Jan Thorn Prikker (artist)

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Parish Church of St. Georg in Cologne (1930)

Jan (Johan) Thorn Prikker (born June 5, 1868 in The Hague , † March 5, 1932 in Cologne ) was a Dutch artist who moved to Germany in 1904, where he developed his own monumental art from his Art Nouveau- influenced beginnings which was expressed primarily in stained glass , mosaics and murals .

Life

Reconstructed wall painting in the Old Catholic Church of Peace in Essen (1916)

Jan Thorn Prikker was probably a descendant of Scandinavian immigrants and attended the art academy in The Hague from 1883 to 1887. In 1890 he was introduced to the Belgian artist group Les XX by Jan Toorop, and in 1892 to the Rosicrucian community by Joséphin Péladan . From 1898 he was the artistic director of the Arts and Crafts art dealer in The Hague until he finally moved to Germany in 1904.

Through the mediation of the then museum director Friedrich Deneken , the Dutch painter and designer came in 1904 as a teacher at the newly founded craft and applied arts school in Krefeld (today: Hochschule Niederrhein ), where Hans Kruzwicki , Helmuth Macke , Heinrich Campendonk , Heinz von der Way and Wilhelm Wieger joined counted among his first students. Thorn Prikker was one of the charismatic and diverse artistic personalities of the time, whose work moved on the borderline between free and applied art. He created landscape paintings and monumental wall paintings as well as designs for furniture and textiles in the Art Nouveau style . With his young students he went on numerous excursions in the area around Krefeld in order to teach them the principles of plein air painting in nature .

In 1910 Thorn Prikker left the Krefeld School of Applied Arts in order to take an active part in the artistic reform efforts of the Werkbund movement around the art patron Karl Ernst Osthaus , the founder of the Folkwang Museum , in Hagen , Westphalia . Shortly thereafter, he received numerous orders for wall paintings, mosaics and, above all, colored glazing, including in 1912 for the journeyman's house in Neuss designed by Peter Behrens . During his stay in Hagen, he worked from 1913 to 1916 as a teacher at the Essen School of Crafts and Applied Arts, which later became the Folkwang School in Essen .

Various study trips during this creative period took him to Italy (1906), Denmark (1908) and France (1913).

After a short stopover in Überlingen (1919/1920), he then taught for three years as a teacher of glass painting and monumental art at the Royal School of Applied Arts in Munich , then from 1923 to 1926 at the Düsseldorf Art Academy , and from 1926 until his death as a professor at the Cologne factory schools .

His son Hein (1911–1998) was a successful motorcycle racer in the 1940s and 1950s.

style

The Bride (1892-1893)

In his time in the Netherlands, Jan Thorn Prikker was mainly influenced by Japanese woodblock prints as well as Expressionism and French Neo-Impressionism , but he never allowed himself to be fully determined in his entire artistic development. After first attempts at pointillism , he turned to the linear variety of Art Nouveau early on.

He was deeply religious and a staunch Christian who was heavily influenced by the religious ideas of the Nabis . A first attempt in 1895 to paint a large triptych Trinity with a mystical interpretation had failed, Thorn Prikker destroyed the work. He later experimented with motifs of mysticism and the Catholic ideal and painted several biblical scenes. With his works he is considered to be a innovator of religious art with expressionist influences.

He had a lasting influence on the development and renewal of glass painting in Germany. For example, he incorporated the lead bridges of his monumental works of art into the design of the windows and set decisive impulses , especially in the area of ​​the Lower Rhine , which he loved so passionately . Many of his designs, including the particularly well-known windows for the Dreikönigenkirche in Neuss, which were shown at the Sonderbund exhibition in Cologne in 1912 , were carried out in Berlin by the company United Workshops for Mosaics and Glass Painting Puhl & Wagner, Gottfried Heinersdorff . Due to his good contacts with the Deutscher Werkbund and Osthaus, Heinersdorff had arranged orders for the train station in Hagen, among other things. The interior design of the Old Catholic Church of Peace in Essen (built between 1914 and 1916) was also Thorn Prikker's work. The church is considered by many to be the most important Art Nouveau church in Germany. In 2006, some of the wall paintings destroyed in the war were reconstructed. In 1923 the director of the Kaiser Wilhelm Museum Max Creutz commissioned him with monumental murals. Prikker had the cycle age in secco technique created. In the time of National Socialism , the pictures were walled up for protection. After the Second World War, they were first made visible again, again hidden behind a protective wall in 1976, and made visible again in 2015.

Later Thorn Prikker also had Hein Derix's workshop in Kevelaer, where you can still admire the room where Thorn Prikker and Derix sen. discussed and also celebrated.

Exhibitions

In the 1920s, Jan Thorn Prikker made a style change from a formal language borrowed from Art Nouveau with partly figurative motifs to a more rigorous, constructive conception of images with geometric shapes. This development can be clearly understood from the windows exhibited in the Kaiser Wilhelm Museum in Krefeld. The selection there includes all creative phases of his last two decades, from the early "Christ Head - Ecce Homo " (1913, formerly Folkwang-Museum Hagen) to the radiant blue "Phos Zoä - Light and Life" (1931/1932). Further works by the artist can be found in the German Glass Painting Museum in Linnich .

Since November 13, 2010, a large retrospective has been running in the Boijmans van Beuningen Museum in Rotterdam with the title “With all the rules of art” and from March 26, 2011 to August 7, 2011, the first “major exhibition” took place at the Museum Kunstpalast in Düsseldorf in Germany ”.

plant

"The artist as a teacher for trade and commerce" (1911)

student

Honors

Streets in Cologne , Krefeld , Hagen , Rotterdam and Slotervaart were named after Thorn Prikker .

In memory of the artist who worked in Krefeld for a long time, the city of Krefeld donated the Thorn-Prikker plaque of honor in 1949 for artists from the Lower Rhine region.

literature

  • Jörg Metzinger:  Thorn-Prikker, J (oh) an. In: Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL). Volume 11, Bautz, Herzberg 1996, ISBN 3-88309-064-6 , Sp. 1488-1489.  ( Article / beginning of article in Internet archive )
  • Helmut Geisert, Elisabeth Moortgat (Red.): Walls made of colored glass. The archive of the United Workshops for Mosaic and Glass Painting Puhl & Wagner, Gottfried Heinersdorff . Berlinische Galerie, Berlin 1989, ISBN 3-927873-01-2 (catalog for the exhibition from December 8, 1989– January 21, 1990 in the Martin-Gropius-Bau Berlin; Contemporary Museum . No. 9).
  • Christiane Heiser-Schmid: Art - Religion - Society. The work of Johan Thorn Prikker between 1890 and 1912. From Dutch symbolism to the German Werkbund. Dissertation, Rijksuniv. Groningen 2008, ISBN 978-90-367-3586-5 .
  • Johan Thorn Prikker: With all the rules of the art . Publication on the occasion of the exhibition of the same name at Museum Boijmans van Beuningen in Rotterdam and Museum Kunstpalast , Düsseldorf 2010, ISBN 978-90-6918-251-3 .
  • “Painting with the sun yourself” - Johan Thorn Prikker and the dawn of modernity in glass painting , publication on the occasion of the exhibition of the same name at the German Glass Painting Museum Linnich, Myriam Wierschowski (ed.), Exhib.cat .: Linnich 2007, ISBN 3-9810046 -2-0 .
  • Gerda Breuer, Sabine Bartelsheim, Christopher Oestereich (eds.): "Teaching and teaching at the Folkwang School for Design in Essen. From the beginning until 1927.", Tübingen-Berlin 2012, ISBN 978-3-8030-3213-3 .
  • With all the rules of the art. Johan Thorn Prikker in the Mülheim town hall. The glass mosaics by Johan Thorn Prikkers in the foyer of the Mülheim town hall. A reinterpretation by Dr. Jörg Schmitz, Mülheim 2011.

Web links

Commons : Johan Thorn Prikker  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Culture in Krefeld
  2. ↑ Michael Schuh: The artist's son climbs motorcycle Olympic. www.derwesten.de, January 5, 2011, accessed June 28, 2014 .
  3. ↑ Max Creutz: The new monumental pictures Thorn-Prikkers in the Krefeld Kaiser Wilhelm Museum . , Art for everyone: painting, sculpture, graphics, architecture, March 1924, pp. 184–189
  4. ↑ Sebastian Peters: Krefeld exposes wall paintings by Johan Thorn Prikker. , in Rheinische Post on February 23, 2015, accessed on May 13, 2016
  5. ↑ Interior decoration , issue 11/1913 ( digitized version )
  6. ↑ a b Berliner Architekturwelt , Issue 2–3 / 1917
  7. ↑ Interior decoration , issue 3/1920
  8. ^ Holger Rescher: brick architecture of the 1920s in Düsseldorf . Diss., Bonn 2001
  9. ↑ The Thorn Prikker Room in the Kaiser Wilhelm Museum: The four-part wall painting cycle Life Age (depicting life phases in four pictures) by the Dutch artist Johan Thorn Prikker from 1923 can be seen here for the first time in almost 40 years. The works had been hidden behind a protective wall since 1976. ( Memento of the original from May 13, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.krefeld.de
  10. ↑ On the grounds of the Ehrenhof, on the opposite gate porticos of the Museum Kunstpalast and NRW-Forum Düsseldorf, two monumental mosaics adorn the walls: “The Day” and “The Night” 1925 by Johan Thorn Prikker (1868–1932). , at art-in-duesseldorf.de, accessed on May 13, 2016
  11. ↑ Richard Klaheck: New Architecture in the Rhineland . Düsseldorf 1929
  12. ↑ Description of the award from Kulturpreise.de (accessed on December 31, 2012)
personal data
SURNAME Thorn Prikker, Jan
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Thorn Prikker, Johan
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Dutch artist
DATE OF BIRTH June 5, 1868
PLACE OF BIRTH The hague
DATE OF DEATH March 5, 1932
Place of death Cologne