Japanese lilac

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Japanese lilac
Syringa reticulata at Winterthur Estate.jpg

Japanese lilac ( Syringa reticulata )

Systematics
Asterids
Euasterids I
Order : Mint family (Lamiales)
Family : Olive family (Oleaceae)
Genre : Lilac ( syringa )
Type : Japanese lilac
Scientific name
Syringa reticulata
( Flower ) H.Hara
leaves
inflorescence

The Japanese lilacs ( Syringa reticulata ) is a shrub or tree with yellowish white and scented privet flowers from the family of Olive Family (Oleaceae). The natural range is in Japan, Korea, China, Mongolia and in eastern Russia. The species is often used as an ornamental shrub.

description

The Japanese lilac is a 2 to 10 and rarely 15 meter high shrub or a short-stemmed or multi-stemmed tree with an ovoid-rounded crown and a bark that separates in horizontal stripes. The branches are bare and shiny reddish. Terminal buds are missing. The leaves have a 1 to 3 centimeter long stem. The leaf blade is herbaceous, simple, 2.5 to 13 centimeters long and 1 to 6, rarely 8 centimeters wide, ovate, elliptical-ovate, ovate-lanceolate, oblong-lanceolate to more or less roundish, with pointed, pointed or tapered pointed Leaf tip and rounded, wedge-shaped, truncated or more or less heart-shaped base. The upper side of the leaf is fresh green, the underside blue-green, glabrous or, rarely, hairy downy.

The flowers grow in 5 to 20, rarely 27 centimeters long and 3 to 20 centimeters in diameter, lateral, dense and often in several standing panicles . The flowers have a 0 to 2 millimeter long stem. The calyx is 1 to 2 millimeters long. The corolla is 3 to 5 millimeters wide and yellowish white. The corolla tube is the same length to slightly longer than the calyx. The anthers protrude far from the corolla tube. The flowers smell of privet . As fruits 1.5 to 2.5 centimeters long, long elliptical to lanceolate, saber-like curved, smooth or with Korkporen occupied capsules formed. The Japanese lilac flowers from May to August, the fruits ripen from August to October.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 46.

distribution

The natural range is in Japan on the islands of Hokkaidō , Honshū , Kyushu and Shikoku , in South Korea, in the Chinese provinces of Gansu , Hebei , Heilongjiang , Henan , Jilin , Liaoning , Ningxia , Shaanxi , Shanxi , in the north of Sichuan and in the interior Mongolia , Mongolia and Russia in Amur Oblast and Primorye Region . The Japanese lilac grows in mixed forests, on grassy areas, in gorges and valleys at heights of 100 to 2400 meters on moderately dry, fresh to moist, slightly acidic to neutral, sandy soils in sunny locations. The species loves warmth and is frost hardy .

Systematics

The Japanese Lilac ( Syringa reticulata ) is a kind of the genus of Lilac ( Syringa ) in the family of Oleaceae (Oleaceae). There the genus is assigned to the tribe Oleeae. The species was first scientifically described by Carl Ludwig Blume as Ligustrum reticulatum ( Basionym ) and placed in the genus of the privet ( Ligustrum ). Hara Hiroshi placed the species in 1941 as Syringa reticulata in the lilac genus. The genus name Syringa was chosen by Linnaeus in 1753, previously from around the 16th century the name was used both for the common lilac ( Syringa vulgaris ) and for the European pipe bush ( Philadelphus coronarius ). It was probably derived from the Greek "syrigs", a wind instrument that can be made from the branches of the pipe bush. The specific epithet reticulata comes from Latin and means "net-like".

There are three subspecies:

  • Amur lilac ( Syringa reticulata subsp. Amurensis (Ruprecht) PSGreen & MCChang ) forms 4 to 10 trees, rarely 15 meters high. The leaves have a thick stem 1 to 2 centimeters long. The leaf blade is ovate, elliptical-ovate to oblong-lanceolate. The calyx is 1.5 to 2 millimeters long, the corolla 4 to 5 millimeters wide. The fruit capsules have blunt ends. The subspecies flowers from June to July, the fruits ripen from August to October. The distribution area is in mixed forests, grasslands and canyons at 100 to 1200 meters altitude in China in Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, in Inner Mongolia, in Korea and in eastern Russia. Bark and twigs are used as anti-inflammatory and diuretic agents, and the flowers are used to make perfumes. The subspecies was first described by Franz Joseph Ruprecht in 1856 as a separate species Syringa amurensis ( Basionym ) and assigned as a subspecies Syringa reticulata in 1995 .
  • Syringa reticulata subsp. reticulata is endemic to Japan.
  • Syringa reticulata subsp. pekinensis (Ruprecht) PSGreen & MCChang forms 2 to 5 bushes or small trees, rarely 10 meters high. The petiole is thin and 1.5 to 3 inches long. The leaf blade is ovate, ovate-lanceolate or rounded. The calyx is 1 to 1.5 millimeters long, the corolla has a diameter of 3 to 4 millimeters. The capsule fruit has a pointed to a pointed end. The subspecies blooms from May to August, the fruits ripen from August to October. The distribution area is in forests on mountain slopes, in valleys and along gorges at an altitude of 600 to 2400 meters in Gansu, Hebei, Henan, Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, Shaanxi, Shanxi and in the north of Sichuan. The subspecies was first described by Franz Joseph Ruprecht in 1857 as a separate species Syringa pekinensis ( Basionym ) and assigned as a subspecies Syringa reticulata in 1995 .

use

The Japanese lilac is often used as an ornamental shrub .

proof

literature

  • Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven (Ed.): Flora of China . Volume 15: Myrsinaceae through Loganiaceae . Science Press / Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing / St. Louis 1996, ISBN 0-915279-37-1 , pp. 286 (English).
  • Andreas Roloff , Andreas Bärtels: Flora of the woods. Purpose, properties and use. With a winter key from Bernd Schulz. 3rd, corrected edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2008, ISBN 978-3-8001-5614-6 , p. 643.
  • Jost Fitschen : Woody flora . 12th, revised and expanded edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2007, ISBN 3-494-01422-1 , p. 830 .
  • Helmut Genaust: Etymological dictionary of botanical plant names. 3rd, completely revised and expanded edition. Nikol, Hamburg 2005, ISBN 3-937872-16-7 (reprint from 1996).

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ German name after Roloff et al .: Flora of the woods. P. 643 and after Fitschen: Wood flora. P. 830.
  2. ↑ a b c d Roloff et al .: Flora of the Woods. P. 642.
  3. ↑ a b c d e Mei-chen Chang, Lien-ching Chiu, Zhi Wei, Peter S. Green: Syringa reticulata. in: Flora of China. Volume 15, p. 286.
  4. ↑ a b c d Syringa reticulata. In: Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). United States Department of Agriculture, accessed July 1, 2012 .
  5. ↑ Rafaël Govaerts (ed.): Syringa reticulata. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved May 6, 2020.
  6. ↑ To be precise: Etymological dictionary of botanical plant names. P. 625.
  7. ↑ To be precise: Etymological dictionary of botanical plant names. P. 532.
  8. ↑ German name after Roloff et al .: Flora of the woods. P. 643.
  9. ↑ a b Mei-chen Chang, Lien-ching Chiu, Zhi Wei, Peter S. Green: Syringa reticulata subsp. amurensis in: Flora of China. Volume 15, p. 286.
  10. ↑ Mei-chen Chang, Lien-ching Chiu, Zhi Wei, Peter S. Green: Syringa reticulata subsp. pekinensis in: Flora of China. Volume 15, p. 286.

Web links

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