Johann Heinrich Hummel

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Johann Heinrich Hummel, Portrait of Joseph Werner (1669)

Johann Heinrich Hummel (born September 29, 1611 in Brugg , † March 2, 1674 in Bern ) was a Swiss Protestant clergyman.

Life

family

Johann Heinrich Hummel was the son of the shoemaker Johann Heinrich (other sources: Michael) Hummel († 1630), who was later also a council member and governor, and his wife Barbara, daughter of Johann Ulrich Steinhäuslin († 1586), pastor in Büren , in Diemtigen , in Bremgarten , in Schinznach and in Seon . He had four older sisters and a younger brother.

Johann Heinrich Hummel was married to Sarah, daughter of the Aarau mayor Meyer, and widow of the town clerk Hieronymus Schmuziger, since December 28, 1636 in Aarau . His wife had a daughter from their first marriage, Susanna; In 1644 their son Hans Heinrich Hummel († 1650) was born.

Training in Switzerland

He attended the local school in Brugg, where he was prepared for secondary school in the capital. As a citizen of Brugg, he received a scholarship to the High School in Bern in 1629 and began studying philosophy and theology. He spent his Easter vacation with his parents, during which time his father died and his departure to university was delayed. Because he feared reprimand from his teachers, he resolved to get to Bern as quickly as possible and walked to Solothurn in thirteen to fourteen hours , where a miller took him on in his wagon; this strain led him to stay sick in his bed for the first eight days. During further studies he fell seriously ill and was treated by the city ​​doctor Wilhelm Fabry ; the costs incurred were taken over by the bag master Daniel Lerber (1569–1648).

Among other things, he took part in lectures on the Hebrew language given by David Maser (1580–1661). Due to the good development of his studies, with the support of his teachers Christoph Lüthardt (1590–1663) and David Herlin († 1645), he received an academic scholarship to visit foreign universities. During his studies he worked as a private tutor for Hans Rudolf Stürler (1597–1665), Grand Councilor and Baron zu Belp and a Mr. von Villarzell from Lucens near Moudon , and thus earned his travel funds.

study abroad

Together with a tour group, he began his multi-year trip. In this travel group was also the later Welschseckelmeister Emanuel Steiger (1642–1709). The trip first led to his pupil's mother from Villarzell to Lucens, where he received his hat filled with additional travel money, Bernese chunks . From there he traveled to Dieppe via Geneva and Paris . From there, the group wanted to take the ship to Holland to study at the University of Groningen , but they were shipwrecked and fishermen took them to Rye in England . From there he traveled to London and received the news that the Dutch merchant, to whom his bills were made out and who was supposed to pay it, had fled to London after a bankruptcy . He succeeded in locating the merchant who paid him his bills of exchange with a deduction of 25%. He now decided to leave for Groningen immediately to continue his studies. At the university he met Professor Heinrich Alting , who advised him to continue his studies in England because he was distracted by his Swiss fellow students , who placed more emphasis on fun than on studying.

In 1634 he returned to London, accompanied by the Polish scholar Victorinus Bythner (1605–1670). With the support of the wealthy merchant Daniel Pennington (another source: Pornigton), in which he was staying, he was able both at the University of Oxford and at the University of Cambridge to continue his studies and heard, among other things lectures by Edward Pocock , John Lightfoot ( 1602–1675) and Edmund Castle .

After completing his studies, he returned to Geneva via Rye and Dieppe through France to Switzerland. During the crossing to Dieppe the ship was attacked by pirates, but he was able to protect himself from further robbery by paying a gold piece; Isaac Casaubon's son , Augustin Casaubon, who was also on board and was carrying important royal letters and a large amount of money, pretended to be dead and was therefore not searched any further. Johann Heinrich Hummel then had the opportunity to travel with Augustin Casaubon, who was already expected, in the coach to Paris .

Return to Switzerland

In Geneva he continued his studies with Giovanni Diodati and Friedrich Spanheim . During his disputation , he was suspected of being a follower of the doctrine of Arminianism , but was able to justify himself and justify his claims in such a way that he was dismissed with a testimony of recommendation.

After he gave his exam sermon in Geneva, he gave his first sermon in Lützelflüh in the Emmental .

Professional activity

He was a school teacher in Aarau from 1636 to 1638 and during that time also preached frequently. In 1638 he was appointed the successor to the late pastor Johann Heinrich Frey (1585–1638) and remained in his preacher and pastoral office in Brugg until 1645; During this time he was suspected of heresy , but was able to justify himself with an extensive written creed and thereby prove his erudition, so that he was appointed high school archer. This meant that he was less able to take care of his preaching office, whereupon the Bruges mayor Effinger used himself for him in the government in Bern and the promotion was reversed.

In 1645, after holding a trial sermon in Bern, he became a helper at the Bern Minster and in 1647 he became the third pastor when the second pastor Georg Langhans was called to Ins .

In 1653 he accompanied Johannes Duraeus and pastor Christoph Lüthardt (1590–1663), who supported Oliver Cromwell's plans for the unification of the Lutheran and Protestant states, to Aarau, Zurich and Basel . Johannes Duraeus asked the Council of Bern that Johann Heinrich Hummel should accompany him to Oliver Cromwell in England, but the council did not give permission because they did not want to be without their pastor for so long; since then he has had a lifelong friendship with Duraus.

In 1660 some Englishmen who were involved in the execution of Charles I in 1649 , including Edmund Ludlow , William Cawley (1602–1667) and John Lisle (1610–1664), who was later murdered in Lausanne , fled to Switzerland because they were persecuted by Charles II. With the help of Johann Heinrich Hummel they were given asylum and he advised them to go to Vivis .

On February 24, 1662 he succeeded the deceased dean Jakob Benner in his office.

When David Wyß (1632–1700), appointed professor of philosophy in 1666, began to impart the teachings of René Descartes to his students , Johann Heinrich Hummel opposed it and had the council banned this teaching neither at the high school nor privately convey. The ban, which also concerned the introduction of such texts into the city, was issued in 1668, 1669 and 1671 and showed the interest of the population in these teachings.

He was in correspondence with Johann Heinrich Hottinger , Johann Caspar Schweizer (1619–1688) and Johann Rudolf Wettstein as well as with scholars in England and Holland.

Johann Heinrich Hummel left behind a large number of his sermons on various topics in written form.

Trivia

Johann Heinrich Hummel is a fictional character in Catherine von Wattenwyl: Amazon, pastor's wife and spy by Therese Bichsel .

Fonts (selection)

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Bernese families - persons. Retrieved February 7, 2020 .
  2. ↑ Lerber, Daniel. Retrieved February 5, 2020 .
  3. ↑ Bernese families - persons. Retrieved February 7, 2020 .
  4. ↑ Steiger, Emanuel. Retrieved February 6, 2020 .
  5. ↑ Lüthardt, Christoph. Retrieved February 7, 2020 .
  6. ↑ Wyss, David. Retrieved February 7, 2020 .
  7. ↑ History of the Federal Free State of Bern: from its origins to its decline in 1798: from the original sources, especially presented from the city archives . Fischer, 1838 ( google.de [accessed February 7, 2020]).
  8. ↑ Schweizer, Johann Caspar. Retrieved February 7, 2020 .
  9. ↑ Therese Bichsel: Catherine von Wattenwyl: Amazone, pastor's wife and spy . Schwabe AG, 2017, ISBN 978-3-7296-2052-0 ( google.de [accessed on February 5, 2020]).
personal data
SURNAME Hummel, Johann Heinrich
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Humelius, Johann Heinrich; Humel, Johannes Heinrich; Humel, Johannes Henrich; Hummelius, Joh. Henricus; Humel, Johann Heinrich; Humelius, Johannes Henricus; Hummel, Heinrich; Hummel, Hans Heinrich; Humel, Hans Heinrich
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Swiss reformed clergyman
DATE OF BIRTH September 29, 1611
PLACE OF BIRTH Brugg
DATE OF DEATH March 2, 1674
Place of death Bern