Johann Sebastian Bach
1983	The Bow and Arrow	David Sutton-Anderson	Hampstead Theater, London
1983	Fishes	David Sutton-Anderson	Hampstead Theater, London
1983	The Letter	Coleridge	Hampstead Theater, London
1983	The manikin	Coleridge	Hampstead Theater, London
1983	The Penguin Story	David Sutton-Anderson	Hampstead Theater, London
1983	Pick a back	Coleridge	Hampstead Theater, London
1983	Poems on a Boy's Painting	David Sutton-Anderson	Hampstead Theater, London	Poems by Ke Yan , pictures by Bu Di
1983	Sea and Sand		Hampstead Theater, London	Poems from Rewi Alley
1983	Sea, Clouds, Sparkling Lighthouse, Flames		Hampstead Theater, London
1983	Umbrellas		Hampstead Theater, London	Poems by Ke Yan , pictures by Bu Di
1983	What is a poem	David Sutton-Anderson	Hampstead Theater, London
1984	The City	Marcel Rubin	Hampstead Theater, London
1984	Don Quixote	David Sutton-Anderson	Hampstead Theater, London
1984	ritual	David Sutton-Anderson	Hampstead Theater, London
1984	scherzo	Frédéric Chopin
1988	Children of the suburb	Franz Lehár	Hampstead Theater, London
1988	Childrens' Games
1988	Death and the Maiden	Franz Schubert	Hampstead Theater, London
1988	Egon Schiele in Memoriam, The Dying Empire	Ostrich	Hampstead Theater, London
1988	The Family	Hugo Wolf	Hampstead Theater, London
1988	Flemish Picture Sheet
1988	Flood players
1988	Four Seasons	Antonio Vivaldi	Hampstead Theater, London
1988	Golem	Wilckens
1988	Hands	David Sutton-Anderson	Hampstead Theater, London
1988	The least is the most	Drums: David Sutton-Anderson	Hampstead Theater, London
1988	Mechanical Ballet	Ludwig Hirschfeld Mack
1988	Models	Franz Schubert , Arnold Schoenberg	Hampstead Theater, London
1995	Whales
2000	Rhythms of the Unconscious Mind

literature

• Aggiss, Liz and Billy Cowie: Anarchic Dance. Routledge, UK & US 2006, ISBN 9780415365178 .
• Akinleye, Adesola and Helen Kindred: In-the-between-ness, Decolonizing and Re-inhabiting Our Dancing. Im Narratives in Black-British dance. Middlesex University, London 2018, ISBN 9783319703138 .
• Amort, Andrea ed .: Everything is dancing; Cosmos of Viennese dance modernity. Hatje Cantz, Berlin - Stuttgart 2019/20, ISBN 978-3-7757-4567-3 . Exhibition in the Theater Museum Vienna.
• Amort, Andrea: Free Dance in Interwar Vienna, p. 117-142. In Deborah Holmes & Lisa Silverman: Interwar Vienna. Culture between Tradition and Modernity. Camden House, New York 2009, ISBN 9781571134202 .
• Amort, Andrea: Hanna Berger. Traces of a dancer in the resistance. Brandstätter, Vienna 2010, ISBN 978-3-85033-188-3 .
• Amort, Andrea: Dance in Exile. Exhibition in the Theater Museum Vienna.
• Amort, Andrea and Mimi Wunderer-Gosch: Austria Tanzt, History and the Present. Festspielhaus, Vienna, Koln, Weimar 2001, ISBN 3-205-99226-1 .
• Barbieri, Donatella and Melissa Trimingham: Costume in Performance - Materiality, Culture, and the Body. Bloomsbury Academic 2017, ISBN 978-1-4742-3687-4 .
• Benjamin, Adam: Making an Entrance. Routledge, UK 2001, ISBN 0415251435 .
• Botstein, Leon and Werner Hanak: Quasi una fantasia - Jews and the music city of wine (exhibition). Jewish Museum Vienna 2003, ISBN 3936000069 .
• Brandstatter, Christian: Antios - Anton Josef Trcka 1893-1940. Wine - Munich 1999.
• Bury, Dr. Stephen: Breaking the Rules. The Printed Face of the Avant Garde 1900-1937. The British Library 2007/8, ISBN 9780712309806 . Videos by Liz Aggiss, music by Billy Cowie.
• Carter, Alexandra: Rethinking Dance History, A Reader. Routledge, US & UK 2004, ISBN 9780415287470 .
• Chowdhury, Indira: A Season to Dance, Hilde Holger (1905-2001). In the Kenneth X. Robbins: Jews and the Indian National Art Project. Publications, Research and Exhibitions. Niyogi books 2015, ISBN 9789383098545 .
• Colah, Zasha: Body Luggage. Catalog of the exhibition, Kunsthaus Graz 2016/7.
• Coleman, Roger: Design For The Future. DuMont, Koln 1997, ISBN 3770141873 .
• Corbett O'Malley, Elizabeth: Hilde Holger and the Embodiment of the In-Betweenness. Hollins University, Virginia, USA 2019.
• Douer, Alisa and Ursula Seeber: Women in Vienna. A photo book by Alisa Douer, with texts by Ursula Seeber. City Council, Vienna 2002, ISBN 3950097872 .
• Dunlop MacTavish, Shona: Gertrud Bodenwieser. Signs and traces, Vienna, Sydney 1992, ISBN 90-5755-035-0 .
• Faber, Dr. Monika: Dance of the hands. Tilly Losch and Hedy Pfundmayr in photographs 1920–1935. Photoinstitute Bonartes, Walter Moser, Vienna 2014, ISBN 3700318960 .
• Faber, Dr. Monika: Dance Photo, Approaches and Experiments 1880–1946. Austrian photo archive in the Museum of Modern Art; Museum of the 20th Century, Wine 1990/1.
• Franz, Dr. Margit: Exile meets avant-garde, Exiles Art Networks in Bombay. In Margit Franz & Heimo Halbrainer: Going East - Going South. Austrian Exile in Asia and Africa. Graz 2014, ISBN 3902542349 .
• Franz, Dr. Margit: German-speaking Medical Exile to British India 1933-1945, p. 71-72. Im Konrad Helmut & Benedik Stefan: Mapping Contemporary History II. Exemplary fields of research in 25 years on Contemporary History Studies at Graz University. Böhlau, Wein - Koln - Weimar 2010, ISBN 3205785185 .
• Franz, Dr. Margit and Karl Wimmler: Fritz Kolb, Life in the Retort. As an Austrian alpinist in Indian internment camps. At Gateway India. German-speaking exile in India between British. Colonial rule, Maharajas and Gandhi. Clio, Graz 2015, ISBN 3902542314 .
• Society, Kestener: Anton Josef Trcka, Edward Weston, Helmut Newton. Scalo, Zurich - Berlin - New York 1998. ISBN 3931141888 .
• Grunwald-Spier, Agnes: The Other Schindlers. The History Press, UK 2010, ISBN 0752457063
• Hammer blow, Peter: Kringel, Schlingel, Borgia. Turia and Kant, Wein 1997.
• Herrberg, Heike and Heidi Wagner: Wiener Melange - women between salon and coffee house. Ebersbach, Berlin 2014. 2nd Edition, ISBN 3869150939 .
• Herrberg, Heike and Heidi Wagner. Wiener Melange 1902, women between salon and coffee house. Edition Ebersbach, Berlin 2002, ISBN 978-3-86915-093-2 .
• Hirschbach, Danny & Rick Takvorian: Biography. The power of dance, Hilde Holger - Vienna, Bombay, London. Signs and traces, Bremen 1990, ISBN 3-924588-19-8 .
• Jordan, Stephanie: Striding Out. Dance Books Ltd., London 1992, ISBN 1-85273-032-3 .
• Kampe, Thomas: Between Three Worlds. Hilde Holger the choreographer (PDF), p. 20. Im Charmian Brinson & Richard Dove: German-speaking Exiles in the Performing Arts in Britain after 1933. Vol. 14. Rodopi, the Netherlands 2013, ISBN 9042036516 .
• Krejci, Harald and Patrick Werkner (curators): Wiener Kinetismus. A Dynamic show consisting of Cubist and Futurist paintings, and Vienna Kineticism - including a dance pose with Hilde Holger by Anton Josef Trcka. Belvedere, Vienna 2011.
• Maldoom, Royston and Jacalyn Carley: Dance for Your Life. My work, my story. S. Ficher, Frankfurt 2010, ISBN 9783100473905 .
• Mayerhöfer, Josef: DANCE 20th century In Vienna. Exhibition catalog of the Austrian Theater Museum, Vienna 1979. Im Jarmila Weißenböck & Andrea Amort: exhibition and catalog. Article no .: FD5-774
• Perret, René: Martin Imboden. A forgotten photographer. Bern Benteli Verlag, Switzerland 1996, ISBN 3716510408 .
• Riedl, Joachim: Vienna, City of Jews - The world of Aunt Jolesch (exhibition). Jewish Museum Vienna, Paul Zsolnay 2004, ISBN 3552053158 .
• Sawyers, Adam and Geanina Beres: Indepen-Dance, an oral history. Report on Inclusive Dance. Glasgow 2017.
• Paperback, Rowohlt: Jewish women in the 19th and 20th centuries Lexicon on life and work. Reinbek near Hamburg 1993, ISBN 9783499163449 .
• Toepfer, Karl: Empire of Ecstasy, Nudity and Movement in German Body Culture, 1910–1935. University of California Press 1997, ISBN 0-520-20663-0 .
• Unknown: Inclusive dance. Springer 2003.
• Vernon-Warren, Bettina & Charles Warren: Gertrud Bodenwieser and Vienna's Contribution to Expression Dance. Routledge 1992, ISBN 90-5755-035-0 .
• Waltz, Jacqueline: Creative and expressive Dance Movement Theory for older adults using the Holger Method - Who says it's all down hill from here ?. University of Hertfordshire 2003.

Web links

Commons : Hilde Holger  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

• Internet Archive of Jewish Women (English)
• Leslie Horvitz: The Hilde Holger Biography. at hildeholger.com

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Hilde Holger. Central European Expressionist Dancer. (No longer available online.) Www.hildeholger.com, 2007, archived from the original on November 14, 2006 ; accessed on December 18, 2012 (English). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
2. ↑ Hilde Holger. Central European Expressionist Dancer. (No longer available online.) 50yearsindance.com/category/hilde-holger, 2011, archived from the original on February 12, 2016 ; accessed on February 12, 2016 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
3. ^ Marina Sassenberg: Hilde Holger. Jewish Woman's Archive, accessed December 18, 2012 . 
4. ↑ Julia Pascal: Adi Boman. Scientist on an unresolved search for a cancer cure. In: The Guardian . March 8, 2000, accessed December 18, 2012 . 
5. ↑ ^{a b} Ardeshir Kavasji Boman Behram 1909-2000. sueyounghistories.com, December 22, 2008, accessed December 18, 2012 . 
6. ^ W. Lei: Man Against Flood. In: The Hong Kong New Evening Post. October 10, 1972 (Chinese)
7. ↑ Julia Pascal: Hilde Holger. As a dancer and teacher she kept the spirit of German expressionism alive in London. The Guardian , September 26, 2001, accessed December 27, 2012 . 
8. ↑ Lindsay Kemp obituary . The Guardian. 2018.
9. ↑ British choreographer and mime Lindsay Kemp dies . The Guardian. 2018.
10. ↑ Gulliver, J .: Prim Boman-Behram and the pioneering dancer Hilde Holger - Old letters reveal her mother's true identity. In: The Camden New Journal. November 4, 2010
11. ↑ Hilde Holger Centenary. hildeholger.com, July 5, 2019, accessed July 5, 2019 . 
12. ↑ MoveABOUT: Transformation through movement. Austrian Cultural Forum London, July 10, 2019, accessed on July 10, 2019 (English).