Yelena Ivanovna Kazimirtschak-Polonskaya

Jelena Polonskaya (1934)

Jelena Ivanovna Kasimirtschak-Polonskaja born Jelena Ivanovna Polonskaja , ( Russian Елена Ивановна Казимирчак-Полонская ; born November 8 ^{. Jul} / 21st November  1902 ^greg. In Selez , Ujesd Volodymyr-Volynskyi ; † 30th August 1992 in St. Petersburg ) was a Russian - Polish - Soviet astronomer and university professor .

Life

Polonskaya's father, Ivan Michailowitsch Polonski, was a landowner, and her mother, Yevgenia Nikolayevna Shitinskaya, belonged to the Russian nobility . Polonskaya graduated from the Lutsk Girls' High School in 1920 with honors. 1922–1927 she studied at the physical - mathematical faculty of the Jan Kasimir University in Lemberg . During this time she was active in the Christian movement of Russian students . She took part in the apologetics summer courses founded by Sergei Nikolajewitsch Bulgakow in Paris and attended the Institut de Théologie Orthodoxe Saint-Serge . In 1927, Sergei Bulgakov blessed her as a nun in the world .

In 1928 Polonskaya became Marcin Ernst's assistant at the Lviv observatory . 1932-1939 she was an extraordinary assistant at the Astronomical Observatory of the University of Warsaw . In 1934 she was to defend their dissertation on the planetozentrische motion of comets to Doctor philosophiae doctorate.

In 1936 Polonskaja married the ichthyologist Leon Kazimierczak, who worked at the University of Warsaw. In 1937 she had her son Sergei (named after her spiritual father Sergei Nikolajewitsch Bulgakow). During the Second World War , Polonskaya was from 1940-1944 in Lviv, which was initially occupied by the Soviets and incorporated into the Ukrainian Socialist Soviet Republic , and then in Lviv, which was occupied by the Wehrmacht , as a research assistant at the Astronomical Institute of Lviv University. When the front approached in 1944, she went to Warsaw with her family . On the eve of the Warsaw Uprising , she was separated from her husband, after which she never saw him again. On May 9, 1945, she left Poland with her son and mother to settle in the USSR . From 1945 Polonskaya taught calculus and astronomy at the Pedagogical Institute in Kherson . Her son died there in 1948.

In 1948 Polonskaya became a research assistant at the Institute for Theoretical Astronomy of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR (AN-SSSR, since 1991 Russian Academy of Sciences (RAN)) in Leningrad . In 1950, after defending the candidate's dissertation on the close proximity of comets to planets and the planetocentric motion of comets , she received her doctorate as a candidate in the physical-mathematical sciences. She also taught part-time at the Leningrad Pedagogical Institute named after Mikhail Nikolayevich Pokrovsky .

During the 1951 cleanup campaign against enemies of the people , Polonskaya was dismissed for downsizing. In January 1952 she was arrested on the instigation of the Ministry of State Security of the USSR , presumably for her missionary work on suspicion of espionage , and released in August 1952 for lack of evidence.

In 1953 Polonskaya became a lecturer at the Chair of Higher Mathematics of the Odessa Pedagogical Institute . In 1956 she returned to Leningrad and continued her work in the Institute for Theoretical Astronomy of the AN-SSSR. In 1964 she became a member of the International Astronomical Union (IAU) . Together with Igor Stanislawowitsch Astapowitsch , NA Beljajew and AK Terentjewa, she examined for the first time the disturbed movement of the Leonid meteor shower in the period 1700-2000 and the movements of other currents. She examined their structures and correctly predicted the intensity maximum of the Leonids for 1966. In 1968, after defending her doctoral thesis on the theory of motion of short-period comets and problems of their evolution, she received her doctorate in physical-mathematical sciences. In the same year she received the Bredichin Prize of the AN-SSSR.

Polonskaja developed an effective method for the numerical integration of the differential equations of the movement of small bodies, taking into account all the effects of the planets, with which she examined the movement of comet 14P / Wolf in the period 1884–1973 with the greatest precision. She developed a quantitative theory of the motion of comet 47P / Ashbrook-Jackson ( List of Comets ) for the period 1949–1979. She examined the orbits of about 40 short-period comets from 1660-2060. She showed that the approaches of comets to Jupiter and Saturn do not happen by chance, but follow complex laws.

1967–1985 Polonskaya participated in the organization and implementation of Soviet and international astronomical seminars and symposiums . As an active member of the Society for Polish-Soviet Friendship (since 1970), she accompanied the pianist Witold Małcużyński on his guest tours to Leningrad. In 1972 she became an honorary member of the All Union Society of the Blind. She participated in the editing and programming of the works on higher mathematics in Braille .

1976–1978 Polonskaya was chairman of the group for dynamics of small bodies of the Astronomical Council of the AN-SSSR. In 1978 the minor planet (2006) was named Polonskaya after Polonskaya .

From 1980 the history of the Russian Orthodox Church and the study of the Bible became Polonskaja's main focus. She wrote specialist articles and translations, benefiting from her mastery of Polish , French and German . She wrote a book about the life and work of Sergei Nikolajewitsch Bulgakov, which was published after her death in 2003. 1987 was from Leningrad Metropolitan Alexis II. For nun dedicated Elena. At the end of her life she was almost completely blind. From 1988–1989 she gave lectures on the life and work of Sergei Nikolayevich Bulgakov in Leningrad religious schools and dictated her new work to assistants.

Polonskaya was buried in the astronomers ' cemetery at the Pulkovo Observatory .

Web links

Commons : Elena Ivanovna Kazimirchak-Polonskaya  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

• Literature by and about Jelena Ivanovna Kasimirtschak-Polonskaya in the bibliographic database WorldCat
• Catalog of the Russian National Library : Казимирчак-Полонская, Елена Ивановна

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b} Цицин Ф. А., Еремеева А. И .: Елена Ивановна Казимирчак-Полонская: К 100-летию со дня рождения . In: Земля и Вселенная . No. 1 , 2003, p. 38-43 .
2. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h} Astronet: Казимирчак-Полонская Елена Ивановна (accessed February 8, 2020).
3. ↑ ^{a b c d e} О жизни ученой и монахини Елены Казимирчак-Полонской (accessed February 8, 2020).
4. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g} Новомученики, исповедники, за Христа пострадавшие в годы гонений на Русскую Православную Церковь в XX веке: Е. И. Казимирчак-Полонской (accessed February 8, 2020).
5. ↑ Kazimirchak-Polonskaja EI, Beljaev NA, Astapovich IS, Terenteva А. К .: Investigation of perturbed motion of the Leonid meteor stream . In: Physics and dynamics of meteors (Proceedings of the Symposium of the International Astronomical Union Symposium) . D. Reidel , Dordrecht 1968, p. 449-475 .
6. ↑ монахиня Елена (Казимирчак-Полонская, Елена Ивановна): Профессор протоиерей Сергий Булгаков, 1871-1944: личность, жизнь, творческое служение, осияние фаворским светом . Изд-во Православного университета, Moscow 2003.