Hugo III (Burgundy)

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Seal of Hugos III.

Hugo III ( French Hugues III , * probably 1148; † August 25, 1192 in Akkon ) was a Duke of Burgundy from the Capetian dynasty ( House of Burgundy ) and a Dauphin of Viennois by marriage .

He was the eldest son of Duke Odo II of Burgundy and Marie, a daughter of Count Theobald IV / II. from Blois-Champagne . Since Hugo was not of age when his father died in 1162, his mother initially took over the guardianship government.

Life

Hugo personally took over the reign in Burgundy around 1165 and pursued a policy to strengthen his ducal power. In 1166 he supported King Louis VII of France in the fight against the rebellious Count of Chalon and received half of the county of Chalon in return. In 1171 he accompanied his uncle Count Stephan I von Sancerre on a pilgrimage to the Holy Land . After his return to France he fought against the Count of Nevers , whom he defeated and captured on April 30, 1174 in a battle near Beaune . As a condition for his freedom, the count had to take the feudal oath towards Hugo. In 1177 Hugo took over the guardianship of the related but underage Mr. von Issoudun and thus extended his influence to the Berry . In the spring of 1183 he supported the revolt of the "young king" Heinrich against his father, King Henry II of England , but withdrew to Burgundy after the rapid death of young Heinrich.

Because he claimed the feudal lordship over the castle of Vergy, which was located near today's Reulle-Vergy , Hugo took up the siege towards the beginning of 1184 and sealed it off with four siege rings. The Lord von Vergy immediately placed himself under the protection of the crown and was able to send a message to King Philip II August in good time , who in turn moved with an army in front of Vergy. After the royal troops had overcome the four siege rings, Hugo felt compelled to break off the siege and retreat. Complaints from the Burgundian clergy about Hugo's oppressive rule prompted the king to take military action against him in the years that followed. Because he refused to pay 30,000 Paris pounds in damages to the Burgundian clergy, King Philip II invaded Burgundy a second time in 1184 and besieged the castle of Châtillon-sur-Seine , which was defended by Hugo's son. After a three-week and losing battle, the defenders had to surrender, whereupon Hugo made a peace with the king by waiving him the payment of damages.

Third crusade

Together with King Philip II of August, King Henry II of England, his son Richard the Lionheart and several French knights, Hugo took the cross at Gisors on January 13, 1188 for the third crusade . The start of this venture was delayed due to the mutual rivalries of these three rulers, the settlement of which Hugo and Archbishop Wilhelm von Reims successfully mediated with the English king in Saumur in July 1189 . Shortly after the peace agreement, King Henry II of England died, whereupon his son Richard the Lionheart took over the leadership of the English crusaders. In Sicily in 1190 Hugo again acted as a mediator between the Lionheart and King Tankred regarding the payment of the Wittum of Johanna , from which he immediately received several ounces of gold as a Christmas present from the Lionheart.

When King Philip II left for France after the siege of Acre in July 1191, he entrusted Hugo with the leadership of the French crusaders who remained in the holy land. In the conflict over the kingship in Jerusalem he supported Konrad von Montferrat , who ruled in Tire , but recognized Richard the Lionheart's leadership over the further crusade. In response to the beheading of Christian prisoners by Saladin , the two decided to execute their prisoners on August 20, 1191. As the leader of the third series of battles, Hugo distinguished himself in the Battle of Arsuf , even if he was in dire straits.

In December 1191, Hugo fell out with Richard the Lionheart after he had broken off the advance on Jerusalem and refused to let the French knights share in the ransom money brought in by the prisoners of the siege of Acre. In Askalon Hugo left the crusade army and moved to Acre. From there he then ordered the approximately 700 French knights who were still in the army to come to him, which considerably weakened Richard's fighting ability against Saladin . Heinrich von Champagne , who rose to become the new King of Jerusalem in April 1192 after the assassination of the Margrave of Montferrat , was able to reconcile him with the Lionheart and together they made a second attempt at the holy city, which led to the conquest of Beit Nabu (Betenoble). Here Richard the Lionheart decided again to break off the offensive, as a siege of Jerusalem did not seem promising to him. Thereupon Hugo broke again with the English king in June 1192 and withdrew again towards Acre with his French knights. Not without adding a mocking verse to Lionheart, which is said to have been so repulsive that the author of the Itinerarium Regis Ricardi refused to reproduce it verbatim. The English chronicler Roger von Hoveden, in turn, blamed Hugo for failing to attack Jerusalem because, with his departure, he had sabotaged Richard the Lionheart's plan. Roger von Wendover even claimed that Hugo had been bribed by Saladin for his deduction. In any case, in return for the peace he later negotiated with Saladin, Lionheart negotiated a ban on pilgrimages to Jerusalem for all French while his knights were allowed to visit the holy grave .

Hugo III von Burgundy died of an illness in Acre in August 1192 , and his body was transferred to the abbey of Cîteaux for burial .

Marriage and offspring

Hugo III married his first marriage. 1165 Alix (* 1145; † 1200), daughter of Duke Matthew I of Lorraine and Bertha of Swabia. Your children were:

  1. ⚭ Spring 1194, divorced 1195, Mathilde Infanta of Portugal (* probably 1157; † (drowned) May 6, 1218), daughter of King Alfonso I.
  2. ⚭ 1199 Alix von Vergy (* probably 1182; † 1252 after March 8th) 1218–1229 regent of Burgundy, daughter of Hugo von Vergy .
  • Alexandre (* 1170; † 1205), lord of Montaigu, progenitor of the lords of Montagu
  • Douce (* 1175; † after 1219) ⚭ 1196 Simon von Semur († 1219), lord of Luzy ( House of Semur )
  • Alix (* 1177) ⚭ Béraud VII. , Lord of Mercoeur

Hugo disowned Alix in 1183 and in the same year concluded his second marriage to Beatrix von Albon (* 1161; † 1228), Dauphine von Viennois , heir to Dauphin Guigues V and Beatrix von Montferrat ; the children from this marriage were:

swell

  • Itinerarium peregrinorum et gesta regis Ricardi , ed. by William Stubbs: Chronicles and Memorials of the Reign of Richard I , in: Rolls Series 38 (1864), Vol. 1 ("Itinerarium")
  • Gesta Regis Henrici Secundis et Gesta Regis Ricardi Benedicti abbatis , ed. by William Stubbs in: Rolls Series 49 (1867), Vol. 2 ("Gesta")
  • Roger von Hoveden , Chronica magistri Rogeri de Houedene , ed. by William Stubbs in: Rolls Series 51 (1870), Vol. 3 ("Chronica")
  • L'Estoire de Eracles empereur , in: Recueil des historiens des croisades (RHC) (1859), Historiens Occidentaux II ("Eracles")
  • Rigord , Gesta Philippi Augusti , ed. by Léopold Delisle in: Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France (RHGF) 17 (1878), pp. 4–62 ("Gesta Philippi")
  • Roger von Wendover , Flores Historiarum , ed. by JA Giles: Roger of Wendower's Flowers of History (1849), Vol. 2 ("Flores Historiarum")

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Suger von Saint-Denis , Historia gloriosi regis Ludovici VII filii Ludovici Grossi , in: RHGF 12 (1877), p. 131
  2. ^ Wilhelm von Tire , Historia Rerum in partibus transmarinis gestarum. XX, §25, In: RHC (1844), Historiens occidentaux II, p. 988.
  3. ↑ On the peace treaty between Burgundy and Nevers see Jean Dumont: Corps universel diplomatique du droit des gens, contenant un recueil des traitez d'alliance, de paix, de trève, de neutralité, de commerce, etc., qui ont été faits en Europe, depuis le règne de l'empereur Charlemagne jusques à présent I (1726), No. CLVII, p. 90.
  4. ↑ Robert von Torigni , Chronicorum , ed. by Léopold Delisle (1873), Vol. 2, p. 69
  5. ^ Gesta Philippi , p. 15; The Chronologia Roberti Altissiodorensis ( RHGF 18, p. 252) dates the liberation of Vergy by King Philip II to the year 1186.
  6. ^ Gesta Philippi , p. 16
  7. ^ Gesta Philippi , p. 25
  8. ↑ Gesta , p. 69
  9. ↑ Itinerarium Lib. II, Cap. XVIII, p. 166; Gesta Philippi , p. 31
  10. ↑ Gesta , p. 185; Chronica , p. 123; Eracles Liv. 26, cap. V, pp. 180-181; Gesta Philippi , p. 36
  11. ↑ Gesta , pp. 186-187; Itinerarium Lib. III, Cap. XXIII, p. 239
  12. ↑ Gesta , p. 189; Chronica , p. 127
  13. ↑ Gesta , p. 192; Chronica , p. 129; Itinerarium Lib. IV, Cap. XVII, p. 261
  14. ↑ Chronica , p. 175; Itinerarium Lib. V, Cap. III and IX, pp. 311 and 320-321
  15. ↑ Itinerarium Lib. V, Cap. XIII-XIV, pp. 325-327
  16. ↑ Chronica , pp. 181-182
  17. ↑ Itinerarium Lib. VI, Cap. VIII, pp. 394-396; Eracles Liv. 26, cap. VIII, pp. 185-186
  18. ↑ Chronica , pp. 182-183
  19. ↑ Flores Historiarum , pp. 116-117
  20. ↑ Itinerarium Lib. VI, Cap. XXX, pp. 431-432
  21. ↑ For the place of death Akkon see Gesta , p. 150; Chronica , p. 184, Flores Historiarum , p. 118 and Eracles Liv. 26, cap. IX, p. 187

Web links

predecessor Office successor
Odo II Duke of Burgundy 1162–1192
Blason Ducs Bourgogne (ancien) .svg
Odo III.
Beatrix of Albon Dauphin of Viennois
(de iure uxoris )
1183–1192 		Beatrix of Albon
personal data
SURNAME Hugo III
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Hugues III
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Duke of Burgundy
DATE OF BIRTH around 1148
DATE OF DEATH August 25, 1192
Place of death Acre