Jörg Schechner

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Jörg Schechner , sometimes also called Jörg Schedner , Jörg Schechtner or Georg Schachner (* around 1500 in Munich , † beginning of July 1572 in Nuremberg ), was a wool weaver , supporter of the Reformation Anabaptist movement and a Nuremberg Mastersinger . Within a few years he wrote more than 20 songs, "which far exceed the average level of the genre".

Life

Jörg Schechner's father was a wealthy Munich Gschlachtgwandter (wool weaver) and a member of the external council of the city of Munich. He had the same first name as his son, was married and the father of several children, of whom only one other, namely Arsatius Schechner, Jörg's younger brother, is known by name. The two brothers learned their father's trade after completing their schooling. A note in the Nuremberg council exits from February 26, 1566 shows that Jörg Schechner knew Latin and Greek , which in turn allows conclusions to be drawn about the quality of his schooling. After his apprenticeship, he went on a journey . From a letter from Schechner we learn that this trip took him to Wittenberg , among other places , and that there he witnessed a colloquium between Johannes Bugenhagen , Philipp Melanchthon and Thomas Münzer .

Schechner's return to Munich is scheduled for 1526 at the latest. Evidence of this is provided by the city tax lists, in which his name can be found for the above and the two following years. At that time, the Anabaptist movement, which arose in Zurich in early 1525 and which Schechner joined in 1527, had already reached Upper Bavaria , the Duchy of Swabia and, in some cases, the Franconian areas . The Augsburg Anabaptist Congregation, founded in the late spring of 1525, was the mission center of this movement for several years.

baptist

How Schechner came into contact with the Anabaptist movement cannot be determined. It is known, however, that Anabaptist meetings were held in Munich suburbs at the beginning of 1527 at the latest. In February of the same year had a sensational heretics process against from Emmering originating Georg Wagner , a former Roman Catholic priest and later Protestant preacher with Anabaptist views occurred. Wagner was sentenced to death and burned alive at the gates of Munich. A few months later, the Teutonic Knight and former Catholic priest Leonhard Dorfbrunner came to the Bavarian metropolis. He had been singled out as an evangelist by the Styrian Anabaptist community in which Hans Hut had baptized him at Pentecost in 1527 , and had made his way to Munich via Salzburg . There he baptized at least four people, including Jörg Schechner. The line of baptismal succession goes with Jörg Schechner via Leonhard Dorfbrunner (summer 1927), Hans Hut (Whitsun 1526), Hans Denck (spring 1526), Balthasar Hubmaier (Easter 1525), Wilhelm Reublin (January 1525), Jörg Blaurock (January 1525 ) to Konrad Grebel (January 1525).

Dorfbrunner's stay in Munich could not have been of long duration, as his participation in the so-called Synod of Martyrs in Augsburg is documented as early as August 20, 1527 . It is not known whether Schechner held a special office in the Munich Anabaptist community. However, it is likely that he gave several baptisms of believers in his hometown.

On November 15, 1527, Duke Wilhelm IV issued a land law against the Anabaptists. As a result of this mandate, numerous supporters of the Anabaptist movement were imprisoned in various cities in Bavaria, including Munich, Landsberg and Auerburg , and - if they did not revoke them - executed in a painful manner. On January 6, 1528, 29 Anabaptists were captured in Munich. The history book of the Hutterite Brothers reports that six Anabaptists were burned, three beheaded and three Anabaptists drowned. Among those judged were the noblemen Augustin Perwanger and his brother Christoph. Jörg Schechner was able to escape the persecution.

Schechner's arrival in Augsburg is documented for January 1528. There he found work with a craftsman of his guild and became a member of the Augsburg Anabaptist community. Already on March 22, 1528 (Sunday Laetare , Mittfasten) he was elected one of the community leaders. "He taught, held meetings and baptized at least eight people himself." At the beginning of April of the same year, he left Augsburg for unknown reasons and thus avoided a wave of arrests in which a few days later 88 Anabaptists were put in irons in Susanna Daucher's house and subjected to embarrassing interrogations were. At Whitsun 1528 Schechner worked undisturbed in Rothenburg ob der Tauber , but returned to Augsburg for a short time in August and experienced the end of the Augsburg Anabaptist community here.

Schwenckfeldians

Schechner moved to Strasbourg with another Anabaptist , where after May 1529 he met the spiritualist Kaspar Schwenckfeld , who came from Lower Silesia , joined the movement he had set up, and soon belonged to the close circle of confidants of Kaspar Schwenckfeld. He did not contact other Anabaptists who had also found asylum in Strasbourg. His departure from Augsburg was probably also his departure from the Anabaptist movement. In a later letter he wrote of the “horrible Irthumb” that he had heard from the leaders of this movement with whom he had “dined and drunk” during his time as an Anabaptist. Schechner remained connected with Schwenckfeld even after his stay in Strasbourg, which is evidenced by numerous correspondence. After Schechner had settled in Nuremberg in autumn 1530 at the latest , he tried to mediate between Luther and Schwenckfeld in 1543 by sending the Wittenberg reformer a letter from Schwenckfeld with several annexes.

Mastersingers

In the summer of 1530 Schechner moved from Strasbourg to Nuremberg. Not long after his arrival in the Franconian metropolis, he must have submitted an application for naturalization to the city council, because on October 14, 1530 his name appears for the first time in the so-called exits of the Nuremberg council. There Schechner's application is noted and recommended for acceptance with the condition “if he objects to it”.

Christening succession

Jörg Schechner's line of christening succession goes back to Konrad Grebel :

Evidence of the given dates can be found in the individual biography articles.

family

Jörg Schechner was married twice. His first marriage, which resulted in at least two daughters, was in Munich in 1526. The first name of the wife, who died in Nuremberg in November 1559, was Anna; her maiden name is not known. On May 11, 1563, he married the considerably younger Susanna Lederer. She came from Füssen . Several children emerged from this connection. According to the entries in the church book of the Nuremberg parish of St. Lorenz there were four daughters and one son.

A daughter named Veronika from his first marriage was married to Lienhard Nürnberger, a Nuremberg redsmith and fellow believer in Schechner.

Schechner's brother Arsatius moved from Munich to Nuremberg in June 1568. This move was not primarily for family reasons. The Ratsverlässe call him a "of the word of god half" displaced and recommend to grant the cloth dyers, the Nuremberg citizenship.

Work (selection)

In addition to several letters to Caspar Schwenckfeld and petitions to the Nuremberg Council, Jörg Schechner was also the author of two confessional documents , which are lost. Otherwise he has a melody (called master tone ) and the 22 partly anonymously edited songs, which are listed in the following table.

Songs

No. Song title 1st line of song Biblical reference Locations and signature (selection) comment
01 Inn of the Korweis Munchs of Saltzpurg . A closing for Easter Colosenes on the third clar Colossians 3: 1-5 Berlin State Library Mgf 23,125v-127r An Easter song. Schwenckfeld's spiritualistic conception of Christ's work of redemption resonates.
02 Inn des Romers gsangweys. The 55 psalm Dauid on the fifty-fiveist sing dut Psalm 55 Berlin State Library Mgf 23, 127r-128r
University Library Augsburg UB III.3.2 ° 13, 176v-178v 		Adaptation of Psalm 55
03 In the Zugweis Fritz Zorn. The mangnificat Inn the first Lucas laudable Luke 1: 39-56 Berlin State Library Mgf 23.60r – 61r Lyrical retelling of the New Testament story of the meeting between Mary and Elizabeth
04 In the nightingale there are strong. The promise of the gaist On the fourteenth clare / John the ewangelist / says how Christ was John 14 Berlin State Library Mgq 410/3, 70r – 72r Promise of the Holy Spirit , warning to the wicked
05 In the raising freudweis Jörg Schechner wrote his poem The sibentzehen capittel in Exodus Exodus 17 University Library Augsburg UB III.3.2 ° 13, 181r – 183r The fight between Joshua and Amalek is sung . For Schechner it symbolizes the fight of the spirit against the challenges of faith.
06 Inn the unknown thon. A 7 par of donkeys At the nineteenth, Clare Lucas would describe the text furpas: Luke 19: 28-44 Berlin State Library Mgf 23, 128r – 131v The entry of Jesus into Jerusalem is described . At the center of the song is the donkey on which Jesus rides. The characteristics of the animal are symbolically interpreted as a mark of true Christianity.

Master tone: Raising joyous wisdom

The melody Reisige Freudweis composed by Schechner was often used by later Nuremberg Mastersingers. Above all, Hans Sachs should be mentioned in this context , in which eleven master songs alone follow this somewhat “clumsy” tone . Even Hans Weber , Bendedikt of Watt , Hans Deising , Hans Lang and others used it.

literature

  • Gustav Roethe:  Schechner, Jörg . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 30, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1890, p. 653 f.
  • Hans Rössler: Anabaptists in and from Munich. 1527-1528 . In: Oberbayerisches Archiv 85/1962, pp. 42–58
  • Christoph Petzsch: On Albrecht Lesch, Jörg Schechner and the question of the Munich Mastersingers School . In: Journal for German Antiquity and German Literature (ZfdA) 94/1965, pp. 121-138
  • Hans-Dieter Schmid: Anabaptists and authorities in Nuremberg , Nuremberg 1972.
  • Irene Stahl: Jörg Schechner. Baptist - Mastersingers - enthusiasts. A craftsman's life in the century of the Reformation , Würzburg 1991, ISBN 3-88479-563-5
  • Mario Müller: Article Schechner, Jörg . In: Killy Literature Lexicon . Authors and works from the German-speaking cultural area (Ed. Wilhelm Kühlmann et al.), Volume 10, Berlin / New York ²2011, pp. 265f

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Wolfgang Schäufele: The missionary awareness and work of the Anabaptists. Represented from Upper German sources , Volume XXI in the series Contributions to the history and teaching of the Reformed Church (Eds. Paul Jacobs, Walter Kreck and others), Neukirchen-Vluyn 1966, p. 106
  2. ↑ After Irene Stahl: Jörg Schechner. Baptist - Mastersingers - enthusiasts. A craftsman's life in the century of the Reformation , Würzburg 1991, p. 13.
  3. ↑ After Helene Burger (ed.): Nürnberger Totengeläutbücher , Volume III: St. Sebald 1517-1571 , in: Free series of writings of the Society for Family Research in Franconia ( Volume 19), Neustadt an der Aisch 1972, p. 396
  4. ↑ Irene Stahl: Jörg Schechner. Baptist - Mastersingers - enthusiasts. A craftsman's life in the century of the Reformation , Würzburg 1991, p. 5
  5. ↑ Irene Stahl: Jörg Schechner. Baptist - Mastersingers - enthusiasts. A craftsman's life in the century of the Reformation , Würzburg 1991, p. 13
  6. ↑ According to Christoph Petzsch: On Albrecht Lesch, Jörg Schechner and the question of the Munich Mastersing School , in: Journal for German Antiquity and German Literature (ZfdA), 94/1965, p. 135 it was an educational trip. Compare with Irene Stahl: Jörg Schechner. Baptist - Mastersingers - enthusiasts. A craftsman's life in the century of the Reformation , Würzburg 1991, p. 14, note 9.
  7. ↑ Wolfgang Schäufele: The missionary awareness and work of the Anabaptists. Represented from Upper German sources , Volume XXI in the series Contributions to the history and teaching of the Reformed Church (Eds. Paul Jacobs, Walter Kreck and others), Neukirchen-Vluyn 1966, p. 19ff
  8. ↑ Vitus Anton Winter speaks of "secret gatherings in the gardens around Munich": History of the Baierian Anabaptists in the 16th century . Munich 1809, p. 35 ( digitized version [accessed December 20, 2013]).
  9. ^ Christian Hege: Munich (Free State of Bavaria, Germany) , 1957; in: Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online ; accessed on May 18, 2013
  10. ↑ On Georg Wagner and the course of the trial and execution see Vitus Anton Winter, Geschichte der Baierischen Anababaptis im 16. Century, Munich, 1809, pp. 42–54
  11. ^ Whitsunday fell on June 9th in 1527; see Internet archive / Werner T. Huber: Calculation of mobile holidays ; accessed on May 18, 2013
  12. ↑ The dates in brackets indicate the respective baptism date. Evidence of this can be found in the biography articles of the persons mentioned.
  13. ^ Franklin H. Littell: The Self-Understanding of Anabaptists , Kassel 1966, p. 179
  14. ↑ Irene Stahl: Jörg Schechner. Baptist - Mastersingers - enthusiasts. A craftsman's life in the century of the Reformation , Würzburg 1991, p. 15
  15. ↑ Wolfgang Schäufele: The missionary awareness and work of the Anabaptists. Represented from Upper German sources , Volume XXI in the series Contributions to the history and teaching of the Reformed Church (Eds. Paul Jacobs, Walter Kreck and others), Neukirchen-Vluyn 1966, p. 21
  16. ↑ Christoph Petzsch: On Albrecht Lesch, Jörg Schechner and on the question of the Munich Meistersinger School , in: Journal for German Antiquity and German Literature (ZfdA), 94/1965, p. 135
  17. ↑ Rudolf Wolkan (Ed. In collaboration with the Hutterian Brothers in America and Canada): History book of the Hutterian Brothers , Standoff Colony near Macleod, Alberta (Canada) 1923, p. 45
  18. ↑ Quoted from Irene Stahl: Jörg Schechner. Baptist - Mastersingers - enthusiasts. A craftsman's life in the century of the Reformation , Würzburg 1991, p. 15
  19. ^ Hans Guderian: The Anabaptists in Augsburg. Their history and their legacy. A contribution to the 2000 year celebration of the city of Augsburg. Ludwig, Pfaffenhofen 1984, p. 67
  20. ↑ Irene Stahl: Jörg Schechner. Baptist - Mastersingers - enthusiasts. A craftsman's life in the century of the Reformation , Würzburg 1991, p. 16
  21. ↑ Horst Weigelt: From Silesia to America. The history of Schwenckfeldism , Weimar 2007, p. 94
  22. ↑ Irene Stahl: Jörg Schechner. Baptist - Mastersingers - enthusiasts. A craftsman's life in the century of the Reformation , Würzburg 1991, p. 18
  23. ^ Matthias H. Grieb: Nürnberger Künstlerlexikon. Visual artists, artisans, scholars, collectors, cultural workers and patrons from the 12th to the middle of the 20th century , Volume 3 (Pf – Z), Munich 2007, ISBN 978-3-598-11763-3 , p. 1311 (Sp II) - 1312 (Sp I) (Article: Schechner, Jörg )
  24. ↑ Irene Stahl: Jörg Schechner. Baptist - Mastersingers - enthusiasts. A craftsman's life in the century of the Reformation , Würzburg 1991, p. 40
  25. ↑ Irene Stahl: Jörg Schechner. Baptist - Mastersingers - enthusiasts. A craftsman's life in the century of the Reformation , Würzburg 1991; P. 51 - Nürnberger is referred to as Schechner's " aiden " in the council exits of April 18, 1566 .
  26. ↑ Irene Stahl: Jörg Schechner. Baptist - Mastersingers - enthusiasts. A craftsman's life in the century of the Reformation , Würzburg 1991, p. 62
  27. ↑ See song 14 in the table.
  28. ↑ Mario Müller: Article Schechner, Jörg , in: Killy Literature Lexicon. Authors and works from the German-speaking cultural area (Ed. Wilhelm Kühlmann et al.), Volume 10, Berlin / New York ²2011, p. 266
  29. ↑ The table is based on the detailed information from Irene Stahl: Jörg Schechner. Baptist - Mastersingers - enthusiasts. A craftsman's life in the century of the Reformation , Würzburg 1991, pp. 70–177
  30. ↑ Forgotten Books: Analecta Germanica , p. 351 ( Memento of the original from February 22, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. ; accessed on February 13, 2014  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.forgottenbooks.org
personal data
SURNAME Schechner, Jörg
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Jörg Schedner; Jörg Schechtner; Georg Schachner
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Wollweber , supporter of the Reformation Anabaptist movement , Nuremberg Mastersinger
DATE OF BIRTH around 1500
PLACE OF BIRTH Munich
DATE OF DEATH July 1572
Place of death Nuremberg