Imant Georgievich Freiman

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Imants Freimanis ( Russian Имант Георгиевич Фрейман ; * 7 April July / 19 April  1890 greg. At the Islitz estate near Mitau , Kurland Governorate ; † February 8, 1929 in Leningrad ) was a Latvian - Russian electrical engineer and university teacher .

Life

Imants Freimanis, the son of a Latvian community school teacher, first received a home education, learned German and French , played the piano , loved music and was interested in ballet . He then attended the Mitau secondary school with graduation in 1907. He then studied in St. Petersburg at the Imperial Alexander III. - Electrical engineering institute (ETI) (originated in 1891 from the technology school of the Post Telegraph Office ). As a student he was 1911-1912 involved in the construction of high-performance radio stations of the postal telegraph office in Riga , on Ruhnu and postal telegraph district Archangelsk in Issakororg on Waigatsch and the yugorsky strait . In his diploma thesis he worked on the problems of the rotating spark gap in Marconi's pop-spark transmitter and planned the radio telegraphy line Moscow - Baku . In 1913 he completed his studies as an electrical engineer first class and became the assistant to his ETI teacher NA Skrizki , secretary of the International Post Telegraph Office established in Russia in 1912. In the same year Freimanis visited the Telefunken factory in Berlin and the Marconi factory in Chelmsford , where he quickly learned English and got to know the new developments.

In 1915 Freiman became a laboratory assistant and then a senior laboratory assistant at the ETI and at the end of the year also a lecturer . Since the beginning of the First World War he worked on projects of the Imperial Russian Navy . Together with MW Schuleikin , he developed a two-circuit receiver for ship and coastal radio stations, which was taken over by the fleet in 1915. From August 1915 he served in the mining department of the main shipping office, which maintained radio communications. Under Skrizki's leadership, Freiman took part in the planning of a 300 kW radio station for the fleet in the Far East . In addition, from 1916 he was the first to teach in Russia at the new chair for radio technology at the ETI. In early 1916 Skrizki and Freiman completed their planning for the station on Russki near Vladivostok , which was then built by the Naval Office for the radio link between the ships in the Pacific and Moscow (via the planned station in Tomsk ) and North America . Skrizki and Freiman accompanied the work on site (1916–1917), while Freiman learned Japanese . In 1917 Freiman became head of the chair for radio technology at the ETI and gave lectures in the Higher Bestuschewski courses for women , which became the Second Polytechnic Institute after the October Revolution . He also published a small textbook on the basics of radio technology.

In 1918, Freiman and others founded the Russian Radio Engineering Society, thanks to which the Nizhny Novgorod Radio Laboratory was established and the magazine on wireless telephony and telegraphy was published. In 1919 he was drafted into the Red Army to work in the mining department of the main shipbuilding administration as a buyer of radio equipment. In addition, he worked on his dissertation on the similarity laws of radio networks. In 1919 he was elected in a secret ballot against his teacher, AA Petrowski, to head the ETI's course in wireless telegraphy. In the same year he announced his invention of an electron tube device for multiple telephony, which anticipated the development of multi-channel telephony. In 1921 he defended his master’s thesis and was appointed professor. Together with MM Glagolew founded the first electron tube laboratory in Russia, whose work plan also included X-ray technology examinations. In September 1921, at the First All-Russian Congress of Friends of Science , he proposed the promotion of amateur radio at government level. On the initiative of Petrovsky and Freiman, the first radio amateur association was formed in Petrograd in 1922 , and Freiman published an encyclopedia for radio amateurs.

From 1922 to 1925 Freiman was dean of the faculty for electrical physics at the ETI. In addition, he was a member of the radio technology council of the Schwachstrom - Trust and the central laboratory and advisor to the research station of the People's Commissariat for Post and Telegraphy (1922–1928). In 1922 he set up a chair for radio communications at the Naval Academy and was its head until his death. In addition, he gave a lecture on radio technology at the electrical engineering faculty of the military engineering academy while maintaining his lecture at the Second Polytechnic Institute. His students included AN Shchukin , AA Kharkevich , SJ Sokolov and VI Siforov . In the summer of 1923 he carried out an internship with his students, including Al Berg , in Sevastopol , during which the students established a radio link with half-submerged submarines of the Black Sea Fleet .

In 1924 Freiman became the first chairman of the naval committee for science and technology. He was responsible for questions relating to ship radio and coastal stations, for hydroacoustics and aeroacoustics as well as for communication with visible and invisible rays. He developed the first radio system for equipping the fleet, which other generations followed. On the initiative of PA Moltschanow he developed a radio transmitter for the world's first radiosonde , which was completed after his death.

Freiman long suffered from tuberculosis of the throat . The telegram with the decision of the naval command to send him to Switzerland for a cure came too late. He was buried in the Smolensk Cemetery in Leningrad . In 2015, on his 125th birthday, a Freiman postcard was published by the Russian Post.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e Золотинкина Л. И .: Такая короткая яркая жизнь … ( К 100-летию со дня рождения И. Г. Фреймана) . In: Radio (magazine) . No. 6 , 1990, pp. 79 .
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g Золотинкина Л. И .: И. Г. Фрейман - основатель отечественной школы радиотехники . In: Электросвязь . No. 12 , 2004, p. 46 ( [1] accessed on September 18, 2017).
  3. ↑ a b Санкт-Петербургский государственный электротехнический университет «ЛЭТИ» им. В.И. Ульянова (Ленина) СПбГЭТУ «ЛЭТИ»: И.Г. Фрейману посвящается (accessed September 18, 2017).
  4. ↑ Санкт-Петербургский государственный электротехнический университет «ЛЭТИ» им. В.И. Ульянова (Ленина) СПбГЭТУ "ЛЭТИ": Имант Георгиевич Фрейман (accessed September 18, 2017).
  5. ↑ Freiman IG, Schuleikin MW: On the multi-section guenched gap . In: Proc. IRISHMAN. tape 7 , no. 4 , 1919, pp. 417-426 .
  6. ↑ Золотинкина Л. И., Скрицкий Н. В .: Н. А. Скрицкий - радиоинженер, ученый, педагог . In: Электросвязь: история и современность . No. 2 , 2006, p. 25–29 ( [2] accessed September 18, 2017).
  7. ↑ Золотинкина Л. И., Мироненко И. Г .: Роль электротехнического института Императора Александра III в развитии электротехники в России на рубеже XIX и XX веков . In: Известия СПбГЭТУ « ЛЭТИ » . No. 1 , 2004, p. 65 .
  8. ↑ Золотинкина Л. И .: Служба радиосвязи российского флота . In: Новый Оборонный Заказ. Стратегии . tape 31 , no. 4 , 2014 ( [3] accessed September 18, 2017).
  9. ↑ Санкт-Петербургский государственный электротехнический университет «ЛЭТИ» им. В.И. Ульянова (Ленина) СПбГЭТУ "ЛЭТИ": Гашение маркированной почтовой карточки, посвяТУ.енной 125-летие.ножня Гашение Иня Иня Иня Иня Иня Иня. Фреймана (accessed September 18, 2017).
  10. ↑ Россия. Имант Георгиевич Фрейман (1890–1929), учёный, радиотехник. Карточка с литерой "В" (accessed September 18, 2017).
personal data
SURNAME Freiman, Imant Georgievich
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Фрейман, Имант Георгиевич (Russian)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Russian electrical engineer and university professor
DATE OF BIRTH April 19, 1890
PLACE OF BIRTH Islitz near Mitau , Courland Governorate
DATE OF DEATH February 8, 1929
Place of death Leningrad