Industrial and business sociology

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According to a definition by Ralf Dahrendorf , industrial and business sociology originally had to do with “the segment of social action that is given by industrial production of goods”. Today, however, it is more broadly defined (partly under the newer term: work and industrial sociology ) as a sub-discipline of sociology that deals with social structures and social action in the area of ​​the operational production of goods and services and their environment.

Ralf Dahrendorf considered it to be a “special sociology of industrial society”, but since the 1980s, following a “cognitive and social identity change”, it has faced new problems in the industrial service society (e.g. systemic rationalization, global production networks, service and reproductive work, balance of work and life) open to the investigation of the "forms and consequences of different types of work in companies and administrations and their interactions with society as a whole".

From the perspective of this development, a breakdown in a appears Betriebssoziologie one hand and a Industriesoziologie other hand as questionable. However, the view is still held that industrial and company sociology consists of three sub-areas, which justify the following differentiation:

  • The industrial sociology has with the study of interactions between industries and companies, the social structure and dynamics of industries, with the origin and history of industrialization to do as well as their impact on the workplace and society.
  • The Industrial Sociology has to do with structures and systems in private and public service organizations with economic purpose set. Her focus is less on the interactions between organization and society than on the internal structures and relationships in the organizations themselves.
  • The sociology of work explores the forms and conditions of work in general, including housework, serf and slave labor.

Their respective research areas overlap. They have common intersections with organizational and economic sociology .

Development and Approaches

The development of industrial sociology was initially strongly shaped by analyzes and socio-political evaluations of the new industrial capitalist mode of production (paradigmatic in Das Kapital Volume I by Karl Marx ) as well as the social structure of industrial work and its often negatively assessed consequences. With the demarcation of sociology from historical and social philosophy , more and more pure factual analyzes determined the sociological investigations, so that company sociology was able to propose concrete operational or socio-political measures on the basis of the facts analyzed. The industrial sociology also developed in dealing with the "scientific management" (see Taylorism ) , which was mainly determined by efficiency considerations. The increasing anchoring of a works constitution under social and labor law finally made it easier for industrial sociology to withdraw to positivist factual analysis, while industrial sociology did not give up its (mostly critical) socio-political reference.

Differences and similarities

A clear demarcation between industrial and company sociology is not always sensible and possible for two reasons: On the one hand, there is a close connection between the problems of overall social structural changes to industrial society . On the other hand, the classification of humans in the rationalized industrial enterprise with all its consequences in organizational and social point of view does not allow a clear separation. It should be noted, however, that “industrial sociology” also examines non-operational phenomena, such as the social-psychological component of “industrialization” (including “ de-industrialization ”) as an attitude (attitude); on the other hand there are numerous non-industrial businesses (e.g. farms, craft businesses , kindergartens, hospitals, robber gangs).

New challenges in industrial sociology are the secular tendencies towards the service economy and knowledge society, which are reflected in the paradoxical formation of the term “post-industrial industrial sociology” (Deutschmann).

Research directions

Industrial sociology

In industrial sociology, the following research directions can be distinguished:

Industrial sociology

Industrial sociology deals with:

  • Questions of power and authority relationships in industrial operations
  • Organizational and group structures in industrial operations and their effects on people
  • The relationship of the industrial company to its environment
  • At the level of development sociology with the question of the prerequisites and possible consequences of a socially compatible and ecologically adapted industrialization in developing societies.
  • At the level of the social actors with attitudes towards industrial companies and work

Industrial sociologists in German-speaking countries (after 1945)

Surname Exemplary work (first edition) Co-author / s
Norbert Altmann Corporate governance structure and industrial society (1971) Günter Bechtle
Martin Baethge Future of Employees (1986) Herbert Oberbeck
Hans Paul Bahrdt Industrial bureaucracy (1958)
Niels Beckenbach Industrial Sociology (1991)
Joachim Bergmann Trade unions in the Federal Republic (1975) Otto Jacobi

Walther Müller-Jentsch

Fritz Bohle (Ed.) Handbook of Work Sociology (2010) G. Günter Voss

Günther Wachtler

Ralf Dahrendorf Industrial and business sociology (1956)
Christoph Deutschmann Post-industrial industrial sociology (2002)
Klaus Dörre Struggle for Participation (2002)
Ludwig von Friedeburg Sociology of the Work Environment (1963)
Friedrich Furstenberg (Ed.) Industrial Sociology 3 Vols. (1959ff.)
Sabine Gensior (Ed.) Socialization and Women's Employment (1995)
Thomas Haipeter Co-determination at VW. New opportunities for corporate lobbying? (2000)
Heinz Hartmann Functional Authority (1964)
Martin Heidenreich Informatization and Culture - The Introduction and Use of Information Systems in Italian, French and West German Companies (1995)
Sebastian Herkommer Industrial Sociology (1979)
Hartmut Hirsch-Kreinsen Economic and Industrial Sociology (2004)
Horst Kern The end of the division of labor? (1984) Michael Schumann
Hermann Kotthoff Works councils and citizen status (1994)
Wolfgang Littek (Ed.) Introduction to Work and Industrial Sociology (1982) Werner Rammert

Günther Wachtler

Burkart Lutz (Ed.) Development perspectives of work (2001)
Gertraude Mikl-Horke Industrial and Work Sociology (1991)
Otfried Mickler Skilled Work in Transition (1981)
Heiner Minssen Work and industrial sociology (2006)
Walther Müller-Jentsch Sociology of Industrial Relations (1986)
Frieder Naschold Modernization of the State (1998) Jörg Bogumil
Otto Neuloh The new style of operation (1960)
Theo Pirker Office and Machine (1962)
Heinrich Popitz The Worker's Image of Society (1957) Hans Paul Bahrdt

Ernst August Jueres Hanno Kesting

Ludger Pries Company interest regulation in Germany (2008) Axel Hauser-Ditz

Markus Hertwig

Dieter Sauer Work in transition. Zeitdiagnosen (2005)
Rudi Schmiede The Development of Performance Pay in the Federal Republic of Germany (1976) Edwin Schudlich
Gert Schmidt (Ed.) Materials for Industrial Sociology (1982) H.-J. Braczyk

J. vd Knesebeck

Rudi Schmidt Social and political awareness of workers Werner Kudera

Werner Mangold u. a.

Michael Schumann Industrial Work and Worker Consciousness (1970) Horst Kern
Werner Sengenberger Structure and functioning of labor markets (1987)
Arndt Sorge Information technology and work in the social process (1986)
Franz Traxler Evolution of Union Advocacy (1982)
G. Günter Voss The Worker Entrepreneur (1998) Hans J. Pongratz
Hansjörg Weitbrecht Effectiveness and legitimacy of collective bargaining autonomy (1969)

See also

literature

Introductions and overview presentations

Newer works

Classical works

  • Wolfram Burisch : Industrial and business sociology. 7th, verb. Edition. de Gruyter , Berlin / New York 1973, ISBN 3-11-005898-7 . (Ralf Dahrendorf: 1st to 4th edition 1955 to 1967)
  • Ralf Dahrendorf : Social structure of the company - company sociology. Business publisher Dr. Th. Gabler, Wiesbaden 1959.
  • Friedrich Fürstenberg (Ed.):
    • Industrial Sociology I: Precursors and Early Period 1835–1934. 2nd Edition. Luchterhand, Neuwied 1966.
    • Industrial Sociology II: The Development of Work and Industrial Sociology since the Second World War . Luchterhand, Neuwied 1974.
    • Industrial Sociology III: Industry and Society. Luchterhand, Neuwied 1975.
  • Fritz Giese , Frederick Winslow Taylor (involved): Psychotechnology and the Taylor system. Wendt & Klauwell publishing house, Langensalza 1920.
  • Mario Rainer Lepsius : Industry and business . In: René König (ed.): The Fischer Lexicon. Volume 10, revision from March 1967, pp. 129ff.
  • Burkart Lutz , G. Schmidt: Industrial sociology . In: R. König (Hrsg.): Handbook of empirical social research. Volume 8, dtv / Enke, Stuttgart 1972, pp. 101-262.
  • Renate Mayntz : The social organization of the industrial company. Stuttgart 1958.
  • Delbert Charles Miller , William Humbert Form : Industrial Sociology. Harper & Row, New York 1967.
  • Helmut Schelsky : Industrial and business sociology. In: A. Gehlen, H. Schelsky (Ed.): Sociology. 7th edition. Diederichs, Düsseldorf 1968, pp. 159-203.
  • L. Zündorf (Ed.): Industrial and industrial sociology. Scientific Book Society, Darmstadt 1979, ISBN 3-534-06841-6 .

Exemplary examinations and studies

  • Norbert Altmann , P. Binkelmann, K. Düll, H. Piece: Limits of new forms of work. Campus, Frankfurt am Main 1982.
  • M. Baethge, H. Oberbeck: Future of the employees. Campus, Frankfurt am Main 1986.
  • Joachim Bergmann , O. Jacobi, Walther Müller-Jentsch : Trade unions in the Federal Republic. EVA, Frankfurt am Main 1975.
  • Horst Kern , Michael Schumann : Industrial work and worker awareness. 2 vols., EVA, Frankfurt am Main 1970, ISBN 3-434-00221-9 .
  • Horst Kern, Michael Schumann: The end of the division of labor? CH Beck, Munich 1984, ISBN 3-406-30307-2 .
  • H. Kotthoff: Works councils and citizen status. Change and continuity of employee participation. Hampp, Munich / Mering 1994, ISBN 3-87988-095-6 .
  • W. Littek: Industrial work and social structure. On the critique of industrial and business sociology. European Publishing House, Frankfurt am Main 1973.
  • Theo Pirker : Office and machine. On the history and sociology of the mechanization of the office and office automation . Kyklos, Basel 1962.
  • Heinrich Popitz , Hans Paul Bahrdt , E. Jueres, H. Kesting: The social image of the worker . Sociological studies in the metallurgical industry. 2nd Edition. Mohr, Tübingen 1961
  • Heinrich Popitz, Hans Paul Bahrdt, E. Jueres, H. Kesting: Technology and industrial work. Sociological studies in the metallurgical industry. Mohr, Tübingen 1957.
  • Eugen Rosenstock-Huessy : workshop relocation. Investigations into the living space of the industrial worker. 1922. (Reprinted 1997, ISBN 3-87067-629-9 )
  • Michael Schumann: Metamorphoses of industrial work and worker consciousness. Critical industrial sociology between analysis of Taylorism and participation in shaping innovative labor policy. VSA-Verlag, Hamburg 2003, ISBN 3-89965-008-5 .
  • I. Weyrather: The woman on the assembly line. The picture of the factory worker in social research 1870–1985. Campus, Frankfurt am Main 2003.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Ralf Dahrendorf: Industrial and business sociology. de Gruyter, Berlin 1955, pp. 5f.
  2. ↑ Ralf Dahrendorf: Industrial and Business Sociology , de Gruyter, Berlin 1955, p, 7.
  3. ↑ Gert Schmidt, Hans-Joachim Braczyk, Jost von dem Knesebeck (ed.): Materials for industrial sociology . In: Cologne journal for sociology and social psychology , special issue 24/1982, p. 18ff.
  4. ^ Heiner Minssen: Work and industrial sociology. Campus, Frankfurt am Main 2006, p. 15.
  5. ↑ See the extracts from sources in: Friedrich Fürstenberg (Ed.): Industrial Sociology I: Vorläufer und Frühzeit 1835–1934. Neuwied 1959.